The article examines the problems that arise in railway freight transportation when determining the optimal size of rolling stock fleet under seasonal fluctuations in the volume of transportation and ...ensuring a certain reserve of vehicles. In order to optimize the number of vehicles in the fleet, it is necessary to find a balance between undesirable expenses for maintaining wagons in periods of falling demand for them (surplus supply of transport and logistics services) and unearned income from their lack (deficit) in periods of maximum growth of transportation volumes. The methodology and example of calculating the fleet of freight wagons, the efficiency of their use and determining the optimal number of rolling stock and the need for a certain reserve of vehicles are presented. It is noted that the railway transport of Ukraine was and continues to be one of the main types of transport in the transportation of goods and passengers. However, considering the long operating time of the rolling stock, more than 70% of semi-wagons and more than 80% of grain wagons require replacement or extension of their service life due to capital repairs. The role of railways is especially critical in the current period of russia's war against Ukraine, due to the lack of air transport, river and sea transport and the insufficient capacity of highways and border railway stations. Determining the required number and optimizing the number of vehicles in the fleet can be carried out according to the calculation methodology, which is based on the analytical determination of the minimum of the objective function of the total operating costs associated with both the deficit and the surplus of vehicles compared to the demand for transport and logistics services. It has been established that the application of this calculation method allows to optimize the inventory and working fleet of wagons taking into account the different cost per day of shortage and surplus of the fleet of wagons (supply of transport services compared to their demand). Compared to traditional methods of calculation, the proposed method saves operational costs for maintaining the fleet of wagons in the amount of 2-5%.
The article defines as a scientific problem that requires research the development of a sufficiently simple (for use “in field conditions”) methodology for calculating the capabilities of forces and ...means of response to man-made, natural and military emergency situations. It is noted that many researchers used the mathematical apparatus of the queueing theory, as well as process modelling with the help of appropriate software, for the theoretical analysis of similar tasks. It is shown that to solve the problem, it is possible to use a mathematical model of the M/M/1 type queueing system (QS), which takes into account the probabilistic nature of the processes of occurrence of emergency situations and response to them, while it was supplemented with an analytical method of calculating the parameters of the QS, which ensure the necessary capability of the forces and means of emergency response. The results of the study are suitable for practical use by emergency services to quickly determine the required number of rescue or repair crews, sanitary teams, vehicles, etc., their equipment and capabilities in responding to emergency situations and overcoming their consequences.
The overview article delves into the critical area of emergency logistics and supply chain management. Analyzing research conducted by experts in the field, the authors explore the potential benefits ...and challenges associated with the use of multimodal and intermodal international transportation of dangerous and perishable goods, and assess the potential challenges as well as the importance of emergency logistics for disaster relief and recovery. It is noted that traditional unimodal transport systems may be insufficient for swift and efficient response to emergency situations, which makes the integration of multimodal and intermodal chains an increasingly attractive alternative. Emergency logistics play a key role in ensuring the uninterrupted flow of goods during crises and disasters, especially when it comes to dangerous and perishable goods. One of the purposes of this article is to highlight the importance of vehicle diversification during such disasters. Multimodal transport involves the use of several modes of transport, such as road, rail, sea and air, under the direction of one transport operator or several carriers that cooperate in a coordinated manner. On the other hand, such transportation involves the use of standardized containers that can be easily moved between different modes of transport, offering increased flexibility and cost-effectiveness. The article provides an overview of the challenges faced by emergency logistics and the potential problems when transporting dangerous and perishable goods. It emphasizes the importance of building robust supply chains that can withstand disruptions and provide rapid response to effectively mitigate risks. The need to increase the stability and efficiency of emergency logistics chains is emphasized. The study aims to shed light on which approach offers the best balance between timeliness, adaptability and overall efficiency in the international transport of hazardous materials and perishable goods. The article refers to case studies and real-world cases of emergency logistics operations where multimodal and intermodal transport systems have been successfully applied. These cases highlight their practicality and effectiveness in mitigating potential disasters and minimizing the negative impact of accidents such as spills, explosions or spoilage, and the consequences of war. The authors note the special relevance of multimodal container transportation of dangerous and perishable goods, especially during the war that Ukraine is waging against russian aggression, since in these conditions the principle of logistics “just in time” is most in demand, and modern containers allow to ensure complete safety, speed and accuracy, and in necessary cases, the secrecy of the delivery of goods in the conditions of hostilities and other emergency situations.
The article presents a methodology for the distribution of available capacity of high-speed railways, in the conditions of equal access to the railway infrastructure of different participants ...of the transport market. This will allow maximizing the efficiency of using available capacity of high-speed railways, while simultaneously organizing freight and passenger transportation.
The article presents problems of combined traffic of passenger and freight trains on high-speed railway lines. It was established that one of the directions of ensuring the further growth of both ...freight and passenger transportation effectiveness is the increase of train speeds. Technological and operational parameters of the line under combined motion are considered and measures to increase the throughput capacity are proposed.
Collective monograph contains the results of scientific research devoted to the search for effective scientific and applied solutions for the operation of logistics systems. The problems posed are ...considered through the prism of technological and economic views, which contributes to the formation of the practical significance of the results of systematic research, which are highlighted in the monograph. Section 1 examines which multimodal logistics solutions in emergency situations and transport security threats have proven effective during the war in Ukraine. The given transport and logistics solutions can be considered promising from the point of view of integrative capabilities at a new level of transport competitiveness and defense capability. In Section 2, practical measures are proposed to improve logistics solutions in transport and customs services in international traffic to ensure the efficiency and reliability of the national economy. In Section 3, the impact of information provision of truck crews performing transport tasks on road traffic is investigated, and an effective scheme for information support of cargo delivery conditions is developed. In Section 4, solutions are proposed for evaluating the effectiveness of the ecological system project using the "discounted payback period" criterion, which takes into account transformational changes in its life cycle model. In Section 5, solutions are proposed that allow for a reasonable selection of the composition of consumers and partners for each enterprise, taking into account their characteristics and strategies of information interaction, ensuring an increase in the efficiency of the "consumer - enterprise - partner" system based on the criterion of profit maximization. The monograph is intended for practitioners who are engaged in the search and implementation of effective technological solutions in the field of logistics, in particular according to economic criteria, and scientists who investigate applied problems of the functioning of logistics systems. The monograph can also be useful to postgraduate and master's students of universities in the relevant educational and scientific profile.
The expediency and problems of gradual transition of Ukrainian railways to the 1435 mm standard of normal track gauge are discussed, due to the experience of Russian aggression and war against ...Ukraine, the need to strengthen its defence capabilities in the future, closer integration of its transport system with TEN-T and the need to attract additional volumes of transit of goods by rail of partner countries on the Caspian-Black Sea intermodal route between China and the EU. The first stage of the transition to the normal track width is the implementation of the Ukrainian high-speed railway project from the Black Seaports to the western border of Ukraine with Poland and the connection of this HSR with the TEN-T network, including the Rail Baltica project. The options of interaction between railway systems of 1435 mm and 1520 mm in Ukraine are discussed. A basic mathematical model is proposed for comparison of the options for technological solutions.
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