A new species of the genus
, recovered from the northwest of Iran, was described based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular data.
eshtiaghii sp. n. was characterized by its 1.45–1.68 mm long ...body, lip region offset by constriction and 13–15 μm wide, odontostyle 15–18 μm long, double guiding ring, neck 312–362 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 41–43% of the total neck length, uterus tripartite, and 111–189 μm long or 2.1–3.2 body diameters, vulva transverse (V = 55–58), tail similar in both sexes, conical with a dorsal concavity (30–44 μm, c = 33–56, c’ = 1.0–1.6), spicules 49–56 μm long, and 14–18 shortly spaced ventromedian supplements in front of the level of the anterior end of spicules, with distinct hiatus. It was compared to four closely similar species, with emphasis on the most relevant traits to distinguish them. Molecular phylogenetic studies using partial sequence of the 28S rDNA (D2–D3 segment) revealed that the new species forms a clade with other currently sequenced representatives of
, tentatively supporting the monophyly of this genus.
n. sp. collected from the rhizosphere of common wheat (
L.) in Roodghat area, Sufiyan, East-Azarbaijan province, northwest of Iran, is described on the basis of the morphological, morphometric and ...molecular data. The new species belongs to morphospecies group 6 of the polytomous key prepared by Loof and Luc, 1990.
n. sp. is characterized by having two almost equally developed female reproductive branches with spines in the tubular portion of the uterus, a body length of 3.67–4.25 mm, a flat lip region, rounded cephalic region, separated from body contour by a shallow depression, a spear 215–225 μm long, mid-body diameter of 60–79 μm, vulva (46–48%), a short tail (30–38 µm, c = 103–133, c′ = 0.7–0.9), conoid, dorsally convex, ventrally directed with a small terminal peg and a distinct terminal blind canal, the presence of four juvenile stages and the absence of males. The polytomous identification codes of the new species are: A4, B3, C5a, D6, E5, F4, G3, H2, I3, J4, K2, L1. In addition to morphological and morphometric data, molecular analyses of the D2–D3 expansion regions of the 28S rDNA gene placed the new species as a sister species of
(Group 5) with 65% Bayesian posterior probability and further separated this species from the other members in group 6. In this study,
,
and
were also collected and additional data for the species were provided.
Three Iranian populations of
are studied, including their morphological and morphometric characterization, molecular analysis (LSU-rDNA) and the description of the male for the first time. For ...comparative purposes, this species is distinguished by its 1.10 to 1.40 mm long body, lip region offset by constriction and 8 to 10 µm wide, odontostyle 7.5 to 10.5 µm long with aperture occupying 59 to 76% of total length, neck 300 to 362 µm, pharyngeal expansion 127 to 181 µm long or 44 to 46% of the total neck length, uterus simple and 38 to 53 µm or 1.2 to 1.5 times the body diameter long,
= 52 to 58, tail conical (32-38 µm,
= 32-43,
= 1.6-2.0) with rounded tip and a hyaline portion occupying 14 to 15% of tail length, spicules 30 to 32 µm long, and two or three widely space ventromedian supplements with hiatus. Both morphological and molecular data support its belonging to the genus
, whose monophyly is confirmed and to which the species is formally transferred as
(
) comb. n.
Two species of the genus
, one new and one known, collected in natural vegetation and cultivated soils in northwest of Iran, are studied.
n. sp. is characterized by its 1.22 to 1.57 mm long body, ...offset lip region by a constriction and 7 to 9 μm broad, 18 to 21 μm long odontostyle, 304 to 348 μm long neck, 133 to 161 μm long esophageal expansion, mono
opisthodelphic female genital system without anterior uterine sac, slightly backward directed vagina, absence of
,
= 47
54, rounded-conoid caudal region (17.5–23 μm,
= 65–84,
´ = 0.7–1) with saccate bodies, and the absence of male. Molecular analysis, based on D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rDNA (LSU), confirms the monophyly of the family Nordiidae and suggests the monophyly of the genus
, with the new species forming a clade with other Iranian species. New data are presented for six Iranian populations of
, and an updated key for the identification of
species is also provided.
Steinernema feltiae isolate IRAZ13 was recovered from one soil sample collected from the Arasbaran forests, Iran. The new isolate can be distinguished from other isolates by morphologic and ...morphometric data, and DNA sequences. The first generation male is characterized by spicule length 79 ± 5 (73–87) μm, SW ratio (spicule length/anal body diameter)*100 160 ± 13 (137–177), GS ratio GS (gubernaculum/spicule length)*100 79 ± 8 (62–87), genital papillae arrangement and the second generation male by a mucron 10 ± 1 (9–11) μm long. For the infective juvenile, the body is 883 ± 82 (754–975) μm long, lateral fields with eight equally developed ridges, head smooth, slightly offset, large gonad primordium cells, a long hyaline tail portion (equal to half of tail length), and pore-like phasmid at 41% of the tail length to the semicircle anus are the differentiation factors. Additionally, molecular studies obtained from the 28S-D2/D3 region and ITS1 rDNA sequence analyses and phylogenetic reconstruction further support this nematode as a different isolate.
One new and three known species of the genus
Xiphinema
from the rhizosphere of fruit trees and rose shrubs in East Azarbaijan province, Iran, are presented based on the morphological, morphometric ...and molecular characters. The new species is distinguished by its 2.0-2.1 mm long body, relatively flattened lip region with 8.7-10.0 µm width, set off from body contour by a deep constriction, odontostyle 82.5-88.0 µm long, V = 52-54, reproductive system didelphic-amphidelphic with symbiotic bacteria in the reflexed ovaries, tail conoid, dorsally convex with rounded to slightly subdigitate tip (42.0-43.5 µm long, c = 61-65, c′ = 1.6-1.8), and males unknown. The new species,
X. babaii
sp. n
., looks very close to
X. californicum
, and is regarded as its cryptic species, being separated from it using some morphological differences. Their separation was further corroborated using molecular data. Three known species belonging to the
Xiphinema americanum
group namely
X. primum
,
X. pachtaicum
and
X. simile
were also collected during present study, and new data were provided for them.
Xiphinema simile
is a new record for the Iran's nematode fauna. Molecular phylogenetic studies using partial sequences of 28S rRNA gene D2-D3 fragments were performed, and the phylogenetic relationships of the new species were discussed.
Entomopathogenic nematodes are an important component of integrated pest management programs. This study aimed to determine the interaction between abamectin, azadirachtin, indoxacarb, ...chlorantraniliprole, dichlorvos and metaflumizone with two isolates of
Steinernema feltiae
(Filipjev) for the control of
Tuta absoluta
(Meyrick). The effect of recommended doses of the chemical insecticides on survival of
S. feltiae
and infectivity against
Galleria mellonella
(L.) larvae as a model organism were tested. Dichlorvos and abamectin were highly toxic to
S. feltiae
. Moreover, azadirachtin was moderately toxic to the nematodes, but significantly reduced nematode infectivity on
G
.
mellonella
. In interaction tests,
S. feltiae
isolates were applied at LC
50
level, 0, 12, 24 and 36 h after larval of
T
.
absoluta
treatment with LC
10
or LC
25
of the insecticides. Out of 96 combinations the numbers of synergistic, additive and antagonistic interactions were 12, 57 and 27, respectively. Most of the antagonistic effects were observed when the nematodes were applied immediately or 12 h after the insecticide treatments.
A new species of the genus Crassolabium, Crassolabium persicumsp. n., collected from Arasbaran rangelands of Iran, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by its body 1.92-2.40 mm long, lip ...region offset by constriction and 17-19 μm wide, odontostyle 16-19 μm long with aperture occupying less than one-third (27-30%) its length, neck 428-690 μm long, pharyngeal expansion 369-390 μm long or occupying 54-56% of total neck length, female genital system amphidelphic, uterus bipartite and 162-218 μm long or 2.3-3.5 times as long as body diameter, pars refringens vaginae well developed, V = 54-57.5, vulva longitudinal, prerectum bearing a blind sac, tail conical with rounded tip to conoid (25-36 μm, c=60-69, c'=0.5-0.9), spicules 68-72 μm long, precloacal pair of supplements far (22-27 μm) from cloacal aperture, and 13-17 shortly spaced ventromedian supplements with hiatus. The new taxon is compared in depth to its relatives in Crassolabium as well as other similar species of Aporcelaimellus and Amblydorylaimus.
Summary
A new species belonging to the genus Aporcella, collected in cultivated soils of East Azarbaijan province, Iran, is described and illustrated. The new species is characterised by its 1.08 ...(1.05-1.15) mm long body, two-layered cuticle, lip region offset by constriction and 12 (11-13) μm broad, odontostyle 13.0 (12.5-14.0) μm long or nearly equal to lip region diam., neck 310 (293-325) μm long, pharyngeal expansion 137 (128-144) μm long, occupying 43-45% of the total neck length, female genital system didelphic-amphidelphic, uterus simple, 34-48 μm long, vulva transverse (V = 59 (58-61)), tail conical with finely rounded terminus (30 (29-33) μm long, c = 34 (33-36), c′ = 1.5 (1.4-1.6)), and male absent. Molecular analyses, using Bayesian inference based on partial LSU sequences, confirm the monophyly of Aporcella as well as its clustering with other dorylaimid taxa characterised by the absence of pars refringens vaginae. The taxonomy of the genus is updated, with an emended diagnosis, list of species, key to their identification, and a compendium of the main morphometrics of species/populations described since the last available revision.
The list of plant parasitic nematodes of the family Dolichodoridae, known from Iran, is updated. 81 species belonging to 13 genera and three subfamilies are included in the list. Data for 29 species ...are added, of which seven species viz. Neodolichorhynchus phaseoli, Pratylenchoides crenicauda, P. erzurumensis, P. utahensis, Scutylenchus paniculoides, Trophurus impar and Tylenchorhynchus variannus are new records for the Iranian nematofauna. The list of species, further information on their morphometrics, references, referring to full or partial descriptions, associated plants, geographical distribution and some taxonomic remarks are provided. More detailed studies on some doubtful populations are proposed. The information on the taxonomic position of species in different classification schemes, as well as, the tendency of the species to certain climatic condition or ecological niche are provided. Challenges on the reliable identification of this group of nematodes in Iran are discussed and finally, suggestions were proposed for future studies.
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