Podići svijest među zaposlenima u djelatnosti zdravstva o neophodnosti očuvanja njihova zdravlja i njihove radne sposobnosti jer su ključni čimbenici za kvalitetu zdravstvene zaštite. U bazi podatka ...PubMed ključnim riječima health staff, health workers i quality of care te na stranicama Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije (engl. World Health Organization, https://www.who.int/), Svjetske medicinske udruge (engl. World Medical Association, https:// www.wma.net/), Europske unije javnih službi (engl. European Public Service Union, https://www.epsu.org/) i Ministarstva zdravstva Republike Hrvatske (https://zdravlje.gov.hr/) pretraženi su podatci o zdravlju na radu osoba zaposlenih u djelatnosti zdravstva u kontekstu kvalitete zdravstvene zaštite koju pružaju. Praksa i u nas i u svijetu pokazuje kako rizici u zdravstvu po zdravlje i sposobnost za rad zaposlenih još uvijek nisu prepoznati na odgovarajući način niti se odgovorni prema zaštiti zdravlja odnose na odgovarajući način. I kako se prijetnja zarazom COVID-19 svladavala, dramatičnom je brzinom nestajalo zanimanje za stanje zdravlja i radne sposobnosti osoba zaposlenih na poslovima i u sustavu zdravstvene zaštite. Nacionalnim planom oporavka i otpornosti 2021. – 2026. u poglavlju o zdravstvu naglašava se da su ljudski resursi, stručni i posvećeni zdravstveni radnici i nezdravstveni djelatnici koji sudjeluju u pružanju zdravstvene skrbi i koji osiguravaju logističku podršku za nju najvažniji resurs našega zdravstvenog sustava, ali o očuvanju njihova zdravlja i podršci njihove radne sposobnosti nema ni riječi. U svrhu provedbe mjera zaštite zdravlja i sigurnosti na radu osoba zaposlenih u zdravstvu potrebno je dosljedno provoditi mjere specifične zdravstvene zaštite. Primarnu odgovornost za skrb o sebi snose sami djelatnici. Ako prepoznajemo vlastitu vrijednost kroz odnos prema sebi, možemo očekivati to i od drugih, možemo i zahtijevati od poslodavca.
Akademik Marko Šarić (1924. – 2019.) Mustajbegović, Jadranka
Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju,
10/2019, Letnik:
70, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Jadranka Mustajbegović Academician Marko Šarić, distinguished professor, prominent Croatian doctor, occupational medicine specialist, full member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts (HAZU), ...extremely active in the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH) as Board Member, and long-time director of the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health (IMI), died on July 22 in Zagreb at the age of 96. Professor Šarić was habilitated at the School of Medicine University of Zagreb in 1962 for the subject of occupational medicine, in 1966 he was elected associate professor and in 1981 full professor of occupational medicine and environmental health. Through his personal contributions in toxicological research, as an educator and academician Professor Šarić was for decades a leading figure in Croatian occupational health as well as that at European level. With research interests in the fields of occupational and environmental health including toxicology, epidemiology, exposure, and risk assessment, he authored over 150 scientific papers, and nearly 150 professional papers, reviews, criteria documents, and encyclopedia articles, as well as several books.
Work has numerous health and wellbeing benefits, but it also involves physical hazards and psychological exertion. Today the scale has tipped toward psychosocial factors. Workers' mental health ...affects their intellectual, emotional, and social growth, as well as work ability, productivity, and ultimately organisational productivity and competitiveness on the market. Even though companies may have an internal hierarchy that lowers stress at work, there are other formal and informal social processes that can affect (positively or negatively) the cohesion within the work unit. Safety culture of an organisation is a product of individual and group values, opinions, competences, and behavioural patterns that determine how occupational health and safety are implemented. Organisations that nurture positive safety culture understand the importance of health and safety and believe in prevention rather than dealing with consequences. Jobs that are stable, autonomous, and reasonably physically and psychologically demanding are far more likely to lower work-related stress and boost worker satisfaction. In fact, employee empowerment is one of the best ways to achieve good psychosocial health at the workplace.
Certain regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina were prominent
European sites of endemic syphilis. In 1934 and 1935 the School of Public
Health in Zagreb, later the Andrija Štampar School of Public Health,
...conducted two surveys on endemic syphilis in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The surveys were well-described in the monograph published in 1939
by the School, under the title Endemic Syphilis in Bosnia: Survey by the
School of Public Health in Zagreb (“Endemski sifilis u Bosni anketa Škole
narodnog zdravlja u Zagrebu”). This paper provides a description of the
publication for the first time, presents the most important data from it,
and explores its significance from the historical perspective.
The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC), originally developed in the USA, is used worldwide to assess patient safety culture in hospitals. A limited number of studies have provided ...data on psychometric properties outside of the US healthcare system. Our aim was to determine if all 12 dimensions of the US HSOPSC were applicable, valid and reliable to Croatian healthcare workers.
The study was conducted from September 2010 to April 2011. Questions were translated into Croatian and then translated back into English. The questionnaires (ie, the Croatian translation of the US HSOPSC) were distributed in unmarked envelopes along with a consent form to all the doctors and nurses in four Croatian hospitals. The responses were analysed using explorative factor analyses, reliability testing, and confirmatory factor analyses.
The study included 561 healthcare workers in four Croatian hospitals--a response rate of 32.69%. Our results are similar to the original US sample, but with some differences: 11 dimensions with acceptable reliability scores were identified by exploratory factor analysis compared with the original 12 in the US sample; five of 12 dimensions had a Cronbach's α higher than 0.7, suggesting a reasonable fit to the original US HSOPSC; the dimensions 'Staffing' and 'Organisational learning--continuous improvement' were found to have a Cronbach's α <0.6. The use of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a good fit to the original US model.
Results show that the Croatian translation of the US HSOPSC is compatible in 11 of the original 12 dimensions. Results suggest that for the purposes of research in Croatia, the dimensions 'Staffing', 'Communication openness', and 'Organisational learning-continuous improvement' should be revised. For example, the use of question A7 ('We use more agency/temporary staff than is best for patient care') in the context of European healthcare systems should be adapted or removed for the Croatian version of the US HSOPSC questionnaire.
Radni uvjeti, radni okoliš i sam način rada znatno utječu na zdravlje. Danas je relativno malo poslova definirano tjelesnim zahtjevima, a puno više mentalnima i emocionalnima, pri čemu psihosocijalni ...rizici postaju značajni. Uz brojne pozitivne utjecaje rada na zdravlje i blagostanje, mnogi su radnici izloženi i opasnostima, štetnostima te ergonomskim i psihološkim naprezanjima. Stanje mentalnog zdravlja zaposlenog omogućava razvijanje u emocionalnom, intelektualnom i socijalnom pogledu te ima odlučujuće učinke na radnu sposobnost, zahvaćajući ne samo način i ishode njegova rada nego i ishode poslovanja tvrtke ili ustanove, određujući njenu kompetitivnost na tržištu. Unatoč dobroj organiziranosti upravnih tijela tvrtke, što umanjuje stres na radu, neformalni društveni procesi utječu (pozitivno ili negativno) na koheziju unutar radnih jedinica i na osjećaj povezanosti radnika i organizacije. Kultura sigurnosti neke organizacije rezultat je individualnih i grupnih vrijednosti, stavova, kompetencija i oblika ponašanja. To, pak, određuje odlučnost i način vođenja programa za očuvanje zdravlja i za sigurnost u organizaciji. Značajke organizacija koje imaju pozitivnu kulturu sigurnosti su zajednička percepcija važnosti sigurnosti te pouzdanost u preventivne mjere. Rad koji omogućuje autonomiju, kontrolu nad svojim radnim zaduženjima, razumne tjelesne i psihološke zahtjeve te sigurnost od iznenadnih otkaza dovode do većeg zadovoljstva radnika i smanjuju stres na radnome mjestu. Danas se sve više ističe važnost različitosti na radnome mjestu. Potrebno je istaknuti kako je upravo osnaživanje zaposlenika jedan od najvažnijih načina očuvanja psihosocijalnog zdravlja
Work has numerous health and wellbeing benefits, but it also involves physical hazards and psychological exertion. Today the scale has tipped toward psychosocial factors. Workers’ mental health ...affects their intellectual, emotional, and social growth, as well as work ability, productivity, and ultimately organisational productivity and competitiveness on the market. Even though companies may have an internal hierarchy that lowers stress at work, there are other formal and informal social processes that can affect (positively or negatively) the cohesion within the work unit. Safety culture of an organisation is a product of individual and group values, opinions, competences, and behavioural patterns that determine how occupational health and safety are implemented. Organisations that nurture positive safety culture understand the importance of health and safety and believe in prevention rather than dealing with consequences. Jobs that are stable, autonomous, and reasonably physically and psychologically demanding are far more likely to lower work-related stress and boost worker satisfaction. In fact, employee empowerment is one of the best ways to achieve good psychosocial health at the workplace.
Radni uvjeti, radni okoliš i sam način rada znatno utječu na zdravlje. Danas je relativno malo poslova definirano tjelesnim zahtjevima, a puno više mentalnima i emocionalnima, pri čemu psihosocijalni rizici postaju značajni. Uz brojne pozitivne utjecaje rada na zdravlje i blagostanje, mnogi su radnici izloženi i opasnostima, štetnostima te ergonomskim i psihološkim naprezanjima. Stanje mentalnog zdravlja zaposlenog omogućava razvijanje u emocionalnom, intelektualnom i socijalnom pogledu te ima odlučujuće učinke na radnu sposobnost, zahvaćajući ne samo način i ishode njegova rada nego i ishode poslovanja tvrtke ili ustanove, određujući njenu kompetitivnost na tržištu. Unatoč dobroj organiziranosti upravnih tijela tvrtke, što umanjuje stres na radu, neformalni društveni procesi utječu (pozitivno ili negativno) na koheziju unutar radnih jedinica i na osjećaj povezanosti radnika i organizacije. Kultura sigurnosti neke organizacije rezultat je individualnih i grupnih vrijednosti, stavova, kompetencija i oblika ponašanja. To, pak, određuje odlučnost i način vođenja programa za očuvanje zdravlja i za sigurnost u organizaciji. Značajke organizacija koje imaju pozitivnu kulturu sigurnosti su zajednička percepcija važnosti sigurnosti te pouzdanost u preventivne mjere. Rad koji omogućuje autonomiju, kontrolu nad svojim radnim zaduženjima, razumne tjelesne i psihološke zahtjeve te sigurnost od iznenadnih otkaza dovode do većeg zadovoljstva radnika i smanjuju stres na radnome mjestu. Danas se sve više ističe važnost različitosti na radnome mjestu. Potrebno je istaknuti kako je upravo osnaživanje zaposlenika jedan od najvažnijih načina očuvanja psihosocijalnog zdravlja.
SAŽETAK: Prezentizam i apsentizam dio su kulture na radnom mjestu. Kulturu čine naša stajališta, mišljenja i sustavi vrijednosti, pa se može reći da je duboko usađena i u pojedincima i u radnoj ...organizaciji (npr. odjelu). To je «onako kako se to radi kod nas». Iako predstavljaju dvije krajnosti u ponašanju djelatnika, prezentizam i apsentizam imaju slične uzroke i posljedice. Apsentizam može prijeći u prezentizam i obrnuto. U radu se opisuju moguće mjere prevencije koje podupiru Nacionalni program zaštite zdravlja i sigurnosti na radu osoba zaposlenih u djelatnosti zdravstvene zaštite za razdoblje 2015.-2020. Moguće mjere su sljedeći programi: promocija zdravih radnih mjesta, Occupational Health Management i Employee Assistance Program, Health and productivity management programe, medicinske sestre s posebnom edukacijom iz područja medicine rada, fit-note, omogućiti adekvatno plaćeno bolovanje, skrining za zarazne bolesti za vrijeme epidemije, adekvatna popunjenost osobljem, supervizija i Balint grupe.
SUMMARY: Presenteeism and absenteeism are part of the culture in the workplace. The workplace culture includes attitudes, perceptions and values and therefore it is reasonable to say that it is deeply-rooted in both individuals and in a particular healthcare unit or department. In other words, the workplace culture means “the way we do things around here.” Although presenteeism and absenteeism are two opposite notions, they have very similar causes and impact. Absenteeism can become presenteeism and the other way around. The paper discusses possible prevention measures which are supported in the National Programme for the Protection of Health and Safety at Work of Persons Employed in Healthcare for the Period 2015-2020. Possible measures are expounded in the following programmes and activities: healthy workplace promotion, Occupational Health Management and Employee Assistance Programme, Health and Productivity Management Programme, occupational health nurses, fit note, ensured and adequately paid sick leave, screening for infectious diseases during epidemics, adequate staffing, supervision, and Balint groups.
Certain regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina were prominent
European sites of endemic syphilis. In 1934 and 1935 the School of Public Health in Zagreb, later the Andrija Štampar School of Public Health,
...conducted two surveys on endemic syphilis in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The surveys were well-described in the monograph published in 1939
by the School, under the title Endemic Syphilis in Bosnia: Survey by the
School of Public Health in Zagreb (“Endemski sifilis u Bosni anketa Škole
narodnog zdravlja u Zagrebu”). This paper provides a description of the
publication for the first time, presents the most important data from it,
and explores its significance from the historical perspective
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