Helicobacte pylori is a human pathogen, whereas the natural hosts for ‘
Gastrospirillum hominis’ and
Helicobacter felis are animals. ‘
G. hominis’ is occasionally found to cause infection in humans, ...whereas
H. felis only rarely infects humans. The pathogenesis of
H. pylori infection is not completely understood and in order to reveal differences in immune response to the three
Helicobacter species, the upregulation of adherence molecule CD11b/CD18, chemotactic activity and oxidative burst response of neutrophils after stimulation with
H. pylori, ‘
G. hominis’ and
H. felis sonicates, were compared. Like
H. pylori, ‘
G. hominis’ and
H. felis induced upregulation of CD11b/CD18 and chemotaxis of neutrophils. ‘
G. hominis’ demonstrated a more pronounced upregulation of CD11b/CD18, whereas
H. felis was the strongest stimulant of neutrophil chemotaxis.
H. felis was unable to stimulate neutrophils to oxidative burst response, whereas ‘
G. hominis’ activated neutrophils in a dose-dependent way similar to
H. pylori. ‘
G. hominis’ and
H. felis were both able to prime neutrophils for oxidative burst response similar to
H. pylori. In conclusion, we observed clear differences in neutrophil responses to different
Helicobacter species, which indicates that bacterial virulence factors may be important for the diversity in the pathogenetic outcome of
Helicobacter infections.
This work presents the advantages of using a hot-plate microscope for investigation of new (high-temperature) lead- free solders as in-situ analysis tool and preparation equipment. A description of ...the equipment and the preparation method is given and some examples are outlined. The formation of small AuSn-based, homogeneous and un-oxidized solder spheres will be demonstrated. Moreover the possibility of using this equipment as a sample preparation method to further investigation is shown. As example the equipment was used to produce samples for Vickers microhardness measurement of important phases of the Au-Sn system. The measured values are comparable to those found in the literature. An outlook to further research is also given.
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is a characteristic constituent of osteoclasts and some mononuclear preosteoclasts
and, therefore, used as a histochemical and biochemical marker for ...osteoclasts and bone resorption. We now report the isolation
of a 1397-base pair (bp) full-length TRAP/tartrate-resistant acid ATPase (TrATPase) cDNA clone from a neonatal rat calvaria
lambda gt11 cDNA library. The cDNA clone consists of a 92-bp untranslated 5'-flank, an open reading frame of 981 bp and a
324-bp untranslated 3'-poly(A)-containing region. The deduced protein sequence of 327 amino acids contains a putative cleavable
signal sequence of 21 amino acids. The mature polypeptide of 306 amino acids has a calculated Mr of 34,350 Da and a pI of
9.18, and it contains two potential N-glycosylation sites and the lysosomal targeting sequence DKRFQ. At the protein level,
the sequence displays 89-94% homology to TRAP enzymes from human placenta, beef spleen, and uteroferrin and identity to the
N terminus of purified rat bone TRAP/TrATPase. An N-terminal amino acid segment is strikingly homologous to the corresponding
region in lysosomal and prostatic acid phosphatases. The cDNA recognized a 1.5-kilobase mRNA in long bones and calvaria, and
in vitro translation using, as template, mRNA transcribed from the full-length insert yielded an immunoprecipitated product
of 34 kDa. In neonatal rats, TRAP/TrATPase mRNA was highly expressed in skeletal tissues, with much lower (less than 10%)
levels detected in spleen, thymus, liver, skin, brain, kidney, brain, lung, and heart. In situ hybridization demonstrated
specific labeling of osteoclasts at endostal surfaces and bone trabeculae of long bones. Thus, despite the apparent similarity
of this osteoclastic TRAP/TrATPase with type 5, tartrate-resistant and purple, acid phosphatases expressed in other mammalian
tissues, this gene appears to be preferentially expressed at skeletal sites.
Wienberg reviews Archaeology of Medieval Towns in the Baltic and North Sea Area edited by Nils Engberg, Anne Norgaard Jorgensen, Jakob Kieffer-Olsen, Per Kristian Madsen & Christian Radtke.
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