Objectives. YouTube is one of the most popular video-sharing tools and is used as a forum for sharing information about experiences with new technology-based exercise programs, such as the wearable ...cyborg Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL). This study aimed to analyze the content and quality of HAL-related videos viewed by people to clarify the content required by YouTube viewers. Methods. We searched HAL-related YouTube videos and selected the top 100 most viewed videos. The number of views, video length, upload date, content, and uploaders of each video were recorded. In addition, DISCERN was used to evaluate the quality of videos. Results. Of the 100 videos, the most shared content was the training videos on HAL (n = 58). The videos uploaded by YouTubers had a significantly higher number of views than those uploaded by other uploaders (hospital, company, and municipality) (p < .001). Furthermore, they had significantly higher DISCERN Questions 16 scores, which serve as the basis for the overall evaluation of the publication’s overall quality (p < .001). Conclusion. HAL-related videos on YouTube, featuring the experiences and feedback of YouTubers who are HAL users, are favored more by viewers than by service providers.
Sarcopenia and frailty often worsen in older adults because of declines in activities of daily living and social connections that are associated with chronic diseases and traumatic injuries such as ...falls and fractures. Exercise intervention for sarcopenia can take >3 months to improve muscle mass, muscle strength, and walking speed. Thus, a specialized intervention system for shorter periods of time is needed. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the short-term efficacy of an exercise program using the wearable cyborg Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) lumbar type in physical function in mobility-limited older adults who do not require transition to long-term care.
This randomized, single-blind, parallel-group study involved 79 community-dwelling older adults with physical frailty or locomotive syndrome assigned to an intervention group (n = 40) with the HAL lumbar type exercise program or a control group (n = 39) without the exercise program. The intervention group underwent trunk training (including trunk and hip flexion, standing and sitting from a single sitting position, and squats) and gait training (treadmill and parallel bars) twice a week for 5 weeks while wearing the HAL lumbar type. The 10-m usual and maximum walking speeds, Timed Up and Go test results, 5-times chair-standing test results, 5-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-5) scores, body-fat percentage, and muscle mass were measured before and after the intervention and analyzed using the intention-to-treat method.
The intervention (23 % male; mean age, 74.7 ± 4.7 years) and control (21 % male; mean age, 75.1 ± 4.1 years) groups did not differ significantly in baseline characteristics. Seventy-seven participants completed the program; two withdrew for personal reasons. The mean difference (standard error) between the groups for the primary outcome (usual walking speed) was 0.35 (0.04) m/s; the time-by-group interaction was significant (p < 0.001). Secondary outcomes (maximum walking speed, Timed Up and Go test results, 5-times chair-standing test results, and GLFS-5 scores) significantly improved in the intervention group. Body composition was unchanged in both groups.
A 5-week exercise program using the HAL lumbar type is a promising option for community-dwelling older adults with limited mobility who do not require nursing care, resulting in clinically meaningful improvements in most physical functions within a short period.
•We tested the short-term efficacy of an exercise program with a HAL lumbar type.•Mobility function improved in those with physical frailty or locomotive syndrome.•Most physical functions improved clinically within a short period of 5 weeks.
Posterior tibial translation (PTT) after double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction has sometimes occurred. Purpose of this study is to identify the risk factors for postoperative ...PTT after double-bundle PCL reconstruction with a hamstring autograft. Comparing the results of bilateral gravity sag view (GSV) at 12 months after surgery, over 5-mm PTT was defined as 'failure' in this study. Of 26 isolated PCL reconstruction cases, over 5-mm PTT was seen in 7 cases (group F: 9.57 ± 1.28 mm), and 19 cases had less than 5 mm (group G: 2.84 ± 1.29 mm). Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), preoperative GSV, posterior slope angle of the tibia, anterolateral bundle (ALB) and posteromedial bundle (PMB) graft diameters, and tibial tunnel diameter were evaluated. The two groups were compared with the 2 × 2 chi-squared test, the Mann Whitney U-test, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was also performed to determine the risk factor. Statistical significance was indicated as p < 0.01 for correlation with postoperative PTT, and as p < 0.05 for all other comparisons. Mean age (group G 31.8 ± 12.5 vs group F 34.9 ± 15.9 years), sex (male/female: 15/4 vs 3/4), BMI (25.6 ± 4.6 vs 24.9 ± 3.9 kg/m
), preoperative GSV (11.3 ± 2.2 vs 11.6 ± 2.9 mm), PMB diameter (5.37 ± 0.33 vs 5.36 ± 0.48 mm), and tibial tunnel diameter (9.32 ± 0.58 vs 9.29 ± 0.49 mm) showed no significant differences. ALB diameter was significantly greater in group G (7.0 ± 0.5 mm) than in group F (6.5 ± 0.29 mm; p = 0.022). There was also a significant difference in posterior tibial slope angle (group G 9.19 ± 1.94 vs group F 6.54 ± 1.45, p = 0.004). On Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis, ALB diameter GSV (correlation coefficient: - 0.561, p = 0.003) and posterior tibial slope angle (correlation coefficient: - 0.533, p = 0.005) showed a significant correlation with postoperative PTT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ALB diameter (OR 19.028; 95% CI 1.082-334.6; p = 0.044) and posterior slope angle of tibia (OR 3.081; 95% CI 1.109-8.556; p = 0.031) were independently associated with postoperative PTT, respectively. In double-bundle PCL reconstruction with hamstring, smaller ALB graft diameter and lower (flatted) tibial slope angle were considered risk factors for postoperative PTT.
Bone tunnel enlargement following primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with soft tissue graft might be a severe disadvantage for revision surgery. The postoperative rehabilitation ...protocol including the non-weight-bearing periods were different depending on the surgeon or institute. To determine the relationship between femoral bone tunnel enlargement and the postoperative non-weight-bearing period after double-bundle ACL reconstruction with hamstring grafts.
Forty-two patients who underwent primary double-bundle ACL reconstruction with hamstring grafts were divided into two postoperative non-weight-bearing protocol groups: 1-week non-weight-bearing postoperatively (group A, n = 19); and 2-week non-weight-bearing (group B, n = 18). Five cases were excluded due to additional knee injury, pregnancy, and lost to follow-up. Bone tunnel enlargement was evaluated by computed digital radiographs (anteroposterior (A-P) and lateral views) taken on the first postoperative day and at 12 months. Each tunnel diameter was shown as a percentage to the maximum joint width of the proximal tibia in the A-P view, or a percentage of the maximum diameter of the patella in the lateral view. To determine the incidence of tunnel enlargement, percentage diameter changes of more than 10% were defined as an enlarged tunnel. The magnitude of tunnel enlargement and the standard clinical evaluation were also evaluated.
There were no significant differences between groups in the incidences of anteromedial and posterolateral bone tunnel enlargement, both in the A-P and lateral views (2 × 2 Chi-squared test). The magnitude of femoral posterolateral bone tunnel enlargement was significantly greater in group A in the A-P view (p = 0.01) and lateral view (p = 0.03) (Mann Whitney U-test). Twelve months after surgery, the Lysholm score and Tegner activity level scale were not significantly different between the groups.
This prospective, clinical and radiographical study showed that early weight-bearing protocol after double-bundle ACL reconstruction with hamstring grafts might have the potential risk of significant postoperative femoral bone tunnel enlargement of the posterolateral bundle. There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes by postoperative non-weight-bearing period. To reduce and prevent the femoral bone tunnel enlargement, the comprehensive management could be considered and required to establish the suitable early stage rehabilitation protocol after surgery.
Trial registration number; UMIN000036212 . Scientific title: Prospective comparisons of femoral tunnel enlargement with two different postoperative non weight bearing periods after double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring grafts. Registered date: 15 Mar 2019 (retrospectively registered).
Recently, cryotherapy has become a common practice for postoperative pain management. The current accepted practice in Japan is the use of cryotherapy at 5 °C after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. ...However, this therapy has been reported to be highly intense because the sustained low temperature causes discomfort for patients. The optimum temperature and duration of cooling required for comfortable and effective cryotherapy after arthroscopic shoulder surgery were investigated.
Because pain levels might differ depending on the condition, we selected 52 patients with rotator cuff injuries, which were the most common disorders indicated for arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Patients were treated with cryotherapy at 5 °C or 10 °C for 16 h or 24 h. The pain level was determined using the visual analogue scale, and deep shoulder joint temperatures were recorded at different time points for analysis.
Pain after arthroscopic shoulder surgery was found to be related to the presence of a brachial plexus block using the interscalene approach during surgical anesthesia. To obtain effective analgesia with cryotherapy, the cooling temperature and duration of cryotherapy had to be changed based on the presence or absence of the brachial plexus block. Patients who received brachial plexus blocks had the lowest recorded pain scores after receiving cryotherapy at 5 °C for 24 h after surgery. Patients who did not receive the block had the lowest recorded pain scores when receiving cryotherapy at either 5 °C for 16 h or 10 °C for 24 h.
Using universal cryotherapy intensity and duration settings regardless of the use of other interventions is likely to unintentionally increase postoperative pain levels. This study revealed that cryotherapy at 5 °C for 24 h was optimal for patients who received an anesthesia block and at 5 °C for 16 h or at 10 °C for 24 h for those who did not receive the anesthesia block. These results can be used as a reference for setting the temperature and duration of cryotherapy after arthroscopic shoulder surgery.
Micro-X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption fine structure (µ-XRF-XAFS) is one of the most powerful tools to identify the distribution and speciation of trace elements in natural samples with µm ...spatial resolution. However, conventional µ-XRF-XAFS studies applied to rare earth elements (REEs: lanthanide elements + Y in this study) are mainly limited to their L-edges and L lines (except for Y) that are subject to strong interferences from other elements (mainly transition metals). In this study, we extend µ-XRF-XAFS to the higher energy region (HE-µ-XRF-XAFS) by using an incident X-ray microbeam (size: ca. 1 × 1 µm2) between 38 and 54 keV to realize K-edge excitation lanthanide analysis without interferences from other elements at the BL37XU beamline, SPring-8 (Japan). This method enables us to simultaneously analyze (i) REE patterns (from La to Dy), (ii) XAFS spectra, and (iii) µm-scale distribution of each REE in the natural sample. The proposed method also realizes the simultaneous application of µ-XAFS at low (e.g., Fe K-edge) and high (lanthanide K-edges) energy at the same spot without changing the setup of the µ-XRF-XAFS system using the detuning technique.
The corrosion protection behavior of an inorganic zinc-rich paint (IZRP) layer on steel after exposure for five years in Okinawa, relatively high-chloride atmosphere, was studied. Zinc particles were ...uniformly dissolved in the IZRP-coated steel, independent of the distance from the IZRP surface. From XRD, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy and EPMA analyses, Zn5(OH)8Cl2H2O and ZnO were generated in the entire corrosion layer. Mg and Ca were observed in the outer area. We proposed the corrosion process of IZRP-coated steel from a detailed analysis of the corrosion products.
This study investigated the effects of Ni addition on the corrosion resistance of steel in subtropical seashore environments. Carbon steel and 3, 5, and 7% Ni steels were exposed in such an ...environment for a year. Addition of Ni depressed the corrosion rate of steels and number of cracks in the rust layer. Quantitative and three-dimensional measurement of the cracks with a wide range of widths and volumes in the rust layer was carried out for the exposed steel specimens using the mercury intrusion method. The total crack volume in the rust layers on 5% Ni steel was 60% lower than that for the carbon steel. It is considered that rust layers with less crack volume suppressed Cl– migration through the rust layer. The Cl concentration near the metal interface was relatively lower in the 5% Ni steel by EPMA analysis. And the rust layer on 5% Ni steel also showed a higher permeation resistance than that formed on carbon steel. Considering the formation of rust layers with less volume crack on Ni-added steel based on Morcillo’s model, it is concluded that the Ni addition promoted the formation of a-FeOOH and suppressed the reduction of γ- and β-FeOOH, thus resulting in a more intact rust layer.
Accurate determination of cerium (Ce) valence state is important for interpreting the Ce anomaly in geological archives for (paleo)redox reconstruction. However, the routine application of Ce L3-edge ...X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy for detecting trace Ce in geological samples can often be restricted by coexisting titanium (Ti) due to the proximity of their fluorescence emission lines. Therefore, the signal-to-noise ratio of Ce L3-edge XANES spectra may not be sufficiently high for high-quality spectroscopic analysis. This study introduces a semi-quantitative approach appropriate for Ti-rich, Ce-dilute geological materials by synchrotron-based X-ray measurement at the Ce L2-edge. First, the results confirm that Ce L2-edge XANES spectra are able to avoid overlapping Ti Kβ emissions and provide more reliable information on the Ce valence state in Ti-rich materials relative to L3-edge XANES. Moreover, the application of transition-edge sensor (TES) could reach the higher sensitivity with better energy resolution than conventional silicon drift detector (SDD) to detect fluorescence X-ray (Ce Lβ1). The investigation on bauxites developed from the Columbia River Basalts shows that combining Ce L2-edge XANES and TES allows for resolving weak Ce fluorescence lines at the L2-edge from Ti-rich, Ce-dilute samples (Ti/Ce mass ratio up to ∼6000, tens of ppm Ce). The outcome emphasizes the practical possibility of investigating Ce redox state in Ti-rich geological samples.
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•TES detectors reach much higher energy resolution as compared to SDD detectors.•This paves the way for probing Ce oxidation state in Ti-rich geological samples.•Cerium L2-edge XANES-LCF using a TES detector could be achieved for Ti/Ce up to 6000.
ObjectivesMedical examinations for adult elite athletes are performed all over the world, however, no studies in the relevant English literature have reported on orthopaedic medical examinations for ...young amateur athletes. The purpose of this study was to report the results of orthopaedic medical examinations of the spine and lower extremities in young amateur athletes.MethodsThis repeated cross-sectional study from 2014 to 2018 included a total of 323 young amateur athletes (age, 12–18 years) who were active in one of the following four sports: boxing, canoeing, weightlifting and track and field. The orthopaedic medical examination consisted of six assessments (physical examinations, the generalised joint laxity, muscle and joint tightness, static alignment and muscle volume of the lower extremities and the medial longitudinal arch of the foot). Questions regarding pain in the spine and lower extremities were also performed.ResultsAmong 323 young amateur athletes, 17 (5.3%) had received orthopaedic treatment at the time of the medical examination, with spondylolysis being the most common cause (29.4%, 5/17). Among 306 young athletes who had not received orthopaedic treatment, 61 (19.9%) had at least one positive finding in physical examinations or had pain in the spine or lower extremities. Anterior drawer test of the ankle and Kemp test for the spine accounted for 34% and 28% of positive findings, respectively. Low back pain and knee pain accounted for 58% and 16% of pain, respectively.ConclusionsThe present study showed that approximately one-fifth of young amateur athletes who had not received orthopaedic treatment had pain in the spine and lower extremities and positive findings in physical examinations that may require orthopaedic treatments. In addition to the early detection of injuries, orthopaedic medical examinations for young amateur athletes provide an opportunity to educate such athletes.
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