As the automotive industry adopts Ethernet for in-vehicle network technology, automotive Ethernet has to handle bounded delay traffic. IEEE std 802.1Q introduces the stream reservation protocol (SRP) ...to reserve resources for time-sensitive traffics. SRP uses bridge-by-bridge propagation for its messages and registers VLAN ID and group address before making Audio-Video (AV) stream reservations. In this study, we propose a simplified SRP scheme over the Software-defined Network (SDN) for in-vehicle bridged networks. The proposed scheme exploits the topology and bridge information of bridged networks. A centralized stream reservation procedure in the scheme replaces the bridge-by-bridge propagation for SRP reservations. The reservation procedure does not require VLAN ID and group address registration. We implemented a prototype of the proposed scheme and showed that reserved flows are well protected when links of bridges are overloaded.
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials such as graphene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS
2
), tungsten disulfide (WSe
2
), and black phosphorus (BP) provide unique opportunities to identify the ...origin of current fluctuation, mainly arising from their large surface areas compared with those of their bulk counterparts. Among numerous material characterization techniques, nondestructive low-frequency (LF) noise measurement has received significant attention as an ideal tool to identify a dominant scattering origin such as imperfect crystallinity, phonon vibration, interlayer resistance, the Schottky barrier inhomogeneity, and traps and/or defects inside the materials and dielectrics. Despite the benefits of LF noise analysis, however, the large amount of time-resolved current data and the subsequent data fitting process required generally cause difficulty in interpreting LF noise data, thereby limiting its availability and feasibility, particularly for 2D layered van der Waals hetero-structures. Here, we present several model algorithms, which enables the classification of important device information such as the type of channel materials, gate dielectrics, contact metals, and the presence of chemical and electron beam doping using more than 100 LF noise data sets under 32 conditions. Furthermore, we provide insights about the device performance by quantifying the interface trap density and Coulomb scattering parameters. Consequently, the pre-processed 2D array of Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, converted from the LF noise data of devices undergoing the test, leads to superior efficiency and accuracy compared with that of previous approaches.
(
.
) is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen that can cause various infections, particularly in patients with compromised host defenses.
.
forms biofilms and produces virulence factors through ...quorum sensing (QS) network, resulting in resistance to antibiotics. RhlI/RhlR, one of key QS systems in
.
, is considered an attractive target for inhibiting biofilm formation and attenuating virulence factors. Several recent studies examined small molecules targeting the RhlI/RhlR system and their in vitro and in vivo biological activities. In this review, RhlR-targeted modulators, including agonists and antagonists, are discussed with particular focus on structure-activity relationship studies and outlook for next-generation anti-biofilm agents.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an excellent biomarker for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer progression and metastasis. The most promising PSMA-targeted agents in the clinical ...phase are based on the Lys–urea–Glu motif, in which Lys and Glu are α-(l)-amino acids. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of β- and γ-amino acids in the S1 pocket on the binding affinity for PSMA. We synthesized and evaluated the β- and γ-amino acid analogues with (S)- or (R)-configuration with keeping α-(l)-Glu as the S1′-binding pharmacophore. The structure–activity relationship studies identified that compound 13c, a β-amino acid analogue with (R)-configuration, exhibited the most potent PSMA inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 3.97 nM. The X-ray crystal structure of PSMA in complex with 13c provided a mechanistic basis for the stereochemical preference of PSMA, which can guide the development of future PSMA inhibitors.
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Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a zinc-bound metalloprotease which is highly expressed in metastatic prostate cancer. It has been considered an excellent target protein ...for prostate cancer imaging and targeted therapy because it is a membrane protein and its active site is located in the extracellular region. We successfully synthesized and evaluated a novel PSMA ligand conjugated with BODIPY650/665. Compound 1 showed strong PSMA-inhibitory activity and selective uptake into PSMA-expressing tumors. Compound 1 has the potential to be utilized as a near infrared (NIR) optical imaging probe targeting PSMA-expressing cancers.
Bacterial biofilm formation causes serious problems in various fields of medical, clinical, and industrial settings. Antibiotics and biocide treatments are typical methods used to remove bacterial ...biofilms, but biofilms are difficult to remove effectively from surfaces due to their increased resistance. An alternative approach to treatment with antimicrobial agents is using biofilm inhibitors that regulate biofilm development without inhibiting bacterial growth. In the present study, we found that linoleic acid (LA), a plant unsaturated fatty acid, inhibits biofilm formation under static and continuous conditions without inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. LA also influenced the bacterial motility, extracellular polymeric substance production, and biofilm dispersion by decreasing the intracellular cyclic diguanylate concentration through increased phosphodiesterase activity. Furthermore, quantitative gene expression analysis demonstrated that LA induced the expression of genes associated with diffusible signaling factor‐mediated quorum sensing that can inhibit or induce the dispersion of P. aeruginosa biofilms. These results suggest that LA is functionally and structurally similar to a P. aeruginosa diffusible signaling factor (cis‐2‐decenoic acid) and, in turn, act as an agonist molecule in biofilm dispersion.
Linoleic acid (LA), a plant unsaturated fatty acid, inhibits biofilm formation without affecting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Since LA is functionally and structurally similar to a P. aeruginosa diffusible signaling factor (cis‐2‐decenoic acid), LA appears to act as an agonist molecule in biofilm dispersion.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic human pathogen that forms biofilms and produces virulence factors via quorum sensing (QS). Blocking the QS system in P. aeruginosa is an ...excellent strategy to reduce biofilm formation and the production of virulence factors. RhlR plays an essential role in the QS system of P. aeruginosa. We synthesized 55 analogues based on the chemical structure of 4-gingerol and evaluated their RhlR inhibitory activities using the cell-based reporter strain assay. Comprehensive structure–activity relationship studies identified the alkynyl ketone 30 as the most potent RhlR antagonist. This compound displayed selective RhlR antagonism over LasR and PqsR, strong inhibition of biofilm formation, and reduced production of virulence factors in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the survival rate of Tenebrio molitor larvae treated with 30 in vivo greatly improved. Therefore, compound 30, a pure RhlR antagonist, can be utilized for developing QS-modulating molecules in the control of P. aeruginosa infections.
Pseudomonasaeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen that can cause various infections, particularly in patients with compromised host defenses. P. aeruginosa forms ...biofilms and produces virulence factors through quorum sensing (QS) network, resulting in resistance to antibiotics. RhlI/RhlR, one of key QS systems in P. aeruginosa, is considered an attractive target for inhibiting biofilm formation and attenuating virulence factors. Several recent studies examined small molecules targeting the RhlI/RhlR system and their in vitro and in vivo biological activities. In this review, RhlR-targeted modulators, including agonists and antagonists, are discussed with particular focus on structure-activity relationship studies and outlook for next-generation anti-biofilm agents.
LSTM 신경망을 활용한 맥락 기반 모바일 사용자 인증 기법 남상진; 김순태; 신정훈 ...
The journal of the institute of internet, broadcasting and communication : JIIBC,
02/2020, Letnik:
20, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
This study aims to complement the poor performance of existing context-aware authentication techniques in the mobile environment. The data used are GPS, Call Detail Record(CDR) and app usage. ...locational classification according to GPS density was implemented in order to distinguish other people in populated areas in the processing of GPS. It also handles missing values that may occur in data collection. The authentication model consists of two long-short term memory(LSTM) and one Artificial Neural Network(ANN) that aggregates the results, which produces authentication scores. In this paper, we compare the accuracy of this technique with that of other studies. Then compare the number of authentication attempts required to detect someone else's authentication. As a result, we achieved an average 11.6% improvement in accuracy and faster detection of approximately 60% of the experimental data. 본 연구에서는 모바일 환경에서의 기존 맥락인증기법의 부족한 성능을 보완하고자 한다. 사용된 데이터는 GPS, CDR(Call Detail Record), App usage이며 GPS의 처리과정에서 인구밀집지역의 타인을 세밀하게 구분하고자 GPS밀도에 따른 지역구분을 시행하였다. 또한 전처리에서 데이터 수집에서 발생할 수 있는 결측치를 처리한다. 인증 모델은 두 개의 LSTM(Long-Short Term Memory)와 그들 결과를 종합하는 하나의 ANN(Artificial Neural Network)로 구성하며 이를 통해 최종적으로 인증 점수를 산출한다. 본 논문에서는 기존 연구와의 정확도를 비교하고 타인을 구별해내는데 필요한 인증 시도 횟수를 비교하여 평균 11.6%의 정확도 향상과 검증 데이터의 약 60%에 대하여 더 적은 시도에 구별해 낼 수 있었다.
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