Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions in atomic nuclei are sensitive to both nuclear shell structure and effective residual interactions. The nuclear GT excitations were studied for the mass number A = 42, ...46, 50, and 54 "f-shell" nuclei in ((3)He, t) charge-exchange reactions. In the (42)Ca → (42)Sc reaction, most of the GT strength is concentrated in the lowest excited state at 0.6 MeV, suggesting the existence of a low-energy GT phonon excitation. As A increases, a high-energy GT phonon excitation develops in the 6-11 MeV region. In the (54)Fe → (54)Co reaction, the high-energy GT phonon excitation mainly carries the GT strength. The existence of these two GT phonon excitations are attributed to the 2 fermionic degrees of freedom in nuclei.
Unbound states in C17 were investigated via one-neutron removal from a C18 beam at an energy of 245 MeV/nucleon on a carbon target. The energy spectrum of C17, above the single-neutron decay ...threshold, was reconstructed using invariant mass spectroscopy from the measured momenta of the C16 fragment and neutron, and was found to exhibit resonances at Er=0.52(2), 0.77(2), 1.36(1), 1.91(1), 2.22(3) and 3.20(1) MeV. The resonance at Er=0.77(2) MeV Ex=1.51(3) MeV was provisionally assigned as the second 5/2+ state. The two resonances at Er=1.91(1) and 3.20(1) MeV Ex=2.65(2) and 3.94(2) MeV were identified, through comparison of the energies, cross sections and momentum distributions with shell-model and eikonal reaction calculations, as p-shell hole states with spin-parities 1/21− and 3/21−, respectively. A detailed comparison was made with the results obtained using a range of shell-model interactions. The YSOX shell-model Hamiltonian, the cross-shell part of which is based on the monopole-based universal interaction, was found to provide a very good description of the present results and those for the neighbouring odd-A carbon isotopes – in particular for the negative parity cross-shell states.
Sufficient and well-balanced nutrients promote optimal athletic performance. This study investigated appetite and food intake in adolescent rugby football players before and during a summer training ...camp. Eleven male national-level athletes who took part in a 6-day camp participated in this study. To calculate their physical activity level, participants wore heart-rate monitors during simulated rugby game training and accelerometers at other times. All participants took photographs of the food they ate during camp. The meals provided in the dormitory were recorded with the weighed-food record method. Before and after the camp, an ad libitum buffet test was carried out to assess appetite. Although there was no significant difference between total energy expenditure and total energy intake during the camp (15730±1765 kJ·day−1 vs. 14838±1708 kJ·day−1, respectively), the mean energy deficit was −892±2,107 kJ·day−1 and 82% of participants had insufficient intake. Energy and carbohydrate intake in the buffet test were lower after camp than before (energy: 7122±1385kJ after vs. 8226±1329kJ before, P<0.05; carbohydrates: 250±47g after vs. 297±40g before, P<0.05). Over the 6-days of a summer training camp, adolescent male national-level rugby football players were in a negative energy balance and had insufficient carbohydrate intake. Additionally, rugby plays decreased energy and carbohydrate intake at ad libitum buffet meals at the end of camp.
Des apports nutritionnels bien équilibrés et en quantité suffisante favorisent une performance athlétique optimale. Ce travail étudie l’appétit et les apports alimentaires chez des joueurs de rugby adolescents, avant et pendant un stage sportif d’été. Onze athlètes masculins de niveau national ayant pris part à un stage de six jours ont participé à cette étude. Pour calculer leur niveau d’activité physique, les participants portaient des cardiofréquencemètres lors de l’entraînement simulé de rugby, et des accéléromètres en dehors de ces sessions. Tous les participants photographiaient la nourriture qu’ils prenaient pendant le stage. Les repas fournis au dortoir étaient enregistrés par la méthode de pesée des aliments. Avant et après le stage, un buffet test ad libitum a été mis en place pour évaluer l’appétit des participants. Bien qu’il n’y ait pas eu de différence significative entre la dépense énergétique totale et l’apport énergétique total pendant le stage (respectivement 15730±1765 kJ·jour−1 et 14838±1708 kJ·jour−1), le déficit énergétique moyen était de −892±2107 kJ·jour−1 et 82 % des participants présentaient une consommation insuffisante. Les apports énergétiques et glucidiques lors du buffet test étaient inférieurs après le stage qu’avant (apports énergétiques : 7122±1385kJ après le stage, contre 8226±1329kJ avant, p<0,05 ; glucides : 250±47g après le stage, contre 297±40g avant, p<0,05). Sur les 6jours de stage sportif d’été, les joueurs de rugby de niveau national, adolescents et masculins, présentaient un bilan énergétique négatif et une prise de glucide insuffisante. De plus, les jeux de rugby ont réduit les apports énergétiques et glucidiques des repas pris lors du buffet ad libitum à la fin du stage.
Informed consent (IC) is an essential requirement of ethical research involving human participants, and usually is achieved by providing prospective research participants (PRPs) with a document that ...explains the study and its procedures. However, results of a series of IC workshops held in Tokyo during 2014 indicate that consent forms alone are not enough to achieve full IC in regenerative medicine research due to the necessity of long-term patient-safety observations to meet the ethical challenges of such research. Adequate training of the people who are responsible for obtaining IC (elucidators) is also necessary to ensure full IC. Elucidators must be able to provide PRPs with sufficient information to assure adequate comprehension of the study and its potential aftereffects; judge PRPs’ voluntariness and eligibility; and establish/maintain partnerships with PRPs. The workshops used role-playing simulations to demonstrate how to effectively obtain fuller IC to members of several Japanese research groups preparing for clinical stem cell trials. Workshop results were correlated with the results of a 2013 workshop on what information is patients want when considering participation in iPSC research. The correlated results showed the need for continuous training and education of elucidators in order to have them acquire and maintain IC competency.Â
The low-lying unbound level structure of the halo nucleus 19C has been investigated using single-neutron knockout from 20C on a carbon target at 280 MeV/nucleon. The invariant mass spectrum, derived ...from the momenta of the forward going beam velocity 18C fragment and neutrons, was found to be dominated by a very narrow near threshold (Erel=0.036(1) MeV) peak. Two less strongly populated resonance-like features were also observed at Erel=0.84(4) and 2.31(3) MeV, both of which exhibit characteristics consistent with neutron p-shell hole states. Comparisons of the energies, measured cross sections and parallel momentum distributions to the results of shell-model and eikonal reaction calculations lead to spin-parity assignments of 5/21+ and 1/21− for the levels at Ex=0.62(9) and 2.89(10) MeV with Sn=0.58(9) MeV. Spectroscopic factors were also deduced and found to be in reasonable accord with shell-model calculations. The valence neutron configuration of the 20C ground state is thus seen to include, in addition to the known 1s1/22 component, a significant 0d5/22 contribution. The level scheme of 19C, including significantly the 1/21− cross-shell state, is well accounted for by the YSOX shell-model interaction developed from the monopole-based universal interaction.
The interaction cross sections (σI) of the very neutron-rich carbon isotopes 19C, 20C and 22C have been measured on a carbon target at 307, 280, and 235 MeV/nucleon, respectively. A σI of ...1.280±0.023 b was obtained for 22C, significantly larger than for 19,20C, supporting the halo character of 22C. A 22C root-mean-squared matter radius of 3.44±0.08 fm was deduced using a four-body Glauber reaction model. This value is smaller than an earlier estimate (of 5.4±0.9 fm) derived from a σI measurement on a hydrogen target at 40 MeV/nucleon. These new, higher-precision σI data provide stronger constraints for assessing the consistency of theories describing weakly bound nuclei.
The unbound nucleus ^{26}O has been investigated using invariant-mass spectroscopy following one-proton removal reaction from a ^{27}F beam at 201 MeV/nucleon. The decay products, ^{24}O and two ...neutrons, were detected in coincidence using the newly commissioned SAMURAI spectrometer at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. The ^{26}O ground-state resonance was found to lie only 18±3(stat)±4(syst) keV above threshold. In addition, a higher lying level, which is most likely the first 2^{+} state, was observed for the first time at 1.28_{-0.08}^{+0.11} MeV above threshold. Comparison with theoretical predictions suggests that three-nucleon forces, pf-shell intruder configurations, and the continuum are key elements to understanding the structure of the most neutron-rich oxygen isotopes beyond the drip line.
Novel nickel‐based catalytic systems for the CH arylation of azoles with haloarenes and aryl triflates have been developed. We have established that Ni(OAc)2/bipy/LiOtBu serves as a general ...catalytic system for the coupling with aryl bromides and iodides as aryl electrophiles. For couplings with more challenging electrophiles, such as aryl chlorides and triflates, the Ni(OAc)2/dppf (dppf=1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) system was found to be effective. Thiazoles, benzothiazoles, oxazoles, benzoxazoles, and benzimidazoles can be used as the heteroarene coupling partner. Upon further investigation, we discovered a new protocol for the present coupling using Mg(OtBu)2 as a milder and less expensive alternative to LiOtBu. Attempts to reveal the mechanism of this nickel‐catalyzed heterobiaryl coupling are also described. This newly developed methodology has been successfully applied to the syntheses of febuxostat (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that is effective for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia), tafamidis (effective for the treatment of TTR amyloid polyneuropathy), and texaline (a natural product having antitubercular activity).
New couples: Novel Ni‐based catalytic systems for the CH arylation of azoles with haloarenes have been developed (see scheme). Mechanistic studies as well as applications to the synthesis of biologically active compounds (febuxostat, tafamidis, and texaline) are also described.
BACKGROUND: Transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a serious, sometimes fatal, complication of transfusion. Granulocyte and HLA class I antibodies present in blood donors have been ...associated with TRALI. HLA class II antibodies have recently been described in a few cases of TRALI.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Donors involved in TRALI reactions reported to a blood center over an 18‐month period were tested for HLA class I and II antibodies as well as granulocyte antibodies, if HLA antibodies were not identified.
RESULTS: HLA class II antibodies were identified, in at least one donor, in 7 (64%) of 11 cases of TRALI. HLA class I antibodies were identified in combination with HLA class II antibodies in 5 of these 7 cases. HLA class I antibodies were exclusively identified in 2 cases. Granuloctye antibodies were identified in 1 case, and no antibodies were identified in another.
CONCLUSION: In addition to HLA class I antibodies, HLA class II antibodies are associated with TRALI. Testing of donors for HLA class II antibodies as well as HLA class I and granulocyte antibodies is recommended as part of the investigation of suspected cases of TRALI.
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