An efficient power analysis attack countermeasure at the transistor gate level using novel nanoscale CMOS battery cells in a decoupling-based technique is presented. The proposed CMOS battery cells ...are used as decoupling elements between the gates implementing a sensitive operation inside a cryptographic module and the power supply rail of the integrated circuit. As a result, the battery cells form an intermediate on-chip power storage element, providing a masked power supply point for gates that are on a critical security path. The circuitry of the battery cells and the gates are designed using 65 nm TSMC CMOS technology. A test system was simulated with an 8 bit XOR serving as a target operation for a correlation power analysis attack. A total of 16 battery cells, two per gate for complementary cycles, were created with 1.74 µm2 P-type MOS transistors serving as energy storage devices. Results showed that the test system offered protection at 10 000 traces.
In this paper, we present a circuit that protects smart cards against differential power analysis attacks. The circuit is based on a current flattening technique, is designed using a standard ...0.18-mum CMOS technology, and can be integrated on the same die or in the same package with the smart card microcontroller. We evaluate the current flattening performance and the effectiveness of the protection against differential power analysis attacks. Our analysis is based on transistor-level simulations in Cadence environment using experimental current traces collected from an 8-bit microcontroller for smart cards executing DES encryptions. The proposed circuit effectively protects against differential power analysis attacks with small chip area overhead and limited increased power consumption during the encryption cycles.
The aims of this study were to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQL) according to: type of surgery, adjuvant oncological treatment and postoperative complications. We performed a ...retrospective case–control study between October 2013 and November 2014 at the Ear Nose and Throat Clinic of Cluj-Napoca. We included patients diagnosed with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer treated with total or partial laryngectomy, and a sample of healthy volunteers recruited from the hospital stuff. We used the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EOTRC) core questionnaires (the QLQ-C30 version 3) and the head and neck cancer module (the QLQ-H&N35). We included in the study 80 patients diagnosed and surgically treated for laryngeal/hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 20 healthy volunteers. Median age of the patients was 59.90 years. The most common location was the larynx, in 72 (90 %) of cases and the hypopharynx in 8 (10 %) cases. Sixty-six (82, 50 %) underwent total laryngectomy and 14 (17, 50 %) a partial laryngectomy. Forty-eight patients had received external radiation therapy, with adjuvant chemotherapy in 25 patients. Postoperative complication rates were 14 (17, 50 %) cases. We found a low score in total laryngectomy group regarding functional scales: role (28.03), emotional (37.75) and social (37.88) and a high score on insomnia (35.86) and financial difficulties (45.45). Partial laryngectomy group had a high score on functional scales: role (47.62), emotional (51.19) and social (52.38). These two QOL instruments were effective for Romanian patients. The QLQ-H&N35 questionnaire discriminating better the problems between groups compared with QLQ-C30.
The present paper studies the problem of uniform dichotomy for evolution families in general. We obtain a result identical with the one for differential systems in infinite dimensional spaces ...(Massera and Schäffer in Linear Diferential Equations and Function Spaces, Academic Press, New York,
1966
, Preda in An Univ Timisoara Ser Stiint Mat 17:65–71,
1979
), as well as the existence of a family of projectors compatible with the evolution family. This family of projectors has similar properties as the one obtained by van Minh et al. (Integr Equ Oper Theory 32:332–353,
1998
) and by van Minh and Thieu Huy (J Math Anal Appl 261:28–44,
2001
), but for evolution families with uniform exponential growth.
This paper presents an experimental investigation into the operating characteristic of residual current devices when in presence of a residual current at a frequency of 60Hz. In order to protect ...persons and equipment effectively the residual current devices are made to be very sensitive to the ground fault current or the touch current. Because of their high sensitivity the residual current circuit breakers are prone to tripping under no-fault conditions.
A novel method for pattern recognition using discrete Fourier transforms on the global pulse signal of a pulse-coupled neural network (PCNN) is presented in this paper. We describe the mathematical ...model of the PCNN and an original way of analyzing the pulse of the network in order to achieve scale- and translation-independent recognition for isolated objects. We also analyze the error as a result of rotation. The system is used for recognizing simple geometric shapes and letters.
Heavy alloys with 90 and 93 w/o W and a 7:3 Ni: Fe ratio are usually produced by the liquid phase sintering of W, Ni, and Fe powder mixtures. The result is a two-phase microstructure of spherical W ...solid solution grains embedded in a matrix of Ni rich solid solution. UTS, elongation, and microstructure strongly depend on the composition of the atmosphere during liquid phase sintering, on the cooling conditions and/or on the composition of the protective atmosphere during the heat treatment and its cooling conditions if treatment was applied after sintering. The sintering atmosphere is usually hydrogen. This can assure a proper densification but in the same time it can give rise to embitterment of W/matrix boundaries accompanied by a drastically decreasing ductility. In order to avoid this effect, heat treatments are applied in a neutral atmosphere (Ar, N2, Ar+N2, etc.) to completely or partially remove the hydrogen from the sintered material. This paper studies the effect of protective atmosphere and cooling conditions on the UTS, elongation and microstructure of the above-mentioned two heavy alloys.
Ciężkie stopy o zawartości 90 i 93%.wag W i stałym stosunku Ni do Fe wynoszącym 7:3 są zwykle wytwarzane przez spiekania z udziałem fazy ciekłej mieszaniny proszków W, Ni i Fe. Rezultatem jest dwufazowa mikrostruktura sferycznych ziaren roztworu stałego W, osadzonych w matrycy bogatego w Ni roztworu stałego. Wytrzymałość na rozciąganie, wydłużenie, i mikrostruktura silnie zależą od składu atmosfery podczas spiekania z udziałem fazy ciekłej, od warunków chłodzenia i/lub składu atmosfery ochronnej podczas obróbki cieplnej i warunków chłodzenia, jeśli zostało zastosowane po spiekaniu. Spiekanie prowadzone jest zwykle w atmosferze wodoru, która zapewnia odpowiednie zagęszczenie, ale jednocześnie może doprowadzić do zadrażnień na granicach ziaren W/osnowa, czemu towarzyszy drastycznie zmniejszenie ciągliwości. Żeby uniknąć tego efektu, obróbka cieplna prowadzona jest w atmosferze obojętnej (Ar, N2, Ar + N2 itp.), żeby częściowo lub całkowicie usunąć wodór ze spiekanego materiału. W pracy badano wpływ atmosfery ochronnej i warunków chłodzenia na wytrzymałość na rozciąganie, wydłużanie i mikrostrukturę wyżej wymienionych stopów.
Urban buses gearbox faults analysis Dan, S C; Mureşan, R D; Burnete, N
IOP conference series. Materials Science and Engineering,
07/2019, Letnik:
568, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Urban busses have to assure transport of thousands/tens of thousands/hundreds of thousands passengers, on short distances and in extreme working conditions that stress the transmission. The multitude ...and diversity of buses that are used in public transportation in the cities of Romania, the structure of available fleets, the different road categories that are used for public transportation and the way that public transport is organised - are all factors that influence different faults of urban busses gearbox. In these conditions, reliability and durability of transmission composing elements are affected considerably. This paper is the result of a study that highlights the gearbox faults that appeared in the urban busses of one of Romania's important public transport company. The data analysed in this study has been collected from the order vouchers prepared in the workshop, containing information about the supposed fault that caused the bus to be called for repairs and the actual faults that needed intervention by the personnel, the last ones being considered as faults and noted as such.
First experience and results with the LHCb Silicon Tracker Fave, V.; Bay, A.; Blanc, F. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
05/2010, Letnik:
617, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The LHCb experiment is designed to perform high-precision measurements of CP violation and rare decays of b hadrons. The construction and installation of the Silicon Tracker (ST) was completed by the ...summer of 2008. Here, we report on first results obtained using the data taken during injection tests (‘TED’ run) in August and September 2008.
LHCb Silicon Tracker DAQ and ECS Online Systems Esperante, Daniel; Rodriguez, P; Buchler, A ...
IEEE transactions on nuclear science,
2010-April, 2010-04-00, 20100401, Letnik:
57, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The LHCb experiment at CERN is designed to perform precision measurements of b quark decays. The Silicon Tracker plays a crucial role in reconstructing particle trajectories and consists of two ...silicon micro-strip detectors, the Tracker Turicensis and the Inner Tracker. The radiation environment and the magnetic field represent new challenges for the implementation of the Experiment Control System (ECS) and the data acquisition (DAQ). The DAQ has to deal with ~272 000 analog read-out channels and real-time DAQ at a rate of ~ 1.1 MHz with data processing at the Trigger Electronics and L1 (TELL1) board level. The TELL1 real-time algorithms for clustering thresholds and other computations run on dedicated FPGAs. After data processing the total throughput amounts to about 6.4 GB from an input data rate of ~ 337 GB per second. The ECS is based on the hierarchical finite state machine paradigm and allows distributed control access and multi-platform use. The ECS is able to control and monitor the detector hardware infrastructure (power supplies, DAQ electronics ...) as well as monitor the environmental parameters. It can also take automated actions on warnings or alarms. Finally a completely independent, hardware based safety system ensures the detector safe operation.
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