U radu se analizira primjena pravila Zakona o obveznim odnosima na ugovore i druge pravne poslove koji su uređeni Zakonom o radu. Osim što Zakon o radu predviđa podrednu primjenu pojedinih pravila ...Zakona o obveznim odnosima, njihova primjena također proizlazi i iz odnosa općeg i posebnog uređenja u području ugovornog prava odgovornosti za štetu. Stoga se različita pravila Zakona o obveznim odnosima mogu primijeniti na radne odnose u sljedećim slučajevima: 1. opća pravila koja vrijede za sve obvezne odnose neovisno o pravnom temelju nastanka, što znači neovisno o tome jesu li ugovorne ili izvanugovorne naravi, 2. opća pravila o ugovornim odnosima, 3. opća pravila izvanugovornog prava (odgovornost za štetu, stjecanje bez osnove i poslovodstvo bez naloga), a eventualno i 4. pravila o pojedinim ugovorima.
The notion of the written form of contracts and other legal transactions is analyzed in this paper. Historical development of formal legal transactions as well as the comparative law dimension of the ...form of contracts and other legal transactions are briefly addressed. The possibilities to acknowledge the legal effects of the written form in the case of electronic declarations of will are also analyzed. A particular emphasis is placed on different possibilities to interpret the relevant provisions of the Civil Obligations Act regarding the fulfillment of requirements for the written form if a contract is concluded electronically. The provisions of the German BGB are also discussed because of the fact that German law is to a larger extent adapted to the electronic declaration of will (declaration of will in electronic form and declaration of will in text form). A part of the paper relates to situations in which the parties to a contract agree that they shall conduct their business exclusively in written form. Although the provisions on the written form are of a mandatory nature, considering that they regulate conditions for the validity of contract, when the parties to a contract agree that a certain contract must be in writing, they actually exploit the freedom of contract principle. This fact should be borne in mind when parties agree that any modifications to or rescission of a contract must be in writing. If this is the case, the will of the parties should be taken into the account, because it is in accordance with the pacta sunt servanda principle, and there are no mandatory provisions that would nullify such an agreement. Naturally, the validity of such agreements can be challenged if they are contrary to the good faith principle or the prohibition of the abuse of right principle.
The notion of the written form of contracts and other legal transactions is analyzed in this paper. Historical development of formal legal transactions as well as the comparative law dimension of the ...form of contracts and other legal transactions are briefly addressed. The possibilities to acknowledge the legal effects of the written form in the case of electronic declarations of will are also analyzed. A particular emphasis is placed on different possibilities to interpret the relevant provisions of the Civil Obligations Act regarding the fulfillment of requirements for the written form if a contract is concluded electronically. The provisions of the German BGB are also discussed because of the fact that German law is to a larger extent adapted to the electronic declaration of will (declaration of will in electronic form and declaration of will in text form). A part of the paper relates to situations in which the parties to a contract agree that they shall conduct their business exclusively in written form. Although the provisions on the written form are of a mandatory nature, considering that they regulate conditions for the validity of contract, when the parties to a contract agree that a certain contract must be in writing, they actually exploit the freedom of contract principle. This fact should be borne in mind when parties agree that any modifications to or rescission of a contract must be in writing. If this is the case, the will of the parties should be taken into the account, because it is in accordance with the pacta sunt servanda principle, and there are no mandatory provisions that would nullify such an agreement. Naturally, the validity of such agreements can be challenged if they are contrary to the good faith principle or the prohibition of the abuse of right principle.
Dužna pažnja prema Zakonu o obveznim odnosima Slakoper, Zvonimir; Nikšić, Saša
Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci,
01/2023, Letnik:
44, Številka:
1
Paper, Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Odredba koja sudionicima obveznih odnosa nalaže postupanje s dužnom
pažnjom jedna je od osnovnih odredbi ZOO-a, pa se proteže na sve obvezne
odnose. Ta odredba navodi oblike dužne pažnje, pažnju ...dobrog domaćina,
pažnju dobrog gospodarstvenika i pažnju dobrog stručnjaka, ali ne određuje
ni način određivanja je li osoba postupala s pažnjom koja joj je naložena ni
pravne posljedice nepostupanja s tom pažnjom. U radu se ponajprije analizira
i prikazuje primjena ove odredbe ratione materiae, ratione tempore i ratione
personae. Potom se podrobno i konkretno, uz stajališta literature i sudske
prakse, prikazuju pojedini oblici pažnje, odnosno zahtjevi koje pojedini oblik
pažnje stavlja pred sudionike obveznih odnosa kao i primjeri kada ti zahtjevi
nisu ispunjeni. Prikazuje se način na koji se određuje je li određena osoba
postupala sa zahtijevanom pažnjom, a na kraju i posljedice propuštanja
postupanja sa zahtijevanom pažnjom. Uočava se veza između odredbi koje
pravne posljedice vežu uz zahtjev ili mogućnost znanja za određene činjenice
i obveze postupanja s određenom pažnjom. Iz te obveze proizlazi zahtjev ili
mogućnost za određenim znanjem, a s tim i pravne posljedice za osobe koje su
prema ZOO-u štogod morale ili mogle znati.
Tema su rada nova pravila o odgovornosti za materijalne nedostatke nakonnovele Zakona o obveznim odnosima iz 2021. Zakonodavna reforma posljedicaje implementacije Direktive 2019/771 EU-e u hrvatsko ...obvezno pravo.Hrvatsko je pravo i ranije razvijano pod utjecajem prava EU-a, pa su stogaautori prikazali povijesnu genezu pravila o nedostatcima u poredbenomkontekstu. Analizirali su pretpostavke i posljedice odgovornosti, posebnouzimajući u obzir reformu hrvatskoga zakonodavstva provedenu 2021. Primjerza to je hijerarhija prava kupca kada postoji odgovornost za nedostatke, kojeranije nije bilo u hrvatskom pravu, osim u odnosu na pravo na raskid ugovora.Prikazane su razlike kod odgovornosti za nedostatke ovisno o tome je li riječo potrošačkim ili trgovačkim ugovorima. Analizirana su i pravila koja uređujunedostatke kod stvari s digitalnim elementima. Na kraju su r autori ukratkoprikazali i promjene koje se odnose na institut jamstva.
Topic of this paper are new provisions on material defects after reform of CivilObligations Act from 2021. Legislative reform was a consequence of implementationof Directive 2019/771 of the European union in Croatian law of obligations. Croatianlaw was even before that developed under influence of EU law, and therefore authorselaborated provisions on defects from historical and comparative legal perspective.Authors have analysed conditions and consequences of liability for defectsparticularly bearing in mind reform of Croatian legislation that took place in 2021.An example for new rules is hierarchy of legal remedies of the buyer in the event ofdefects liability, which did not exist in the previous legislation, with the exception ofright to rescind a contract. Differences regarding liability for defects in the respectof consumer and commercial contracts have been elaborated. Issue of liability fordefect regarding digital content was also analysed. Finally, authors have also brieflyelaborated changes regarding the provisions on warranty.
Cijena kod ugovora o građenju Nikšić, Saša
Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci,
2024, Letnik:
45, Številka:
1
Journal Article, Paper
Odprti dostop
Cijena je kod ugovora o građenju posebno važan sastojak, što proizlazi iz velikog broja pravila koja uređuju način određivanja cijene kao i izmjene cijene nakon sklapanja ugovora o građenju. Posebnu ...pažnju privlače pravila o izmjeni cijene koja odstupaju od općih instituta ugovornog prava (izmjene ili raskid ugovora zbog promijenjenih okolnosti), a koji su sami po sebi iznimka od osnovnih načela obveznog prava (lat. pacta sunt servanda). U pravnoj teoriji sporna je i pravna narav nekih od tih pravila. Otvoreno je pitanje je li riječ o dispozitivnom ili prisilnom pravilu koje uređuje izmjenu cijene kada je ugovorena fiksna cijena. U literaturi se također problematizira trenutak koji je relevantan za određivanje promjene cijene.
The price is a particularly important element in a construction contract, which results from a large number of rules that regulate the way the price is determined, as well as price changes after the conclusion of a construction contract. Special attention is drawn to the rules regarding price adjustments that deviate from the general institutes of contract law (amendments or termination of contracts due to changed circumstances), which themselves are exceptions to the basic principles of law of obligations (pacta sunt servanda). In legal theory, the legal nature of some of these rules is disputed. The question remains open as to whether it is a dispositive or mandatory rule that governs price adjustments in the case when a fixed price has been agreed. Literature also examines the relevant moment of determining the price change.
HauptbeschreibungIn force in 70 countries around the world and covering more than two thirds of world trade, the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) ...is considered to be the most successful convention promoting international trade.According to many commentators, this success is due, among others, to the fact that the Convention does not directly impact on the domestic law of the various legal systems, as it applies only to international - as opposed to purely domestic - contracts. The Convention, in other words, does not impose changes in the domestic law, which makes it easier for States to adopt the Convention. This does not mean, however, that the Convention does not have any impact on the domestic law at all. This book analyzes - through 24 country reports as well as a general report submitted to the 1st Intermediate Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law held in November 2008 in Mexico City - to what extent the Convention de facto influences domestic legal systems. In particular, the book examines the Convention's impact on the practice of law, the style of court decisions as well as the domestic legislation in the area of contract law. Rezension"It can be concluded that this book provides extremely useful and groundbreaking comparative material for all academics, practitioners ans research students, from both civil and common law jurisdictions, who work and conduct research in international sale of goods law and who would like to be informed on the effect of the CISG in practice." (Orkun Akseli in J.B.L.(2009), Issue 6)"The CISG and it's Impact makes valuable contribution to the literature on the subject. The general report (Ferrari), as might be exoected, is very thorough and informative and makes significant additions to the reports of the national correspondents."
(Michael Bridge in The Modern Law Review (2009), 72(5), 867-881).
Due care under the Civil Obligations Act Nikšić, Saša; Slakoper, Zvonimir
Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci/Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci,
2023, Letnik:
44, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
A provision requiring parties to obligations to act with due care is one of the basic provisions of the Obligations Act, and therefore applies to all obligations. This provision states types of due ...care, care of bonus pater familias, care of bonus businessman and care of bonus professional, but does not define either the way how to determine whether certain person acted with required care nor legal consequences of acting without it. The paper firstly analyzes and presents the application of this provision ratione materiae, ratione tempore and ratione personae. Then, in detail and concretely, from the literature and jurisprudence standpoint, it presents individual types of due care, i.e. requirements that an individual type of care puts before parties to obligations, as well as examples of when these requirements were not met. Furthermore, the way how to determine whether certain person acted with a required care is discussed and consequences of acting without due care. The connection between provisions is distinguished, which ties legal consequences with a request or a possibility of knowledge of certain facts and provisions that require acting with certain care. The request for certain knowledge or a possibility to have certain knowledge originate from the later provision, and consequently legal consequences for persons who had to know or could know certain facts.
Odredba koja sudionicima obveznih odnosa nalaže postupanje s dužnom pažnjom jedna je od osnovnih odredbi ZOO-a, pa se proteže na sve obvezne odnose. Ta odredba navodi oblike dužne pažnje, pažnju dobrog domaćina, pažnju dobrog gospodarstvenika i pažnju dobrog stručnjaka, ali ne određuje ni način određivanja je li osoba postupala s pažnjom koja joj je naložena ni pravne posljedice nepostupanja s tom pažnjom. U radu se ponajprije analizira i prikazuje primjena ove odredbe ratione materiae, ratione tempore i ratione personae. Potom se podrobno i konkretno, uz stajališta literature i sudske prakse, prikazuju pojedini oblici pažnje, odnosno zahtjevi koje pojedini oblik pažnje stavlja pred sudionike obveznih odnosa kao i primjeri kada ti zahtjevi nisu ispunjeni. Prikazuje se način na koji se određuje je li određena osoba postupala sa zahtijevanom pažnjom, a na kraju i posljedice propuštanja postupanja sa zahtijevanom pažnjom. Uočava se veza između odredbi koje pravne posljedice vežu uz zahtjev ili mogućnost znanja za određene činjenice i obveze postupanja s određenom pažnjom. Iz te obveze proizlazi zahtjev ili mogućnost za određenim znanjem, a s tim i pravne posljedice za osobe koje su prema ZOO-u štogod morale ili mogle znati.
U radu se razmatraju pravna sredstva za pobijanje nevaljanih pravnih poslova. Prikazuje se razlika između pravnih poredaka u kojima se pobojne pravne poslove poništava sudskim putem u odnosu na one u ...kojima se pobijanje provodi jednostranim očitovanjem volje. Na temelju tog prikaza analizira se hrvatsko obvezno pravo, preciznije odredbe Zakona o obveznim odnosima, ali i drugih propisa koji uređuju pobijanje nevaljanih pravnih poslova. Također se upućuje na razliku prema pobijanju pravnih poslova koji su valjani, ali ih se pobija zbog oštećenja vjerovnika (tzv. paulijanske tužbe).
