ABSTRACT
We compute the low-ℓ limit of the family of higher order spectra for projected (2D) weak lensing convergence maps. In this limit these spectra are computed to an arbitrary order using ...tree-level perturbative calculations. We use the flat-sky approximation and Eulerian perturbative results based on a generating function approach. We test these results for the lower order members of this family, i.e. the skew- and kurt-spectra against state-of-the-art simulated all-sky weak lensing convergence maps and find our results to be in very good agreement. We also show how these spectra can be computed in the presence of a realistic sky-mask and Gaussian noise. We generalize these results to 3D and compute the equal-time higher order spectra. These results will be valuable in analysing higher order statistics from future all-sky weak lensing surveys such as the Euclid survey at low-ℓ modes. As illustrative examples, we compute these statistics in the context of the Horndeski and beyond Horndeski theories of modified gravity. They will be especially useful in constraining theories such as the Gleyzes–Langlois–Piazza–Vernizzi (GLPV) theories and degenerate higher order scalar-tensor theories as well as the commonly used normal-branch of Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati model, clustering quintessence models and scenarios with massive neutrinos.
The weak lensing bispectrum induced by gravity Munshi, D; Namikawa, T; Kitching, T D ...
Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
04/2020, Letnik:
493, Številka:
3
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ABSTRACT
Recent studies have demonstrated that secondary non-Gaussianity induced by gravity will be detected with a high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) by future and even by on-going weak lensing ...surveys. One way to characterize such non-Gaussianity is through the detection of a non-zero three-point correlation function of the lensing convergence field, or of its harmonic transform, the bispectrum. A recent study analysed the properties of the squeezed configuration of the bispectrum, when two wavenumbers are much larger than the third one. We extend this work by estimating the amplitude of the (reduced) bispectrum in four generic configurations, i.e. squeezed, equilateral, isosceles and folded, and for four different source redshifts zs = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, by using an ensemble of all-sky high-resolution simulations. We compare these results against theoretical predictions. We find that, while the theoretical expectations based on widely used fitting functions can predict the general trends of the reduced bispectra, a more accurate theoretical modelling will be required to analyse the next generation of all-sky weak lensing surveys. The disagreement is particularly pronounced in the squeezed limit.
Weak lensing skew-spectrum Munshi, D; Namikawa, T; Kitching, T D ...
Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
11/2020, Letnik:
498, Številka:
4
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ABSTRACT
We introduce the skew-spectrum statistic for weak lensing convergence κ maps and test it against state-of-the-art high-resolution all-sky numerical simulations. We perform the analysis as a ...function of source redshift and smoothing angular scale for individual tomographic bins. We also analyse the cross-correlation between different tomographic bins. We compare the numerical results to fitting-functions used to model the bispectrum of the underlying density field as a function of redshift and scale. We derive a closed form expression for the skew-spectrum for gravity-induced secondary non-Gaussianity. We also compute the skew-spectrum for the projected κ inferred from cosmic microwave background (CMB) studies. As opposed to the low redshift case, we find the post-Born corrections to be important in the modelling of the skew-spectrum for such studies. We show how the presence of a mask and noise can be incorporated in the estimation of a skew-spectrum.
Morphology of weak lensing convergence maps Munshi, D; Namikawa, T; McEwen, J D ...
Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
10/2021, Letnik:
507, Številka:
1
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ABSTRACT
We study the morphology of convergence maps by perturbatively reconstructing their Minkowski functionals (MFs). We present a systematic study using a set of three generalized skew spectra as ...a function of source redshift and smoothing angular scale. These spectra denote the leading-order corrections to the Gaussian MFs in the quasi-linear regime. They can also be used as independent statistics to probe the bispectrum. Using an approach based on pseudo-Sℓs, we show how these spectra will allow the reconstruction of MFs in the presence of an arbitrary mask and inhomogeneous noise in an unbiased way. Our theoretical predictions are based on a recently introduced fitting function to the bispectrum. We compare our results against state-of-the-art numerical simulations and find an excellent agreement. The reconstruction can be carried out in a controlled manner as a function of angular harmonics ℓ and source redshift zs, which allows for a greater handle on any possible sources of non-Gaussianity. Our method has the advantage of estimating the topology of convergence maps directly using shear data. We also study weak lensing convergence maps inferred from cosmic microwave background observations, and we find that, though less significant at low redshift, the post-Born corrections play an important role in any modelling of the non-Gaussianity of convergence maps at higher redshift. We also study the cross-correlations of estimates from different tomographic bins.
We propose a novel technique to separate the late-time, post-reionization component of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich (kSZ) effect from the contribution to it from a (poorly understood and probably ...patchy) reionization history. The kSZ effect is one of the most promising probe of the missing baryons in the Universe. We study the possibility of reconstructing it in three dimensions (3D), using future spectroscopic surveys such as the Euclid survey. By reconstructing a 3D template from galaxy density and peculiar velocity fields from spectroscopic surveys we cross-correlate the estimator against CMB maps. The resulting cross-correlation can help us to map out the kSZ contribution to CMB in 3D as a function of redshift thereby extending previous results which use tomographic reconstruction. This allows the separation of the late-time effect from the contribution owing to reionization. By construction, it avoids contamination from foregrounds, primary CMB, tSZ effect as well as from star-forming galaxies. Due to a high number density of galaxies the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) for such cross-correlational studies is higher, compared to the studies involving CMB power-spectrum analysis. Using a spherical Bessel-Fourier (sFB) transform we introduce a pair of 3D power spectra: ... and ... that can be used for this purpose. We find that in a future spectroscopic survey with near all-sky coverage and a survey depth of ..., reconstruction of ... can be achieved in a few radial wave bands ... with a S/N ratio of up to ... for angular harmonics in the range ... = (200-2000). (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is an economically important vegetable crop grown in tropical parts of the world. In this study, a high-density linkage map of M. charantia was constructed ...through genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology using F
mapping population generated from the cross DBGy-201 × Pusa Do Mausami. About 2013 high-quality SNPs were assigned on a total of 20 linkage groups (LGs) spanning over 2329.2 CM with an average genetic distance of 1.16 CM. QTL analysis was performed for six major yield-contributing traits such as fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, fruit flesh thickness, number of fruits per plant and yield per plant. These six quantitative traits were mapped with 19 QTLs (9 QTLs with LOD > 3) using composite interval mapping (CIM). Among 19 QTLs, 12 QTLs derived from 'Pusa Do Mausami' revealed a negative additive effect when its allele increased trait score whereas 7 QTLs derived from 'DBGy-201' revealed a positive additive effect when its allele trait score increased. The phenotypic variation (R
%) elucidated by these QTLs ranged from 0.09% (fruit flesh thickness) on LG 14 to 32.65% (fruit diameter) on LG 16 and a total of six major QTLs detected. Most QTLs detected in the present study were located relatively very close, maybe due to the high correlation among the traits. This information will serve as a significant basis for marker-assisted selection and molecular breeding in bitter gourd crop improvement.
Cucumber is a model plant for studying parthenocarpy with abundant slicing- and pickling-type germplasm. This study was undertaken to understand the role of the important cytokines (CKs), auxin (AUX) ...and gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and degradation genes for the induction of parthenocarpy in slicing and pickling germplasm. Two genotypes of gynoecious parthenocarpic cucumber, PPC-6 and DG-8, along with an MABC-derived gynoecious non-parthenocarpic line, IMPU-1, were evaluated in this study. The slicing and pickling cucumber genotypes PPC-6 and DG-8 were strongly parthenocarpic in nature and set fruit normally without pollination. Endogenous auxin and gibberellin were significantly higher in parthenocarpic than non-parthenocarpic genotypes, whereas the concentration of cytokinins varied among the genotypes at different developmental stages. However, the exogenous application of Zeatin and IAA + Zeatin was effective in inducing parthenocarpic fruit in IMPU-1. Expression analysis with important CK, AUX, and GA biosynthesis-related genes was conducted in IMPU-1, PPC-6, and DG-8. The expression of the CK synthase,
IPT, IPT3
,
PaO, LOG1, LOG2, CYP735A1,
and
CYP735A2
was up-regulated in the parthenocarpic genotypes. Among the transcription factor response regulators (RRs), positive regulation of
CSRR8/9b, CSRR8/9d, CSRR8/9e
, and
CSRR16/17
and negative feedback of the CK signalling genes, such as
CsRR3/4a, CsRR3/4b, CsRR8/9a
, and
CsRR8/9c
, were recorded in the parthenocarpic lines. Homeostasis between cytokinin biosynthesis and degradation genes such as CK oxidases (
CKXs
) and CK dehydrogenase resulted in a non-significant difference in the endogenous CK concentration in the parthenocarpic and non-parthenocarpic genotypes. In addition, up-regulation of the key auxin-inducing proteins and GA biosynthesis genes indicated their crucial role in the parthenocarpic fruit set of cucumber. This study establishes the critical role of the CKs, AUX, and GA regulatory networks and their cross-talk in determining parthenocarpy in slicing and pickling cucumber genotypes.
Testing modified gravity with cosmic shear Harnois-Déraps, J; Munshi, D; Valageas, P ...
Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
12/2015, Letnik:
454, Številka:
3
Journal Article
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We use the cosmic shear data from the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey to place constraints on f(R) and Generalized Dilaton models of modified gravity. This is highly complementary to ...other probes since the constraints mainly come from the non-linear scales: maximal deviations with respects to the General Relativity (GR) + Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) scenario occurs at k ∼ 1 h Mpc−1. At these scales, it becomes necessary to account for known degeneracies with baryon feedback and massive neutrinos, hence we place constraints jointly on these three physical effects. To achieve this, we formulate these modified gravity theories within a common tomographic parametrization, we compute their impact on the clustering properties relative to a GR universe, and propagate the observed modifications into the weak lensing ξ± quantity. Confronted against the cosmic shear data, we reject the f(R)
$\lbrace |f_{R_0}| = 10^{-4}, n = 1\rbrace$
model with more than 99.9 per cent confidence interval (CI) when assuming a ΛCDM dark matter only model. In the presence of baryonic feedback processes and massive neutrinos with total mass up to 0.2 eV, the model is disfavoured with at least 94 per cent CI in all different combinations studied. Constraints on the
$\lbrace |f_{R_0}| = 10^{-4}, n = 2\rbrace$
model are weaker, but nevertheless disfavoured with at least 89 per cent CI. We identify several specific combinations of neutrino mass, baryon feedback and f(R) or Dilaton gravity models that are excluded by the current cosmic shear data. Notably, universes with three massless neutrinos and no baryon feedback are strongly disfavoured in all modified gravity scenarios studied. These results indicate that competitive constraints may be achieved with future cosmic shear data.
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