Among people living with HIV (PLWH), physical intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with poor virologic, psychiatric, and behavioral outcomes. We examined non-physical, psychological intimate ...partner violence (psy-IPV) and HIV care outcomes using data from two U.S. consortia.
We conducted multivariable analyses with robust standard errors to compare patients indicating/not indicating psy-IPV.
Among PLWH (n = 5950), 9.5% indicated psy-IPV; these individuals were younger (- 3; 95% CI - 2,-4, p-value < 0.001), less likely to be on antiretroviral treatment (ART) (0.73 0.55,0.97, p = 0.03), less adherent to ART (- 4.2 - 5.9,-2.4, p < 0.001), had higher odds of detectable viral load (1.43 1.15,1.78, p = 0.001) and depression (2.63 2.18,3.18, p < 0.001), and greater use of methamphetamines/crystal 2.98 (2.30,3.87),p < 0.001, cocaine/crack 1.57 (1.24,1.99),p < 0.001, illicit opioids 1.56 (1.13,2.16),p = 0.007, and marijuana 1.40 (1.15,1.70), p < 0.001.
Psychological IPV, even in the absence of physical or sexual IPV, appears to be associated with HIV care outcomes and should be included in IPV measures integrated into routine HIV care.
Objectives
To investigate the correlation between maximum standardized uptake value (SUV
max
) of
18
FDG PET-CT and iodine-related attenuation (IRA) of dual energy CT (DECT) of primary tumours and
18
...FDG PET-CT positive thoracic lymph nodes (LN) in patients with lung cancer.
Methods
37 patients with lung cancer (27 NSCLC, 10 SCLC, 86
18
FDG PET-CT positive thoracic LN) who underwent both
18
FDG PET-CT and DECT were analyzed. The mean study interval between
18
FDG PET-CT and DECT was ≤21 days in 17 patients. The mean and maximum IRA of DECT as well as of virtual unenhanced and virtual 120 kV images of DECT was analyzed and correlated to the SUV
max
of
18
FDG PET-CT in all tumours and
18
FDG PET-CT positive thoracic lymph nodes. Further subgroup analysis was performed for histological subtypes in all groups.
Results
A moderate correlation was found between SUV
max
and maximum IRA in all tumours (
n
= 37;
r
= 0.507;
p
= 0.025) whereas only weak or no correlation were found between SUV
max
and all other DECT measurements. A strong correlation was found in patients with study intervals ≤21 days (
n
= 17;
r
= 0.768;
p
= 0.017). Analysis of histological subtypes of lung cancer showed a strong correlation between SUV
max
and maximum IRA in the analysis of all patients with NSCLC (
r
= 0.785;
p
= 0.001) and in patients with NSCLC and study intervals ≤21 days (
r
= 0.876;
p
= 0.024).
Thoracic LN showed moderate correlation between SUV
max
and maximum IRA in patients with study intervals ≤21 days (
r
= 0.654;
p
= 0.010) whereas a weak correlation was found between SUV
max
and maximum IRA in patients with study intervals >21 days (
r
= 0.299;
p
= 0.035).
Conclusions
DECT could serve as a valuable functional imaging test for patients with NSCLC as the IRA of DECT correlates with SUV
max
of
18
FDG PET-CT.
Observations of SF6 are used to quantify the mean time since air was in (“mean age” from) the Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitude surface layer. The mean age is a fundamental property of ...tropospheric transport that can be used in theoretical studies and used to evaluate transport in comprehensive models. Comparisons of simulated SF6 and an idealized clock tracer confirm that the time lag between the SF6 mixing ratio at a given location and the NH midlatitude surface provides an accurate estimate of the mean age. The ages calculated from surface SF6 measurements show large meridional gradients in the tropics but weak gradients in the extratropics, with near‐zero ages at the surface north of 30°N and ages around 1.4 years south of 30°S. Aircraft measurements show weak vertical age gradients in the lower and middle troposphere, with only slight increases of age with height in the NH and slight decreases with height in the Southern Hemisphere. There are large seasonal variations in the age at tropical stations (annual amplitudes around 0.5–1.0 year), with younger ages during northern winter, but only weak seasonal variations at higher latitudes. The seasonality and interannual variations in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere are related to changes in locations of tropical convection. There is qualitative agreement, in both spatial and temporal variations, between the simulated ages and observations. The model ages tend to be older than observed, with differences of ~0.2 year in the Northern Hemisphere upper troposphere and throughout the Southern Hemisphere troposphere.
Key Points
SF6 quantifies mean time since air was in NH mid‐latitude surface layer
Surface SF6 age varies from near zero north of 30°N to 1.4 years south of 30°S
SF6 age is useful for evaluating tropospheric transport in models
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6 ) is a potent greenhouse gas and useful atmospheric tracer. Measurements of SF6 on global and regional scales are necessary to estimate emissions and to verify or examine the ...performance of atmospheric transport models. Typical precision for common gas chromatographic methods with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) is 1-2%. We have modified a common GC-ECD method to achieve measurement precision of 0.5% or better. Global mean SF6 measurements were used to examine changes in the growth rate of SF6 and corresponding SF6 emissions. Global emissions and mixing ratios from 2000-2008 are consistent with recently published work. More recent observations show a 10% decline in SF6 emissions in 2008-2009, which seems to coincide with a decrease in world economic output. This decline was short-lived, as the global SF6 growth rate has recently increased to near its 2007-2008 maximum value of 0.30±0.03 pmol mol-1 (ppt) yr-1 (95% C.L.).
A brief history of the Rheic Ocean Nance, R. Damian; Gutiérrez-Alonso, Gabriel; Keppie, J. Duncan ...
Di xue qian yuan.,
03/2012, Letnik:
3, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Rheic Ocean was one of the most important oceans of the Paleozoic Era. It lay between Laurentia and Gondwana from the Early Ordovician and closed to produce the vast Ouachita- ...Alleghanian-Variscan orogen during the assembly of Pangea. Rifting began in the Cambrian as a continua- tion of Neoproterozoic orogenic activity and the ocean opened in the Early Ordovician with the separation of several Neoproterozoic arc terranes from the continental margin of northern Gondwana along the line of a former suture. The rapid rate of ocean opening suggests it was driven by slab pull in the outboard Iapetus Ocean. The ocean reached its greatest width with the closure of Iapetus and the accretion of the peri- Gondwanan arc terranes to Laurentia in the Silurian. Ocean closure began in the Devonian and continued through the Mississippian as Gondwana sutured to Laurussia to form Pangea. The ocean consequently plays a dominant role in the Appalachian-Ouachita orogeny of North America, in the basement geology of southern Europe, and in the Paleozoic sedimentary, structural and tectonothermal record from Middle America to the Middle East. Its closure brought the Paleozoic Era to an end.
Issue Title: "The Avalonian-Cadomian Belt and related peri-Gondwana Terranes" Neoproterozoic tectonics is dominated by the amalgamation of the supercontinent Rodinia at ca. 1.0 Ga, its breakup at ca. ...0.75 Ga, and the collision between East and West Gondwana between 0.6 and 0.5 Ga. The principal stages in this evolution are recorded by terranes along the northern margin of West Gondwana (Amazonia and West Africa), which continuously faced open oceans during the Neoproterozoic. Two types of these so-called peri-Gondwanan terranes were distributed along this margin in the late Neoproterozoic: (1) Avalonian-type terranes (e.g. West Avalonia, East Avalonia, Carolina, Moravia-Silesia, Oaxaquia, Chortis block that originated from ca. 1.3 to 1.0 Ga juvenile crust within the Panthalassa-type ocean surrounding Rodinia and were accreted to the northern Gondwanan margin by 650 Ma, and (2) Cadomian-type terranes (North Armorica, Saxo-Thuringia, Moldanubia, and fringing terranes South Armorica, Ossa Morena and Tepla-Barrandian) formed along the West African margin by recycling ancient (2-3 Ga) West African crust. Subsequently detached from Gondwana, these terranes are now located within the Appalachian, Caledonide and Variscan orogens of North America and western Europe. Inferred relationships between these peri-Gondwanan terranes and the northern Gondwanan margin can be compared with paleomagnetically constrained movements interpreted for the Amazonian and West African cratons for the interval ca. 800-500 Ma. Since Amazonia is paleomagnetically unconstrained during this interval, in most tectonic syntheses its location is inferred from an interpreted connection with Laurentia. Hence, such an analysis has implications for Laurentia-Gondwana connections and for high latitude versus low latitude models for Laurentia in the interval ca. 615-570 Ma. In the high latitude model, Laurentia-Amazonia would have drifted rapidly south during this interval, and subduction along its leading edge would provide a geodynamic explanation for the voluminous magmatism evident in Neoproterozoic terranes, in a manner analogous to the Mesozoic-Cenozoic westward drift of North America and South America and subduction-related magmatism along the eastern margin of the Pacific ocean. On the other hand, if Laurentia-Amazonia remained at low latitudes during this interval, the most likely explanation for late Neoproterozoic peri-Gondwanan magmatism is the re-establishment of subduction zones following terrane accretion at ca. 650 Ma. Available paleomagnetic data for both West and East Avalonia show systematically lower paleolatitudes than predicted by these analyses, implying that more paleomagnetic data are required to document the movement histories of Laurentia, West Gondwana and the peri-Gondwanan terranes, and test the connections between them.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Low-grade, siliciclastic metasedimentary and mafic metavolcanic rocks near Coatlaco, southern Mexico, form part of the Acatlán Complex, which has been interpreted as a vestige of either the Iapetus ...or Rheic Oceans. They form two tectonically interleaved units, the Canoas unit consisting of interbedded psammites and pelites, and the Coatlaco unit made up of interbedded quartzite and tholeiitic, within-plate, pillow basalts. Detrital zircons in these two units yielded different age population peaks: Ordovician (459
±
14 Ma) and ca. 900–1250 Ma detrital zircons in the Canoas unit, and 357
±
35 Ma, 563
±
22 Ma, 837
±
28 Ma, and 1156
±
74 Ma in the Coatlaco unit. Whereas a source for the Paleozoic zircons may be found in the Acatlán Complex, and provenance for the ca. 900–1250 Ma zircons is likely the adjacent Oaxacan Complex, the Neoproterozoic zircons probably have a more exotic source in Amazonia. The contrasting age populations in the Canoas and Coatlaco units may be due to either (a) different ages of deposition, post-453
±
6 Ma and post-Devonian, respectively; or (b) contemporaneous deposition in distinct environments; continental margin vs. oceanic with currents perpendicular and parallel to the margin, respectively.
The Canoas unit was deformed by four phases of deformation: D
1 and D
2 produced NE–SW, steeply dipping, composite, axial planar solution cleavages (S
CN1 and S
CN2) with variably plunging, tight-isoclinal folds (F
CN1 and F
CN2) under lower greenschist facies metamorphic conditions; D
3 produced a sub-vertical, NE–SW, crenulation cleavage parallel to the axial planes of open to close folds, whose plunges show a NE–SW great circle distribution. D
4 produced small, vertically plunging chevron and kink folds (F
CN4) in the pelitic rocks. The Coatlaco basalts are massive, lack deformational fabrics, and were altered under greenschist facies metamorphic conditions. The Coatlaco quartzites, in contrast, record two phases of deformation; (i) an S
CL1 solution cleavage, and (ii) an S
CL2 greenschist facies crenulation cleavage. The less intense deformation in the Coatlaco unit, compared to the Canoas unit, is attributed to its higher competency. Thus S
CL1–2 is correlated with S
CN2–3, and, as they post-date 357
±
35 Ma (the youngest detrital zircons), they probably correlate with similar Carboniferous–Permian structures elsewhere in the Acatlán Complex. These structures have been related to the exhumation of high-pressure rocks in the Acatlán Complex and subsequent Permian dextral movements at the western end of the Variscan orogen during closure of the Rheic Ocean.
To determine the effectiveness of child safety seat checkpoints in generating change in child restraint practice to reduce the prevalence and extent of misuse.
Child safety seats underwent an initial ...checkpoint evaluation and participants received a training session. Participants were asked to return within 6–12 months to a checkpoint for follow-up evaluation. During each visit, a data collection sheet was used to assess the participants’ use of their child safety seat, and to subsequently calculate a restraint misuse score to characterize the child safety seat's usage before and after the intervention.
During the period of study, 42 participants underwent both the initial and follow-up child safety seat check. Before the intervention, at least one misuse was identified in 100% of installed child safety seats. After the intervention, there was a significant reduction in the proportion of rear-facing child safety seats (18.8%) and forward-facing child safety seats (64.0%) that had at least one misuse (
p
<
0.001). Almost all (93.4%) of those using rear-facing child safety seats and the majority (64.0%) of those using forward-facing child safety seats improved their safety score as measured after the intervention.
Although misuse was universally observed, child safety seat checkpoint events were successful in improving usage practices.
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