Hemodialysis access has been considered as a support for end-stage renal patients. We measured the hemodynamic changes of the distal part of the upper extremity immediately after providing the AVGs ...in each method mentioned above and then compared the results. This method is a novel one and hasn’t been used in any other studies before. We studied 32 patients referred to the vascular surgery department of Rasht Razi Hospital between 2019-2020 (using the Convenient Sampling method). This study is a case-control study. Out of 32 patients referred to the vascular surgery department of the hospital, 68.8% were male, and their mean age was 53.41±12.75 years, ranging from 28 to 78 years. Changes in distal arterial hemodynamics of the upper limb before and after clamping in dialysis venoarterial loop versus straight grafts are different in studied patients (P<0.05). The mean hemodynamic changes before and after clamping in loop venoarterial grafts (19.5000) are less than straight grafts. In dialysis patients who do not have any superficial vein suitable for venous, arterial fistula, surgical placement of artificial grafts in the upper limb is appropriate. Based on the results of this study, the loop method seems to have lesser ischemic Complications and can be applied to dialysis patients.
The proficient and targeted delivery (TD) of therapeutic drugs is a significant challenge in the clinical healing of cancer. In this study, highly luminescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were ...synthesized via citric acid carbonization and modified by transferrin (TF) to improve the water-solubility and increase the interaction ability with target cell receptors. The CQDs based nanocarrier was developed for the imaging and the TD of doxorubicin (Dox) as a model of anti-breast cancer drug. The physicochemical properties of Dox-loaded TF-CQDs were characterized using TEM, UV–Vis and FT-IR spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity potentiality of the nanocarrier was investigated by the MTT test across MCF-7 cell lines which exhibited more decrease in cell viability than TF-CQDs or Dox alone. The efficiency of the in vitro release was investigated in the optimum conditions of pH and the release time. The cellular uptake study revealed that TF-CQDs was more efficiently endocytosed by the MCF-7 cells than Dox. The Dox-TF conjugate was more toxic than Dox due to its overcome on multidrug resistance of cancer cells. Furthermore, the binding energy between Dox and TF-CQDs were investigated employing the molecular docking (Mdoc) approach. It was shown that Dox-TF-CQDs nano-carrier can be an excellent TD system for the therapy of breast cancer.
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