The heat and mass transfer effects in a boundary layer flow through porous medium of an electrically conducting viscoelastic fluid subject to transverse magnetic field in the presence of heat ...source/sink and chemical reaction have been analyzed. It has been considered the effects of radiation, viscous and Joule dissipations and internal heat generation/absorption. Closed form solutions for the boundary layer equations of viscoelastic, second-grade and Walters’
B
′ fluid models are obtained. The method of solution involves similarity transformation. The transformed equations of thermal and mass transport are solved by applying Kummer’s function. The solutions of temperature field for both prescribed surface temperature as well as prescribed surface heat flux are obtained. It is important to remark that the interaction of magnetic field is found to be counterproductive in enhancing velocity and concentration distribution whereas the presence of chemical reaction as well as porous matrix with moderate values of magnetic parameter reduces the temperature and concentration fields at all points of flow domain.
The frequency in which His bundle pacing can correct left bundle branch block patterns in an unselected heart failure population is not known, and no prospective trials comparing BiV-CRT versus His ...bundle pacing in lieu of a left ventricular lead for CRT (His-CRT) have been performed to date. The His-SYNC (His Bundle Pacing versus Coronary Sinus Pacing for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy) pilot trial was an investigator-initiated, prospective, randomized controlled trial that aimed to assess the feasibility and efficacy of His-CRT as a first-line strategy compared with BiV-CRT. Among 41 patients enrolled (64 ± 13 years of age, 38% women, LVEF 28%, 65% with coronary artery disease, QRS width 168 ± 18 ms left bundle branch block pattern = 35, right bundle branch block = 2, paced = 3), 21 were randomized to His-CRT and 20 to BiV-CRT.
The purpose of the current study is to numerically investigate the effects of shape factors of nanoparticles on natural convection in a fluid-saturated porous annulus developed between the elliptical ...cylinder and square enclosure. A numerical method called the control volume-based finite element method is implemented for solving the governing equations. The modified flow and thermal structures and corresponding heat transfer features are investigated. Numerical outcomes reveal very good grid independency and excellent agreement with the existing studies. The obtained results convey that at a certain aspect ratio, an increment in Rayleigh and Darcy numbers significantly augments the heat transfer and average Nusselt number. Further, enhancement of Rayleigh number increases the velocity of nanofluid, while that of aspect ratio of the elliptical cylinder shows the opposite trend.
•Unsteady MHD flow of micropolar Casson Cross nanofluid is addressed.•Total entropy rate is calculated through second law of thermodynamics.•Non-linear thermal radiation and chemical reaction effects ...are considered.•Buongiorno's nanofluid model is used in the mathematical modeling.
The present work provides important insights regarding three dimensional unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow and entropy generation of micropolar Casson Cross nanofluid subject to nonlinear thermal radiation and chemical reaction. The Buongiorno's nanofluid model featured with Brownian movement and thermophoresis is considered. Realistic aspects namely convective boundary condition, viscous dissipation and joule heating are introduced. The present problem is modeled by momentum, temperature, microrotation and nanoparticles concentration equations.
The non-dimensional highly nonlinear differential equations are solved numerically via shooting iteration technique together with 4th order Runge-Kutta integration scheme.
The current study imparts a reasonable, pragmatic and realistic approach to a good absorber of solar energy. In addition, strong and visionary profiles of velocity, microrotation, temperature, nanoparticles concentration, entropy generation rate and Bejan number for concern nanofluids are presented. Besides, intensive physical interpretation of the involved thermophycal parameters has been well-addressed.
The present investigation shows that strengthening of Weissenberg number uplifts the axial as well transverse fluid velocities while that of Hartmann number turns out to be a reverse trend. Furthermore, heat and mass transfer rates exhibit ascending and descending trends for intensified Brownian motion and thermophoresis respectively. Improved thermal boundary layer due to the upgrading temperature ratio parameter is another outcome of the current analysis.
•This research paper proposed a novel computational technique for evaluation of the corona generated ionized electromagnetic field environment which initiates serious ill health environment under ...EHV/UHV DC transmission lines.•The proposed new computational technique was developed by modelling the dynamic behavior of the corona discharge phenomenon using gas ion bimolecular collision theoy concept which offers program less simple equations.•This developed computational technique offers unique equation solution which estimates corona generated ionic currents for any existing and upcoming HVDC transmission lines. This new computational analysis offers economical benefits to the line design engineers.•Actual experimental investigations are carried out at extra and ultra high potential levels to validate the accuracy of the proposed computational technique.•The proposed computational technique offered high computational accuracy compared to other techniques which are proposed elsewhere in the world and the computed results shown exact measured values.
Corona on UHVDC transmission line conductors initiates corona power loss and the inevitable ionic current flow environment at ground level. To limit this substantial flow of ionic current at ground levels, it is necessary to establish an appropriate line design configuration, including the diameter of the line conductor and the height level above the ground. It is a tedious and expensive process to establish this appropriate line design solely based on experimental findings. Hence, the computational based numerical analysis with the support of final experimental validation aids in arriving at a safe and optimal transmission line design dimension configuration. Thus, the ionic current flow environment of UHVDC transmission lines may be characterized by ionized space charge density, ionic current flow, and electrical field distribution. To estimate this ionic current flow, it is necessary to estimate the ionized space charge density in the ionization region, which incorporates the solution of the Poisson's equation. It is intricate to solve Poisson's equation with known boundary conditions: as ionization process depends on the atmospheric parameters also. Multiple computational techniques are developed to estimate the corona generated ionic current environment under the HVDC lines by waiving these atmospheric parameter effects and claims the lack of computational accuracy. In this paper, the unipolar corona equation, usually called Poisson's equation was solved by estimating the space charge ion density using the concept of gas bimolecular collision theory. The gas bimolecular collision theory inculcates the procedure to estimate the collisional reaction rate constant between the gas molecules at given atmospheric temperature and pressure parameters. Therefore, this paper developed a unique equation solution for the estimation of transition of the ionic current magnitudes at known atmospheric temperature and pressure ambient conditions. This unique equation solution prevents the multiple actual testing procedures offers to obtain safe and optimal line design dimension configurations. Multiple experimental studies are carried out up to ± 900 kV to compare the computed results in the outdoor and indoor climatic conditions at the ultra-high voltage laboratory, CPRI. Also, the computed results are compared with the results published in the literature. Based on the comparison of results, the developed computational technique exactly matches the experimental results and claims improved accuracy compared to other computational techniques.
The world is full of data which is increasing by leaps and bounds. In health care, big data is becoming common with increased electronic health data accumulation and/or accessibility to public data ...previously held under lock and key. At the same time, health data visualization applications have become popular over recent years. Against this background, a review was done to summarize the application of data visualization in public health & the challenges faced. Peer-reviewed original research articles and review articles searched in Google Scholar and Pubmed databases that were indexed in the last ten years period, using the keywords "Big data" or "data visualization" or "Interactive visualization techniques." Other related information in books, blogs, and published documents were searched in Google search engine using the same keywords. Contents from the downloaded documents were presented and discussed under three headings viz. (a) the visualizations that are still current and how they have evolved further, (b) tools or methods that can be used by end-users to make their own modifications, (c) the platforms to disseminate them. Usage of different plots in public health is explained with suitable examples using the data from public health datasets. From the discussion it can be understood that when big data is visualized well, it can identify implementation gaps and disparities and accelerate implementation strategies to reach the population groups in most need for interventions. As health administrator may come from diverse specialties, robust training and career development for big data in public health is the need of the hour.
The present article candidly states the incremental impact of nonlinear thermal radiation on heat transfer enhancement due to Darcy–Forchheimer flow of spinel-type MnFe
2
O
4
-Casson/water nanofluids ...due to a stretched rotating disk. In present contest, the entropy generation approach is highlighted specially as a powerful tool for the analysis of the brain function, in accordance with the theological and philosophical approach of Saint Thomas Aquinas. The some of the results of the present study that strengthening of permeability and Casson parameter contribute to the diminution of radial and tangential velocity profiles and yield shrinkage of the related boundary layers. An increase in thermal radiation leading to more heat propagating into the fluid thereby improves the TBL. Fluids with non-Newtonian behavior contribute greater entropy generation rate compared to Newtonian fluids. The most significant outcome is that the entropy generation makes a real contribution to the brain function or analysis of the function of the brain.
Polyphenylsulfone/multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polyvinylpyrrolidone/1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone mixed matrix ultrafiltration flat-sheet membranes were fabricated via phase inversion process to inspect the ...heavy metals separation efficacy from aqueous media. Fabricated membranes cross-sectional morphological changes and the topographical alterations were assessed with Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Particularly, MWCNTs assisted membranes exhibited better permeability ability as well as heavy metal removal enactment than virgin membrane. The dead-end filter unit was engaged in current research to examine the permeability and heavy metal removal competence of membranes. With the continuous enhancement of MWCNTs wt% in a polymer matrix, significant enhancement was observed with pure water flux study, from 41.69 L/m2 h to >185 L/m2 h as well as with the heavy metals separation study. Added additive MWCNTs can impact the pore sizes in membranes. The heavy metal separation results achieved, the membrane with 0.3 wt% of MWCNTs (PCNT-3) exhibited >98%, >76% and >72% for Pb2+, Hg2+ and Cd2+ ions, respectively. Overall, MWCNTs introduced PPSU membranes exposed best outcomes with heavy metals contained wastewater treatment.
The His-SYNC pilot trial was the first randomized comparison between His bundle pacing in lieu of a left ventricular lead for cardiac resynchronization therapy (His-CRT) and biventricular pacing ...(BiV-CRT), but was limited by high rates of crossover.
To evaluate the results of the His-SYNC pilot trial utilizing treatment-received (TR) and per-protocol (PP) analyses.
The His-SYNC pilot was a multicenter, prospective, single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial comparing His-CRT vs BiV-CRT in patients meeting standard indications for CRT (eg, NYHA II-IV patients with QRS >120 ms). Crossovers were required based on prespecified criteria. The primary endpoints analyzed included improvement in QRS duration, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and freedom from cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization and mortality.
Among 41 patients enrolled (aged 64 ± 13 years, 38% female, LVEF 28%, QRS 168 ± 18 ms), 21 were randomized to His-CRT and 20 to BiV-CRT. Crossover occurred in 48% of His-CRT and 26% of BiV-CRT. The most common reason for crossover from His-CRT was inability to correct QRS owing to nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay (n = 5). Patients treated with His-CRT demonstrated greater QRS narrowing compared to BiV (125 ± 22 ms vs 164 ± 25 ms TR, P < .001;124 ± 19 ms vs 162 ± 24 ms PP, P < .001). A trend toward higher echocardiographic response was also observed (80 vs 57% TR, P = .14; 91% vs 54% PP, P = .078). No significant differences in CV hospitalization or mortality were observed.
Patients receiving His-CRT on-treatment demonstrated superior electrical resynchronization and a trend toward higher echocardiographic response than BiV-CRT. Larger prospective studies may be justifiable with refinements in patient selection and implantation techniques to minimize crossovers.
Although the topic of consciousness is both mysterious and controversial, psychedelic drugs are popularly believed to provide unique insights into the nature of consciousness despite a lack of ...empirical evidence.
This study addresses the question of whether psychedelics change the attribution of consciousness to a range of living and non-living entities. A survey was conducted in 1,606 respondents who endorsed a belief changing psychedelic experience.
Participants rated their attributions of consciousness to a range of living and non-living entities before and after their psychedelic experience. Superstitious beliefs and belief in freewill were also assessed. From before the experience to after, there were large increases in attribution of consciousness to various entities including non-human primates (63-83%), quadrupeds (59-79%), insects (33-57%), fungi (21-56%), plants (26-61%), inanimate natural objects (8-26%), and inanimate manmade objects (3-15%). Higher ratings of mystical experience were associated with greater increases in the attribution of consciousness. Moreover, the increased attributions of consciousness did not decrease in those who completed the survey years after the psychedelic experience. In contrast to attributions of consciousness, beliefs in freewill and superstitions did not change. Notably, all findings were similar when restricted to individuals reporting on their first psychedelic experience.
This study demonstrates that, among people who reported belief-changing psychedelic experiences, attribution of consciousness to various entities increases. Future prospective psychedelic drug administration studies that control for expectancies are needed.
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