The effects of bezafibrate (PPARα activator) and troglitazone (PPARγ activator) on the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) in HepG2 cells were investigated. Exposure of the ...cells for 24 hours to either oleic acid or insulin showed no obvious effects on PAI-1 synthesis, whereas the combination of the two agents induced a 2.3-fold increase in PAI-1 synthesis, which was accompanied by a 3-fold increase in both the 2.2 kb and 3.2 kb forms of PAI-1 mRNA. This up-regulation of PAI-1 synthesis was attenuated by bezafibrate in a dose-dependent manner (1–100 μM) with 30 % reversal at 100 μM. In contrast, troglitazone further stimulated PAI-1 synthesis to 140 % of the level obtained in the presence of both oleic acid and insulin. This attenuation by bezafibrate and enhancement by troglitazone required the presence of both oleic acid and insulin. It is interesting that PAI-1 expression was affected so differently by these two PPAR activators.
Judo is one of the most widely practiced sports in the world. In the US, however, other sports like tennis, golf, or basketball are more popular. Consequently, there is very little judo-related ...renearch published in the contemporary scholarly literature, particularly in English. Research in other sports has shown that stress, confidence, and personality are important factors in predicting athletic performance, and this information has been used to help athletes perform better. This line of research is no less important for judo athletes. The prenent study is a first attempt to test whether anxiety, confidenc, and personality are related to performance in judo athletes. Elite and non-elite judo athleted measures assessing anxiety and confidence before competition. Elite athletes also completed a measure of personality and provied competitive performance data. Elite athletes also cfd more confidence than non-elite athletes and normative samples. Several psychological variables predicted performance measures and anxiety was correlated with less confidence in both elite and non-elite athletes. Applications of these results for both coaches and athletes are discussed.
The behavior of 1 : 1 inclusion complexes between cyclodextrins (CyD) and bencyclane (Ben) in a two-liquid-phase system of octanol and water was quantitatively investigated by measurement of ...partition coefficients (PC method). It was found that octanol partially prevents the formation of CyD·Ben complex and the apparent formation constant (K') was calculated from the apparent partition coefficient (P*). This phenomenon was also observed in general with CyD 1 : 1 inclusion complexes of various drugs. The corrected formation constants (K) of these complexes in the aqueous phase were determined from the K' values by applying the equilibrium equations.
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