Neurometabolic disorder is one of the important groups of diseases that prominently has presentation early infantile period. In this study, we evaluated the result of metabolic screening of the ...patient with seizure, developmental delay and/or regression in development, demographic disease clinical and radiological findings on admitted and outpatient visited children.
Two-year retrospective review of 187 children with seizure, developmental delay and/or regression in the Mofid Children Hospital, Tehran, Iran was performed. The diagnosis was based on observation, findings of EEG and history of the patient, besides evaluation of patient milestones. The result of metabolic screening with Tandem mass spectrometry was evaluated using SPSS (ver.18.0) Statistical software.
Totally, 187 children with seizure, regression and/or developmental delay were evaluated by metabolic screening with tandem mass spectrometry method. The results of laboratory examination had no relationship between positive results of metabolic screening and the mentioned disease. The relations between positive results of metabolic screening and seizure, regression and/or developmental delay were not statistically meaningful.
Positive results of metabolic screening and seizure, regression and/or developmental delay were not statistically meaningful.
Vigabatrin is an antiepileptic drug that results in higher gamma-aminobutyrate levels in the brain and retina. Vigabatrin-induced visual field defects are usually asymptomatic and only detectable by ...perimetry. Further, perimetry requires good cooperation, and children aged under 10 years cannot do it. Electroretinogram response amplitude to full-field 30-Hz flicker shine has been offered to be more specific in predicting visual field defects. This study is scheduled to investigate the vigabatrin-associated visual complications in 67 epileptic children taking vigabatrin using full-field electroretinogram. Electroretinographic surveys showed normal range parameters despite 3 months of vigabatrin treatment, and just 3 (4.47%) children had been visually impaired at the end of 6-month treatment. Among these 3 cases, 1 patient had persistent electroretinogram abnormality despite vigabatrin discontinuation. Our study suggests that vigabatrin is secure for short-term pediatric antiepileptic treatment, with few cases of visual impairments and that are often reversible.
Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a plasmapheresis procedure whose Safety data for pediatric neuro-immunological disorders (PNID) is confined. The present research documents TPE's safety and ...feasibility data in these conditions.
The current study involved six distinct groups of patients with PNID undergoing TPE: neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorder (NMOSD), autoimmune encephalitis (AIE), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), multiple sclerosis (MS), Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), and optic neuritis (ON). This study documented complications related to each TPE process. In addition, TPE's efficacy was studied in these patients.
The present study recorded adverse effects in 18 patients with PNID that received 121 TPE cycles: five cycles (4.13%) in MS, three (2.48%) in AIE subgroup, one (0.82%) in ADEM, and two (1.65%) in GBS. No severe complications were observed among the patients.
Patients with PNID tolerated therapeutic plasma exchange, which was a safe process.
ObjectivesMigraine is a common disorder in children, and its prophylaxis with minimal side effects is momentous. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of Pregabalin and Sodium Valproate in ...preventing migraine attacks. Material & methodsSixty-four children (aged 6-18) with migraines were recruited, as defined by Internation Headache Criteria (ICHD-III). They were randomly assigned to two groups: Sodium Valproate (n=32) and Pregabalin (n=32). The minimum dosage of drugs was prescribed in both groups. The patients were followed for four months. The parameters such as frequency, intensity, duration of migraine attacks, and the number of painkillers that the patients used monthly were recorded. The Spence Children's anxiety scale was also used to evaluate medications' effect on patients' anxiety levels. ResultsTwo medications were equally effective in reducing the intensity and duration of attacks. Additionally, their effect on reducing the anxiety level of patients was equal. There was a significant difference between the effect of drugs on the frequency of migraine attacks at the end of the first and fourth months and the number of painkillers used at the end of the fourth month. The frequency of attacks was decreased by more than 50% in twenty-eight patients (90%) of Pregabalin recipients and twenty-one patients (84%) of Sodium Valproate recipients. ConclusionConsidering the better effect of Pregabalin in the reduction of frequency of migraine attacks and pain-reducing medications consumption, Pregabalin could be a proper substitute for Sodium Valproate for prophylactic migraine treatment in children.
To investigate the prevalence rate of hepatitis B (HVB) and hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection in HIV positives in Mazandaran province.
This descriptive cross-sectional study lasted from 2008 to 2010. ...The population of this study included 188 HIV positive persons confirmed to be infected by tests of ELISA I, II and western blood (WB) in the hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. After getting permission, 5 cc venous blood samples were taken and drawn into a lab tube without citrate.
Among the total of 188 HIV positive patients in Mazandaran province, only 80 patients were available, 62 had moved to other provinces, and 46 had died. Of the samples, 66 (82.5%) were males and 14 (17.5%) were females with the mean age of 37. Among the patients, nine (11.3%) were co-infected with HIV/ HBV, 27(33.8%) with HIV/HCV, while 20 (25%) were co-infected with HIV/HBV/ HCV. Only one patient had travelled abroad and eight of them stated that they had used shared syringes.
The differences in the rate of HBV and HCV co-infection can be due to the epidemiologic conditions of viruses with different factors including different risk factors causing infection with these factors such as the rate of virus penetrating the body, the manner of penetration, patients' health condition, patients' culture, and their socio-economic condition, etc.
Background and purpose: Identifying the predictors of seizure recurrence is of great help in controlling the disease and preventing recurrence in patients. This study aimed to determine the risk ...factors for recurrence of seizures in children younger than 14 years of age. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, we reviewed the medical records of patients admitted to pediatric neurology clinic in Tehran Imam Hussein Hospital between June 2016 and November 2017. Information including patients’ demographic and clinical data, and seizure recurrence and times were extracted. Data were analyzed in SPSS V23. Results: The participants were 210 patients (mean age: 62.40±46.79 months), including 53% males. Recurrence of seizures was observed in 81 patients. In 45 patients with recurrent seizures and 101 patients without recurrent seizure, the type of seizure was tonic-clonic. Abnormal developments were seen in 45.7% of patients with recurrent seizures and 15.5% of patients without recurrent seizures. Gestational age and abnormality in first electroencephalogram (EEG) were identified as predictors of seizure recurrence. Conclusion: Preventive treatments are highly recommended in patients with low gestational age and disordered EEG to prevent subsequent seizures and their complications
Objectives Due to a lack of data on pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) epidemiology in Iran, this study aimed to determine the incidence rate of pediatric MS in Iran. Materials & Methods All the data ...of the patients with MS registered in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran for 20 years were collected in this study; therefor; those born in 1982 and diagnosed with the disease and treated since 2000 were included in this study. The collected variables were patients' age at the time of diagnosis, gender, year of diagnosis, urban or rural residency, and province of residence. Additionally, agespecific incidence rates per 100,000 of the population were calculated. Results This study was performed on 4544 cases of pediatric MS within 2000- 2019, of which 997 patients (21.9%) were male. The mean age of the patients with MS at the time of diagnosis was 14.3±4.6 years, and 4414 children (97.1%) lived in urban areas. The incidence rate of pediatric MS in Iran during 20 years increased from 0.26 per 100,000 of the population in 2000 to 1.53 in 2019. Conclusion The incidence of pediatric MS in Iran is high, and the development of diagnostic practices in the past decade in Iran has contributed to the detection of this high incidence.
Due to a lack of data on pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) epidemiology in Iran, this study aimed to determine the incidence rate of pediatric MS in Iran.
All the data of the patients with MS ...registered in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran for 20 years were collected in this study; those born in 1982 and diagnosed with the disease and treated since 2000 were included in this study. Therefor The collected variables were patients' age at the time of diagnosis, gender, year of diagnosis, urban or rural residency, and province of residence. Additionally, age-specific incidence rates per 100,000 of the population were calculated.
This study was performed on 4544 cases of pediatric MS within 2000-2019, of which 997 patients (21.9%) were male. The mean age of the patients with MS at the time of diagnosis was 14.3±4.6 years, and 4414 children (97.1%) lived in urban areas. The incidence rate of pediatric MS in Iran during 20 years increased from 0.26 per 100,000 of the population in 2000 to 1.53 in 2019.
The incidence of pediatric MS in Iran is high, and the development of diagnostic practices in the past decade in Iran has contributed to the detection of this high incidence.
To determine the clinical and MRI characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the children and adolescents.
In this cross-sectional study, information of 95 MS patients was obtained from the ...Iranian MS registry. Disease characteristics and imaging data were collected using medical records.
Ninety-five patients including 64 female and 31 male subjects with mean age of 13.97±2.4 years (range, 8-18) years were enrolled. The most frequent signs and symptoms were ophthalmic symptoms (n=61, 64.2%), brainstem signs (n=44, 46.3%), cerebellar signs (n=32, 33.6%) and pyramidal signs (n=26, 27.3%). Blurred vision (n=21, 34.4%) was the most common ophthalmic symptom and ataxia (n=24, 75%) the most prevalent cerebellar sign. The most common brainstem signs/symptoms were motor symptoms and vertigo (each n=14, 31.8%) and the most common pyramidal sign/symptom was right upper monoparesis (n=14, 23.3%). Active demyelinating lesions were reported in brain MRI of all patients, mostly appeared as periventricular (n=91, 95.8%) and pericallosal (n=55, 57.9%) lesions. Acute demyelinating spinal lesions were presented in 38 patients (51.3%) with a prominent involvement of the cervical spine (n=33, 86.8%).
In our study, the most frequent signs and symptoms were eye symptoms, brainstem signs, cerebellar signs and pyramidal signs, respectively. Moreover, our results showed that MRI plays a critical role in the diagnostic evaluation of MS in children with presence of brain lesions in all patients and spinal lesion in a considerable portion of patients.
