This article is a continuous dialogue on memory triggered by Brockmeier’s (2010) article. I drift away from the conventionalization of the archive as a spatial metaphor for memory in order to ...consider the greater possibility of “time” for conceptualizing memory. The concept of time is central to understanding the nature of human experience as a process in which a constant flux of change in organism, cultural and social practices is observed. Two categories of time have been explored, firstly the Aristotelian, physical time for an experimental paradigm, and secondly, the way in which we experience time in terms of autobiographical memory. The second category of time is discussed, drawing on Augustine and Bergson amongst others. Bergson’s notion of duration has been considered as a promising concept for a better understanding of autobiographical memory. Psychological phenomena such as autobiographical memory should embrace not only spatial dimension, but also a temporal dimension, in which a constant flow of irreversible time, where multiplicity, momentarily, dynamic stability and becoming and emergence of novelty can be observed.
Recently, the number of pregnant women of advanced maternal age（AMA）has been increasing rapidly. Women of AMA might be facing whether to undergo screening or invasive test to detect whether the fetus ...has an abnormality. This article summarized maternal-specific risks regarding advanced maternal age and explored the points of primary care for pregnant women and their partners from the result of our two studies.Our finding suggested that many women aware of pregnancy risks such as Down syndrome related increasing maternal age by surrounding children with Down syndrome and/or handicapped. But, most not aware risks in detail and a few not aware of the risks completely. While women often had discussion about testing with husband, some made individual choices and/or withheld information from husband. Nurses and health professionals need to adequately inform pregnant women about the genetic risk as their age and tests. Also, it is important to support for decision making process of the family.
The aim of this study was to clarify Japanese patients’ caring experiences through interactions with nurses. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 patients aged over 19 years who had been ...hospitalized. Four themes and seven subthemes were extracted using thematic analysis. Patients felt cared for when they perceived a “sense of security provided by the nurse’s personality” during their interactions, and realized that their “perception of the interaction depended on the pain.” The interaction of these experiences and “the trust that deepened through conversations” led to the overall perception of the caring experience provided by individual nurses. Furthermore, the patients experienced “unity in the nursing team” from the interaction with the group of nurses in their ward. These themes suggest that in addition to improving the attitude and expertise of individual nurses, it is necessary to improve their organizational skills in order to deepen the caring experience of patients.
This qualitative study sought a contemporary view of the development, facilitators of, and barriers to nursing scholarship in Japan from the perspectives of the scholars. In‐depth interviews were ...conducted with 13 scholars across Japan, which were digitally recorded, and the data were subjected to content analysis. Five themes emerged: a spirit of collectivism; a lack of nursing control; a lack of English ability; a high workload; and collaboration. The participants considered that culturally based consensus and communication behaviors, as well as the control and dominance by the medical profession, were hampering nursing scholarship. Furthermore, Japanese nurses were not in control of the profession in a period of unprecedented growth in university nursing education and a growing nursing shortage. A lack of English‐speaking and English‐writing abilities hindered collaboration with scholars internationally and the writing of international publications. Most of the participants felt unable to compare the extent and nature of Japanese scholarship with that of their Asian neighbors. The Japanese scholars need to grasp opportunities to learn English, collaborate with other nurses nationally and internationally, learn assertion and political skills to give them the confidence to take control of nursing education, and be more involved in research collaboration and international publications.
A questionnaire survey was conducted to explore the perceptions of changes in nursing care given to fathers before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The questionnaire included 31 items were used for ...pre and post-pandemic practices, and nurses were asked an open-ended question about what had changed.Factor analysis was used to analyze and 5 factors were identified："direct support for fathers to understand and care for their children；" "support to promote fathers' roles according to their beliefs；" "support for fathers to utilize social resources；" "support for fathers to enable them to support the mothers," and "support to connect fathers with their wives in the hospital." Direct support for fathers became more difficult, and nursing practice other than remote involvement was significantly lower than before the COVID-19 pandemic. Under these circumstances, nurses were required［actively engage fathers］to gather more information and innovate means to include fathers in nursing care. In addition, nurses,［in conjunction with other members of the interdisciplinary team］，were able to identify those fathers that needed to be more involved.Nurses need to provide fathers with support to promote the father role while addressing COVID-19 safety issues and assessing the needs of the affected child and family.
To meet contemporary professional standards, nurse educators must provide students with educational content that considers active learning strategies.
This study explored the process and challenges ...faced by nurse academics working collaboratively to implement an online problem-based learning course.
Collaborative action research.
This study was conducted with nurse academics at Yamaguchi University in Japan from May 2020 to April 2022.
Five Japanese nurse academics and two Australian academics participated in this study.
Nurse academics met regularly online to discuss issues and plan, act, and reflect on their experiences using Norton's (2001) five-step process. The meetings were recorded, and structured and written reflections from each participant were collected throughout the process. Data collected from the meetings and structured reflections were analysed to identify key themes.
In Step 1, the key stakeholders were discussed and issues were identified. Step 2 included planning a short seminar for the convenience of student participants, Step 3 involved the conduct of an online nursing ethics course (four sessions) for the students, and Step 4 included the evaluation. One year after the academics had completed their teaching, a discussion of future directions was conducted (Step 5). Through the collaborative action research process, four themes were identified: (1) creating a shared understanding, (2) adopting new paradigms for teaching and research, (3) learning and experiences while practicing, and (4) looking back and moving forward.
Despite some challenges experienced, the action research approach enhanced the curriculum development process, provided collegial opportunities to explore and learn together, and led to increased changes in the educational practice of academics, even beyond the collaborative action research.
In the UK and Japan, midwives provide health services for women with concerns about a genetic condition or who are considering antenatal screening. In both countries, competences related to genetic ...health care have been devised but there is little evidence about midwifery competence in practice. A systematic literature review was undertaken to determine the extent to which midwives are achieving the genetic competences that are prescribed for their practice. English and Japanese literature from January 1999 to March 2009 was retrieved. Original studies or reviews, in which an aspect of midwifery practice was related to genetic competences, were eligible for inclusion. After a critical appraisal, six UK and five Japanese papers were eligible for inclusion. The findings indicated that midwives are not achieving the competences, nor are they confident about their genetics knowledge. Moreover, women are not being supported to make informed decisions regarding antenatal screening. We have confirmed that little research is being undertaken in both countries regarding competency achievement in practice. Changes to midwifery curricula and further continuing education are required to ensure that midwives are able to provide effective care regarding genetics.
Asparagus (
Asparagus officinalis
L.) is a dioecious species, with both male and female individuals. Male plants are more desirable to cultivate than female plants because they have higher yields, ...and, unlike female plants, they do not have a weed problem resulting from fallen seeds. A male-specific DNA marker is currently available to identify the sex of asparagus individuals using total DNA extracted from cladodes and roots. However, no published method is currently available for DNA extraction and PCR amplification from asparagus seeds. In this study, we tested several heat-resistant DNA polymerases for PCR and several methods for extracting DNA from asparagus seeds and successfully established a method for identifying the sex of asparagus seeds using this male-specific DNA marker. We found that PCR amplification of DNA extracted from asparagus seeds using simple methods such as single-step DNA extraction requires the use of high efficiency DNA polymerase. By contrast, many types of heat-resistant DNA polymerases can be used for PCR amplification of high-quality DNA extracted from asparagus seeds using a commercially available DNA extraction kit. Our method for sex identification of asparagus seeds could facilitate quality checking of all-male asparagus seeds and accelerate the screening of super-male asparagus.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents a major public health problem throughout the world. The establishment of viral replicons has enhanced our understanding of the mechanism underlying HCV ...replication. However, the specific virus-host cell interactions involved in HCV RNA replication are not well understood. In the present study, we isolated several human hepatoma Huh-7-derived subclones with a range of HCV RNA replication efficiencies by end-point dilution. Of these, the clones HuhTe4 and HuhTe6 were observed to proliferate at the same rate; however, HuhTe6 supported a significantly greater degree of viral RNA replication. Using cDNA microarray analysis, a total of 36 genes (0.4%) demonstrated variable expression, with a ≧2- fold difference in expression noted between HuhTe4 and HuhTe6. Among genes that are implicated in a variety of functional categories, a subset of these differentially-expressed genes has a role in signal transduction and cell communication, including thioredoxin-interacting protein, Rab6B, sorting nexin 16 and UDPgalactose:ceramide glycosyltransferase. The genes identified in this study should be examined further to determine their roles in HCV RNA replication. The Huh-7 subclones identified in this study provide a tool for identifying novel host factors involved in viral replication.
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