The existing resistance genes against white rust disease are often ineffective due to racial variation of the causal fungal pathogen, Albugo candida. Therefore, new sources of resistance effective ...against multiple races are needed for durable resistance. Large-scale phenotyping of advanced introgressed (ILs), mutant, and resynthesized (RBJ) lines of Brassica juncea L., under artificial inoculation at cotyledonary and true leaf stages, against thirteen diverse isolates of Albugo candida and simultaneously at the adult plant stage under multi-location field evaluation from 2019–2022, revealed significant differences in white rust reactions. Amongst 194 introgressed lines, three lines, namely ERJ 39, ERJ 12, and ERJ 15, and three lines among 90 resynthesized and 9 mutant lines, including RBJ 18, DRMR 18-36-12, and DRMR 18-37-13, were identified as potential sources of resistance against multiple isolates at all three developmental stages of the plant. Furthermore, correlation and principal component analysis revealed a positive correlation between white rust resistance at true leaf and adult plant stages for ILs as well as mutant and RBJ lines. These novel sources of host resistance will play vital roles are required for the mustard improvement program and to establish a strong genetic and molecular foundation for identifying white rust resistance linked marker(s), QTLs, or gene(s) for sustainable disease management in India.
Isolates of
Trichoderma species from hot arid regions, fungicides and their combinations were evaluated for the management of ber fruit rot at post-harvest stage. Out of 16 isolates of
Trichoderma ...species, six isolates checked growth of mycelia of
Alternaria alternata by more than 55%. A distinct variation in the inherent level of resistance in these six isolates was recorded against 13 common fungicides. None of the
Trichoderma species grew in PDA amended with carbendazim even at a very low concentration. In contrast, 100 per cent radial growth was observed in
Trichoderma citrinoviride isolate
T.c-CIAH224 in the presence of copper oxychloride (250
μg
g
−1) and mancozeb (100
μg
g
−1) in PDA medium. Isolate
T.v-CIAH240 was antagonistic against
A. alternata and tolerant to most of the fungicides tested. This isolate was highly compatible with chlorothalonil, dinocap and wettable sulphur even at 1000
μg
g
−1 and produced yellowish instead of normal green coloured conidia. Isolate of
Trichoderma koningii –
T.k-CIAH176,
T. citrinoviride –
T.c-CIAH224 and those of
Trichoderma viride –
T.v-CIAH181 and
T.v-CIAH240 with inherent tolerance to some of the fungicides have shown better efficacy to suppress the fruit rot pathogen in dual cultures. However isolate
T.v-CIAH240 was significantly superior
in vitro in the suppression (71%) of the
A. alternata through mycoparasitism and apparent secretion of secondary metabolites in the growth medium. Mycoparasitism and competition with the fruit rot pathogen were the mode of action in the majority of the isolates. The growth of
A. alternata was completely inhibited in PDA amended with dinocap, propiconazole and tridemorph irrespective of the concentrations. In experiments
in vivo, isolate
T.v-CIAH240 was significantly effective (75% PEDC- Per cent Efficiency of Disease Control) against post-harvest infection by
A. alternata followed by
T.v-SBI48 (62 PEDC) and
T.v-CIAH149 (44 PEDC). Among the individual fungicide treatments, dinocap and copper oxychloride (50
μg
g
−1) resulted in 52 PEDC. However, dinocap caused a scorching effect and a foul smell in fruits. Fruit rot control efficacy was enhanced to >70% by
T.v-CIAH240 with tridemefon, thiophanate methyl, mancozeb or alcidine at 50
μg
g
−1 and to >80% with 100
μg
g
−1 of thiophanate methyl, chlorothalonil, mancozeb and alcidine in ber fruits (cv. Gola). There was a non-significant latent infection caused by isolates
T.k-CIAH176,
T.c-CIAH224 (
T. citrinoviride) and
T.v-CIAH240. Such a latent infection was completely suppressed by low concentrations of fungicides when used in combination with
T.v-CIAH240. The possible hypothesis involved in management of
A. alternata in ber fruits at post-harvest stages using fungicides,
Trichoderma species and their combinations is discussed.
The existing resistance genes against white rust disease are often ineffective due to racial variation of the causal fungal pathogen, Albugo candida. Therefore, new sources of resistance effective ...against multiple races are needed for durable resistance. Large-scale phenotyping of advanced introgressed (ILs), mutant, and resynthesized (RBJ) lines of Brassica juncea L., under artificial inoculation at cotyledonary and true leaf stages, against thirteen diverse isolates of Albugo candida and simultaneously at the adult plant stage under multi-location field evaluation from 2019-2022, revealed significant differences in white rust reactions. Amongst 194 introgressed lines, three lines, namely ERJ 39, ERJ 12, and ERJ 15, and three lines among 90 resynthesized and 9 mutant lines, including RBJ 18, DRMR 18-36-12, and DRMR 18-37-13, were identified as potential sources of resistance against multiple isolates at all three developmental stages of the plant. Furthermore, correlation and principal component analysis revealed a positive correlation between white rust resistance at true leaf and adult plant stages for ILs as well as mutant and RBJ lines. These novel sources of host resistance will play vital roles are required for the mustard improvement program and to establish a strong genetic and molecular foundation for identifying white rust resistance linked marker(s), QTLs, or gene(s) for sustainable disease management in India.
Seed treatment followed by foliar application of talc formulated biocontrol agents triggered systemic resistance in watermelon. As a response of ISR, the activities of defense related enzymes viz., ...phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and β-1-3-glucanase were enhanced and the accumulation of phenols was also noticed in the watermelon upon challenge inoculation with Alternaria alternata, the causal agent for leaf blight in watermelon. The activities of enzymes reached a peak at six days after inoculation (DAI) with the pathogen. Though pre- treatment with all the six biocontrol agents enhanced the defense response in watermelon against the pathogen, a maximum increase in enzyme activity and phenol accumulation were accomplished in treatment with Bacillus subtilis (BsW1). Native PAGE analysis revealed the expression of an additional isoform of PO (POI) in plants pre-treated with Bsw1 and also the induction of an isoform of PPO (PPOI) in plants pre-treated with all the bioagents except BsT1 with response to challenge inoculation of pathogen.
The total phenol content and activity of phenol oxidizing enzyme, viz peroxidase (PO) and polyphenol oxidase PPO) in health and powdery mildew colonized leaves and fruits of ber at different groeth ...stages is reported in this paper. In response to partial colonozation of the test pathogen Oidium erysiphoides f.sp. zizphi in immature fruits of the resistant genotypes viz Banarasi Karaka, Saferchandi and Illaichi high level of total phenplics and activity of PO and PPO were recorded. In highly susceptible cv. Gola and Umran the infection could elicit lesser response. In general immature and mature fruits contain less quantity of phenolics as compared to different growth stage of leaves. The wild species (Z. nummularia) accumulated significantly high (2.98 mg/g) phenolics, followed by Saferchandi (1.949 mg/g) and Illachi (1.901 mg/g). Similar was the case in elaboration of PO (327.29 units/min/g) and PPO (32.58 units/mg of protein) activity in this particular genotype. In order to screen large number of ber genotypes in short span of time, random sampling of the immature leaves and fruits are appropriate for analyzing these biochemical molecules as demarcating indicate of ber powdery mildew resistance.
VRIGn 7 – A high yielding Virginia Bunch variety P. Vindhiyavarman, G. Nallathambi, PL.Viswanathan, A. Mothilal, D. Kumaresan, S. Chidambaram, K.N.Ragumoorthi, K. Sachithanandam, K. Subrahmanian, K. Manian, V. Muralidharan, J.S. Kennedy, K. Karunanithi and S. Jebaraj
Electronic journal of plant breeding,
03/2010, Letnik:
1, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The semi spreading groundnut culture VG 9902 is a hybrid derivative of TMV 1 x JL 24. It is a high yielding semispreading genotype with rose testa. It matures in 120-125 days. This culture has ...recorded an overall mean dry pod yield of1865 kg/ha, with an increase pod yield of 19.0 and 23.3 per cent over TMV 1 and TMV 10, respectively under rainfedcondition. The pod and kernel characteristics of this culture are most acceptable to the farmers. The shelling out turn and oilcontent are 72.0 and 48.0 per cent, respectively. The culture possessed seed dormancy for a period of 45 days.
The Central groundnut ALG 06 320 is the cross derivative of (J 11 x CG 52) x ICGV 86015. This variety yielded 2741 kg/ha) and has given higher pod yield over the national check varieties; 33.06 % ...increase over TAG 24 (2060kg/ha); 29.05 % over R 8808 (2124 kg/ha); 2.16% over RHRG 06021 (2683 kg/ha); 7.15 % over ICGV 00351 (2558 kg/ha) during rabi season from 2008 to 2011 year. The variety ALG 06 320 is early in maturity (115 days) compared to R 8808 (116 days) and; RHRG (117 days). Shelling out turn (70.7%) is comparable with TAG 24(67.7), ICGV 00350 (66%), CTMG 6 (67%), RHRG 06021 (66%); R 8808 (67.7%). Sound mature Kernels are more in ALG 06 320 (90%) compared to TAG 24 (85.3%), R 8808 (84.3%), ICGV 00350 (86%); RHRG (82.7%) Oil content is also high (50.3%) in TAG 24 (49.3%) and R 8808 (49.7%). For the variety ALG 06 320 has shown lesser incidence of Peanut bud necrosis disease, Late leaf spot and rust diseases, compared to zonal check varieties. ALG 06 320 has shown tolerance against Spodoptera litura, leaf miner, leaf hopper and thrips. Thus, the groundnut culture ALG 06 320 was identified for release during 2013 by AICRP (G) and notified as Central groundnut ALG 06 320 during 2017 by CVRC.
Assessing the genetic diversity is a pre-requisite for any breeding programme to select appropriate parents forhybridization. A total of 105 adapted maize germplasms lines were subjected to ...Mahalanobis D2analysis based on fourcharacteristics viz., plant height, cob height, cob length and number of kernel rows per cob in order to assess the genetic divergenceamong them. The analysis grouped the genotypes into four clusters. Among them, cluster IV was the largest with 53 genotypesfollowed by cluster II with 32 genotypes. The percent contribution of each traits for total divergence revealed the highestcontribution from Plant height followed by ear length, number of kernel rows per cob and ear height. The maximum intra-clusterdistance was observed in cluster II followed by cluster I and IV. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster IIIand cluster IV followed by cluster I and III indicating greater variability in genetic make up of the genotypes included in theseclusters. Based on inter cluster distances, genotypes present in the clusters viz., I, III and IV are advisable to used as parents forhybridization programme to develop heterotic hybrids in maize.
Highly active and stable carbon composite catalysts for oxygen reduction in PEM fuel cells were developed through the high-temperature pyrolysis of Co–Fe–N chelate complex, followed by the chemical ...post-treatment. A metal-free carbon catalyst was used as the support. The carbon composite catalyst showed an onset potential for oxygen reduction as high as 0.87
V (NHE) in H
2SO
4 solution, and generated less than 1% H
2O
2. The PEM fuel cell exhibited a current density as high as 0.27
A
cm
−2 at 0.6
V and 2.3
A
cm
−2 at 0.2
V for a catalyst loading of 6.0
mg
cm
−2. No significant performance degradation was observed over 480
h of continuous fuel cell operation with 2
mg
cm
−2 catalyst under a load of 200
mA
cm
−2 as evidenced by a resulting cell voltage of 0.32
V with a voltage decay rate of 80
μV
h
−1. Materials characterization studies indicated that the metal–nitrogen chelate complexes decompose at high pyrolysis temperatures above 800
°C, resulting in the formation of the metallic species. During the pyrolysis, the transition metals facilitate the incorporation of pyridinic and graphitic nitrogen groups into the carbon matrix, and the carbon surface doped with nitrogen groups is catalytically active for oxygen reduction.
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