Objective:To investigate the antioxidant activity,total phenolic and total tannin content of the pericarp and the seed of Coffea benghalensis(C.benghalensis) and Coffea liberica compared to Coffea ...arabica(C.arabica).Methods:The antioxidant potential,total tannin and polyphenol contents of the immature and mature seed and pericarp of C.benghalensis and Coffea liberica were quantified and compared to C.arabica.Enhanced chemiluminescence(ECL).2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydruzyl(DPPH).oxygen radical absorbance capacity,Folin-Ciocaltcau method and total tannin content assays were used.Results:Trolox equivalent(TE/g plant material) values obtained by ECL and DPPH methods showed loose correlation(r~2=0.587)while those measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay were higher without correlation in each plant.A closer correlation was detected between the ECL method and the percentage antioxidant activity of the DPPH technique(r~2=0.610 7) in each species,however the immature pericarp of C.benghalensis showed much higher DPPH scavenging potential than was seen in the ECL assay.The immature pericarp of C.benghalensis expressed the highest tannin and polyphenol content,and a high polyphenol level was also detected in the immature seed of C.arabica.The immature pericarp of Bengal and Liberian coffees showed the largest amount of phenolic contents.Conclusions:The obtained data highlight the potential role of C.benghalensis as a new source of natural antioxidants and polyphenols compared to C.arabica.
Candida parapsilosis is a leading cause of invasive mycoses and the major cause of nosocomial fungaemia amongst low and very low birth weight neonates. However, the molecular and physiological ...characteristics of this fungus remain understudied. To advance our knowledge about the pathobiology of this pathogen, we sought to develop and validate an effective method for chemical transformation of C. parapsilosis. Chemical transformation is the primary procedure for introducing foreign DNA into Candida yeast as it requires no special equipment, although its performance efficacy drops rapidly when the size of the transforming DNA increases. To define optimal conditions for chemical transformation in C. parapsilosis, we selected a leucine auxotroph laboratory strain. We identified optimal cell density for transformation, incubation times, inclusion of specific enhancing chemicals, and size and amounts of DNA fragments that resulted in maximized transformation efficiency. We determined that the inclusion of dimethyl sulfoxide was beneficial, but dithiothreitol pretreatment reduced colony recovery. As a result, the modified protocol led to a 20-55-fold increase in transformation efficiency, depending on the size of the transforming fragment. We validated the modified methodology with prototrophic isolates and demonstrated that the new approach resulted in the recovery of significantly more transformants in 5 of 6 isolates. Additionally, we identified a medium in which transformation competent yeast cells could safely be maintained at −80°C for up to 6 weeks that reduces laboratory work and shortens the overall procedure. These modifications will significantly aid further investigations into the genetic basis for virulence in C. parapsilosis.
•Tracheobronchial injuries are rare but can become life-threatening conditions. A prompt diagnosis and early management can be lifesaving.•We offer an algorithmic of management and summarize the most ...important steps according to literature.•A high index of suspicion is required for diagnosis with most common symptoms being respiratory distress, subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax.•As CT is less informative, early laryngo- or bronchoscopic examination and prompt intubation below the site of the injury have priority.•Primary anastomosis is required with minimal resection. Earlier postoperative extubation leads to a better outcome.
Tracheobronchial injuries are rare but feasibly life-threatening conditions. A prompt diagnosis and early management can be lifesaving. Due to the unspecific symptoms and indirect radiological signs the diagnosis often delays.
We present a short series of patients suffering from tracheobronchial airway laceration. All the three patients had blunt thoracic or neck trauma and showed early signs of tracheobronchial injury. In the first case a 44-year-old woman was crushed by a bus. Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax on chest computed tomography and hypoxaemia despite of chest tube suggested the presence of an airway injury. During operation a 4-cm-long tear of the trachea and a complete transection of the right main bronchus were found. In the second case a 12-year-old girl was crossed by a truck trailer. Early signs were respiratory failure, extended subcutaneous emphysema, blood clot in the larynx, pneumothorax on both sides. Chest CT showed pneumomediastinum. During the operation a longitudinal laceration was found separating the two main bronchi at the bifurcation. In the third case a 9-year-old boy was injured in a car accident, when the seat-belt crossed his neck. Spreading subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and an overinflated endotracheal tube's cuff were found on CT. A completely transected trachea between the first and second tracheal rings was found. All three patients required fast intubation and bronchoscopic examination to confirm the diagnosis, and to identify the site of lacerations. All the patients underwent primary reconstruction and recovered successfully.
In case of suspected tracheobronchial injury, a high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis. Most commonly respiratory distress, subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax are found on physical examination. Prompt intubation below the site of the injury and early laryngo- or bronchoscopic examination have priority, as we did in our cases. A primary anastomosis is required with minimal resection during urgent operation. A better outcome is to be expected when extubation is done early after surgery. We offer ordinal steps that should be taken to lead to a prompt management and good long-term outcome based on the literature and our experiences.
Purpose
The aim of this work was to determine the characteristics of SOM decomposition under forest vegetation and to investigate the influence of soil mineralogy on SOM turnover.
Methods
Thirteen ...Hungarian forest topsoil samples amended with maize residues were incubated at 20 °C for 163 days. The CO
2
evolved was measured and the fast and slow decomposition rate constants (k
1
and k
2
, respectively) of SOM were quantified using a first-order two pools model. Linear regression analysis was applied between the quantity of total mineralized carbon (TMC), k
1
and k
2
values and the mineralogical parameters of the soils.
Results
The illite (
R
2
= 0.797,
p
< 0.001) and non-swelling clay mineral (
R
2
= 0.767,
p
< 0.001) content and the dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate-extractable Al (Al
DCB
,
R
2
= 0.708,
p
< 0.001) and ammonium-oxalate-extractable Al concentration (Al
OX
,
R
2
= 0.627,
p
< 0.01) reduced the TMC to the greatest extent. The Al
DCB
(
R
2
= 0.681,
p
< 0.001), Al
OX
(R
2
= 0.583,
p
< 0.01) and illite (
R
2
= 0.545,
p
< 0.01) contents had strong negative relationship with the k
1
value. The k
2
value was only affected by the non-swelling clay mineral (
R
2
= 0.467,
p
< 0.05) and illite (
R
2
= 0.574,
p
< 0.01) contents.
Conclusion
These results confirm that the mineral composition of the soil, including the Al oxide, non-swelling clay mineral and illite contents, may significantly inhibit the decomposition of SOM, showing that illite minerals may provide binding surfaces for SOM over a longer timescale.
Background
The aim of the study was to investigate the use of single‐pedicle advancement flaps in the fixed skin regions of the head, neck and paravertebral region in guinea pigs.
Methods
...Ultrasonography was performed on the guinea pigs to visualise the vascular anatomy of the looser regions of the thorax and abdomen and the more fixed paravertebral region and neck. Flap surgeries were then planned and undertaken on seven guinea pigs, with six having tumours on the lip, under the eye, the forehead, the neck or the paravertebral pelvic region, and one having a large paravertebral pelvic scar of unknown origin altering the animal's movement. The previously recommended 2:1 flap length:base width ratio was not enough in most cases, so larger flaps (3.5:1) were required.
Results
All seven single‐pedicle advancement flaps survived and healed with outstanding results.
Conclusion
The authors recommend to use reconstructive surgery in guinea pigs when there is a need to close large or difficult wounds, even on areas of fixed skin. Adequate arterial supply and sufficient venous outflow can be provided with larger flap length:base width ratios than previously suggested and can lead to full recovery.
The genesis of a suite of Jurassic (Lias) microbialites at the Úrkút black shale-hosted manganese carbonate ore body (central Hungary) is described by a two-step microbial formation model that uses ...mineral chemistry combined with whole-profile (up section) textural context and sulfur isotopic compositions of associated pyrite and barite. Petrogenetic analysis and paleo-environmental reconstructions show that the sedimentary regime of the Úrkút microbialites mostly behaved as an open system during deposition of black shale under early diagenetic conditions. Sulfur isotopes and other chemostratigraphic indicators, however, reveal that the Mn ore bed horizons reached semi-closed/closed conditions which modulated sedimentation rate and organic matter burial. Barite horizons within Mn-carbonate layers preserve δ34SVCDT values that average +22.2‰, with a maximum at +35.2‰. Barite formation occurred under semi-closed/closed conditions at diagenesis, and the Ba source is attributable to the decomposition of organic matter derived from plankton and other marine organisms, as well as transformation of biogenic silica. Pyritiferous horizons host equant, framboidal and euhedral morphotypes. The distribution and size of euhedral and framboidal sulfide habits is consistent with later diagenetic sulfate reduction under an oxic water column; more equant types occur at the contact zone of black shale and Mn-carbonate horizons. The microbialites of Úrkút bear strong similarities to ore bodies at Molango (Upper Jurassic, Mexico) and Tao Jiang (Middle Ordovician, China). Manganese supply and trace metal contents (Co, Ni, Zn, Cd and As) of the sulfides also point to the effects of distal hydrothermal fluid sources to the system.
Display omitted
•Manganese carbonate microbialites are explicable by a two-step microbial formation model•Úrkút Mn-carbonate ores bear strong similarities to Molango (Upper Jurassic, Mexico) and TaoJiang (Middle Ordovician, China)•Mn, δ34S values, and trace metals point to the effects of distal hydrothermal fluid sources
The objective of this retrospective study was to determine the complications of the first 30 tibial tuberosity advancement rapid (TTA-rapid) and 30 modified circular tibial tuberosity advancement ...(mcTTA) procedures performed by our team, and to compare the results with the findings reported in the literature. Our research was based on 30 procedures in each group. All dogs were client-owned. Data were collected only for the study of cases that had a minimum follow-up period of 3 months. Intraoperative (IO) and postoperative (PO) complications were assessed, with the latter divided into two subgroups: major and minor. Results obtained for the TTA-rapid group: IO complications 23.3% (7/30), major PO complications 13.3% (4/30), minor PO complications 16.7% (5/30). Results of the mcTTA group: IO complications 0% (0/30), major PO complications 3.3% (1/30), minor PO complications 20% (6/30). Comparing the complication rates, we found that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the occurrence of IO complications (P = 0.01054); however, there was no significant difference in the incidence of major (P = 0.3533) and minor (P > 0.9999) PO complications between groups. Our results are consistent with the findings reported in the literature and suggest that both techniques are efficient and carry a relatively low complication rate.
Mycotic Keratitis Due to Aspergillus nomius Manikandan, Palanisamy; Varga, János; Kocsubé, Sándor ...
Journal of Clinical Microbiology,
10/2009, Letnik:
47, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We report the first known case of fungal keratitis caused by Aspergillus nomius. Ocular injury was known as a predisposing factor. The patient was treated with natamycin and econazole eye drops, ...itraconazole eye ointment, and oral ketoconazole. A therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty was performed 16 days after presentation. A sequence-based approach was used to assign the isolate to a species.
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