The aim of this study was to analyze changes in botanical and chemical composition, as well as in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of an upland grassland exposed to climate changes in ...controlled CO2 concentration, air temperature and precipitation conditions. Grassland was exposed to a future climate scenario coupled with CO2 treatments (390 and 520 ppm) from the beginning of spring. During summer, an extreme climatic event (ECE; 2 weeks of a +6 ∘C increase in temperature, together with severe drought) was applied and then followed by a recovery period. Three cutting dates were considered, i.e. in April, June and November. The results indicate that increases in greenness, nitrogen (N) content and changes in water-soluble carbohydrate profile in association with botanical composition changes for the November cut lead to higher in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD) in the rumen. The neutral detergent fiber : nitrogen (NDF:N) ratio appeared to be a key driver of forage quality, which was affected in opposite ways by elevated CO2 and ECE, with a strong impact on rumen fermentation. Atmospheric CO2 concentration in interaction with ECE tended to affect IVDMD, indicating that the effects of elevated CO2 and ECE may partly offset each other. Our findings indicate that the various factors of climate change need to be considered together in order to properly characterize their effects on forage quality and use by ruminants.
When animals are fed a grass and legume mixture, digestive interactions can occur in the rumen between the substrates contained in the different plants, and the response of the animal to the ...combination of forages can differ from the balanced median values of their components considered individually. Our objective was to assess the associative effects between temperate forages in 8 grass-legume binary combinations on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics to highlight synergies or antagonisms in terms of nutritional and environmental impacts. Two grasses (cocksfoot, CF; ryegrass, RG) and 4 legume species (alfalfa, A; white clover, WC; red clover, RC; sainfoin, SAN) were incubated alone and in grass-legume mixture (1:1, wt/wt) in batches containing buffered rumen fluid during 3.5 and 24 h. For each substrate and each incubation time, parameters describing the degradation of the energetic and nitrogenous compounds and their partition into fermentation end products were measured. Data were subjected to ANOVA using a mixed procedure to test quadratic contrasts. At 3.5 h of incubation, many quadratic effects were observed. The presence of A, WC, or RC in mixtures quadratically increased the NH(3)-N production (up to +28% when compared with the calculated value, P < 0.001), whereas the presence of condensed tannin (CT) activity in SAN considerably decreased it (up to -67%, quadratic effect, P < 0.001) and the N disappearance. To a lesser extent, the presence of SAN reduced the proportion of methane in the gas produced (up to 7%, quadratic effect, P = 0.018). Generally, the degradation of OM and NDF was not stimulated by mixing grass and legume, except for SAN. However, the presence of SAN severely impaired the NDF digestion at the early phase of fermentation. At 24 h of incubation, few associative effects were observed in comparison with those observed at 3.5 h of incubation, but the effect of CT of SAN on N metabolism was still clearly present. This study shows that, among the grass-legume mixtures tested in vitro, only the presence of SAN can interact with the grasses to reduce the degradation of proteins and the production of methane but with a transitory negative effect on fiber digestion.
À partir d’un échantillon de 1 503 personnes, cette étude s’intéresse aux patients des centres d’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP) pris en charge en France en 2020 afin d’interroger leur ...parcours médical comme leurs expériences de l’infertilité dans la vie professionnelle, intime, familiale et conjugale. Le questionnaire en ligne, composé de 178 questions, offre trois grandes familles de résultats : les domaines dans lesquels l’AMP donne satisfaction à une majorité de personnes ; les points de vigilance ; les résultats les plus frappants, notamment l’invisibilité des jeunes et des hommes parmi les patients, le pessimisme quant aux résultats de leur traitement et la difficile relation au corps pour les femmes. L’ensemble des résultats souligne l’importance d’une conception globale des patients infertiles, hommes et femmes, jeunes et moins jeunes, au-delà de la seule dimension médicale, pour une prise en compte aussi bien psychologique, sociale que professionnelle, sous-tendue par une équipe d’accompagnants élargie.
The aim of this study was to determine the associative effects between fresh perennial ryegrass and fresh white clover on intake and digestion in sheep. Five proportions of ryegrass and white clover, ...ranging from 0 to 1 in 0·25 increments (DM basis), were allocated to two groups of five sheep according to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design, and intake behaviour and digestive parameters including methane (CH4) emissions were measured. Feeding behaviour was affected through increased forage intake when the proportion of white clover was increased, and there were positive associative effects on intake, eating time and eating rate during the main meals consumed immediately after feed was given. These effects seemed to be related to a greater motivation to eat, rather to more efficient digestion, as no difference on DM digestibility (average 766 g kg−1) was detected. There were no differences in CH4 yield (average 18·1 g kg−1 DM intake) among the treatments. The optimal proportion of white clover fed with ryegrass to optimize intake and digestion was between 0·25 and 0·50. These results indicate that mixing perennial ryegrass and white clover positively affects forage intake in sheep and their motivation to eat.
The primary aim of this study was to analyse the position of the acetabular and femoral components in total hip arthroplasty undertaken using an anterior surgical approach.
In a prospective, single ...centre study, we used the EOS imaging system to analyse the position of components following THA performed via the anterior approach in 102 patients (103 hips) with a mean age of 64.7 years (sd 12.6). Images were taken with patients in the standing position, allowing measurement of both anatomical and functional anteversion of the acetabular component.
The mean inclination of the acetabular component was 39° (standard deviation (sd) 6), the mean anatomical anteversion was 30° (sd 10), and the mean functional anteversion was 31° (sd 8) five days after surgery. The mean anteversion of the femoral component was 20° (sd 11). Anatomical and functional anteversion of the acetabular component differed by > 10° in 23 (22%) cases. Pelvic tilt was the only pre-operative predictive factor of this difference.
Our study showed that anteversion of the acetabular component following THA using the anterior approach was greater than the recommended target value, and that substantial differences were observed in some patients when measured using two different measurement planes. If these results are confirmed by further studies, and considering that the anterior approach is intended to limit the incidence of dislocation, a new correlation study for each reference plane (anatomical and functional) will be necessary to define a 'safe zone' for use with the anterior approach.
EOS imaging system is helpful in the pre-operative and post-operative radiological analysis of total hip arthroplasty.
The aim of this work was to investigate the variations of milk fatty acid (FA) composition because of changing paddocks in two different rotational grazing systems. A total of nine Holstein and nine ...Montbéliarde cows were divided into two equivalent groups according to milk yield, fat and protein contents and calving date, and were allocated to the following two grazing systems: a long duration (LD; 17 days) of paddock utilisation on a heterogeneous pasture and a medium duration (MD) of paddock utilisation (7 to 10 days) on a more intensively managed pasture. The MD cows were supplemented with 4 kg of concentrate/cow per day. Grazing selection was characterised through direct observations and simulated bites, collected at the beginning and at the end of the utilisation of two subsequent MD paddocks, and at the same dates for the LD system. Individual milks were sampled the first 3 days and the last 2 days of grazing on each MD paddock, and simultaneously also for the LD system. Changes in milk FA composition at the beginning of each paddock utilisation were highly affected by the herbage characteristics. Abrupt changes in MD milk FA composition were observed 1 day after the cows were moved to a new paddock. The MD cows grazed by layers from the bottom layers of the previous paddock to the top layers of the subsequent new paddock, resulting in bites with high organic matter digestibility (OMD) value and CP content and a low fibre content at the beginning of each paddock utilisation. These changes could induce significant day-to-day variations of the milk FA composition. The milk fat proportions of 16:0, saturated FA and branched-chain FA decreased, whereas proportions of de novo-synthesised FA, 18:0, c9-18:1 and 18:2n-6 increased at paddock change. During LD plot utilisation, the heterogeneity of the vegetation allowed the cows to select vegetative patches with higher proportion of leaves, CP content, OMD value and the lowest fibre content. These small changes in CP, NDF and ADF contents of LD herbage and in OMD values, from the beginning to the end of the experiment, could minimally modify the ruminal ecosystem, production of precursors of de novo-synthesised FA and ruminal biohydrogenation, and could induce only small day-to-day variations in the milk FA composition.
The use of forage legumes as a source of protein for ruminants is a sustainable strategy to reduce the use of inorganic-nitrogen fertiliser. In addition, some legumes species contain naturally ...bioactive secondary compounds, which could improve silage quality and digestive processes in ruminants. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of bioactive legumes containing condensed tannins or polyphenol oxidase, ensiled alone or in mixture with a grass, on silage quality and conservation characteristics. Six mini-silos were prepared in triplicate as follows: 100% red clover (RC), 100% sainfoin (SF), 100% Timothy (T, control without bioactive compounds), binary mixtures 50% T + 50% RC, 50% T + 50% SF and ternary mixture 50% T + 25% RC + 25% SF. Condensed tannins remain unaltered during the silage-making process in terms of quantity and chemical structures, while polyphenol oxidase is activated during this process. All the silages that contained bioactive legumes were better conserved than the pure grass silo. In addition bioactive legumes were able to preserve protein from their degradation during the silage process. Inclusion of bioactive legumes can improve silage quality, and polyphenol oxidase may be more efficient than condensed tannins to improve the nitrogen value of silage.
A better knowledge of HPS patient outcomes after LT could influence graft allocation, since there is currently a tendency to attribute better grafts to patients experiencing higher morbidity. ...the ...objective of our study was to compare the post-operative outcome in patients with and without HPS following LT, in terms of complications, ventilation parameters, lengths of stay and mortality. Patients were monitored for the first five post-operative days with daily transthoracic echocardiography, pulmonary ultrasound and hepatic Doppler Primary and Secondary Outcomes HPS was defined as an association of cirrhosis, hypoxemia with a p 0 <80 mm Hg on room air and intrapulmonary vasodilatations diagnosed by contrast transthoracic echocardiography and/or a 100% oxygen method. Post-operative complications were included cardiac complications, defined as cardiogenic shock, myocardial infarction, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, elevation of left ventricular filling pressure, pulmonary hypertension, or other complications; respiratory complications that included acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary edema, pneumonia, or pleural effusion; surgical complications including peritonitis, perforation, hemoperitoneum, ileus, evisceration, hepatic artery stenosis and thrombosis, portal vein stenosis and thrombosis, splenic vein thrombosis, biliary leak and stricture, bilioma, or cholangitis; infectious complications including septic shock, bacteremia, peritonitis, pneumonia, septic liver, cholangitis, wound infection, fungal infection; neurological complications including hemorrhage, stroke, seizures, confusion; nephrological complications including need for renal replacement therapy; and acute cellular rejection. Five variables known for their association with post-operative complications were entered into the model: age, MELD score on transplantation day, number of RBC units transfused during transplantation, norepinephrine maximal dosage during transplantation, and number of comorbidities among cardiovascular (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease), respiratory (COPD, asthma), renal (need for renal replacement therapy before transplantation or chronic renal insufficiency defined as a creatinine clearance <60 mL/min according to renal function tests or calculated with MDRD formula), diabetes and obesity.
The objective of this study was to characterize the condensed tannins (CTs) in wrapped silage bales of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and examine their potential action on in vivo and in situ ...digestive characteristics in sheep. Silage was made from sainfoin, cut at two phenological stages. The first phenological stage, at which silage was made, was from the first vegetation cycle at the end of flowering and the second stage silage was made from regrowth, 5 weeks after the first cut, but before flowering. The silages made from the two phenological stages were fed to 12 rumen-fistulated sheep in a crossover design. Of the 12 sheep, six received polyethylene glycol (PEG) to bind with and remove the effects of CT, whereas the other six were dosed with water. Organic matter digestibility, total-tract N digestibility and N (N) balance were measured over 6 days. Kinetic studies were performed on total N, ammonia N (NH₃-N) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in rumen fluid before and 1.5, 3 and 6 h after feeding. The kinetics of degradation of dry matter and N from Dacron bags suspended in the rumen were also determined. Biological activity of CT (protein-binding capacity) and CT concentration were greater for the silage made from sainfoin at the early flowering stage. Total-tract N digestibility was increased by the addition of PEG (P < 0.001) to the sainfoin silage before flowering (P < 0.001). CTs decreased N excretion in urine (P < 0.05) and increased faecal N excretion (P < 0.001), but had no effect on body N retention, which is beneficial for the animal. Ruminal N degradability was smaller in the presence of active CT (P < 0.001) at both phenological stages; however, soluble N (P = 0.2060) and NH₃-N (P = 0.5225) concentrations in rumen fluid remained unchanged. The results of this experiment indicate that CT in the sainfoin retain their ability to affect the nutritive value of preserved forage legumes.
Although liver transplantation (LT) improves survival in cirrhotic patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), few data exist concerning post-operative complications in these patients.
To compare ...complications after LT between patients with and without HPS.
In a case-control study, we retrospectively analyzed all patients who underwent LT in our center from January 2010 to July 2016. We compared cases of identified HPS to controls matched for age, MELD score, comorbidities, red blood cells transfused, and highest dosage of norepinephrine perfused during transplantation.
Among 451 transplanted patients, we identified 71 patients with HPS who could be analyzed. We found a significantly (p<0.001) higher number of post-operative complications in patients with HPS (median 5
3), with more occurrence of cardiac, infectious and surgical complications than in the controls: 39.4%
12.7% (p<0.001), 81.7%
49.3% (p<0.001), and 59.2%
40.1% (p<0.029), respectively. There were also more ICU readmissions at 1 month among HPS patients (10
1, p=0.01). There was no significant difference concerning ventilation data, lengths of ICU or hospital stay (8.5 range 3-232 and 32 14-276 days, respectively on the whole cohort) and death in the ICU (4.2% on the whole cohort). The 1-year survival was higher in HPS patients (94.4%
81.1%, p=0.034); there was no difference in 5-year survival.
HPS patients seem to have a higher number of complications in the first month following LT.
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