The Hofmeister effect consists in changes of protein solubility triggered by neutral electrolyte cosolutes. Based on the assumption that salts cause stochastic fluctuations of the free energy barrier ...profiles, a kinetic theory of this phenomenon is proposed. An exponentially correlated noise, of amplitude proportional to the salt concentration, is added to each energy level, and the time-dependence of the mean protein concentration is calculated. It is found that the theory yields the well-known Setschenow equation if the noise correlation time is low in comparison to the aggregation time constant. Experimental data on salting-in agents are well fitted, whereas, in the case of salting-out cosolutes, two independent dichotomic fluctuations are needed to fit the data. This may result from the fact that, in both cases, the low-concentration regime is dominated by salting-in electrostatic contributions, whereas, at high salt concentrations, electron donor/acceptor interactions become important; these have opposite effects. The theory offers a novel way to metricate Hofmeister effects and also leads to thermodynamic quantities, which account for the influence of salts. The formalism may also be applied to describe kinetic phenomena in the presence of cosolutes.
Toward ternary fission accompanied by the8Be nucleus D. A. Artemenkov; V. .. Bradnova; M. V. Gustova ...
Eurasian journal of physics and functional materials,
11/2021, Letnik:
3, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Experiments in preparation for search for uranium ternary fission by means of nuclear track emulsion are summarized. The study will be focused on the possible involvement of the unstable nucleus8Be in ...the suggested scenario of the collinear tri-partition in the fission.
A new design of a detector plane of sub-millimetre thickness for an electromagnetic sampling calorimeter is presented. It is intended to be used in the luminometers LumiCal and BeamCal in future ...linear \(e^+e^-\) collider experiments. The detector planes were produced utilising novel connectivity scheme technologies. They were installed in a compact prototype of the calorimeter and tested at DESY with an electron beam of energy 1-5 GeV. The performance of a prototype of a compact LumiCal comprising eight detector planes was studied. The effective Moli`ere radius at 5 GeV was determined to be (8.1 +/- 0.1 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) mm, a value well reproduced by the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation (8.4 +/- 0.1) mm. The dependence of the effective Moli`ere radius on the electron energy in the range 1-5 GeV was also studied. Good agreement was obtained between data and MC simulation.
Contribution of the unstable nuclei 7Be, 8Be and ®B into coherent dissociation events ("white" stars) of relativistic nuclei 7,9Be, 10B and 10,11C is under study on the basis of a nuclear track ...emulsion exposed to beams of the JINR Nuclotron. Distributions over the opening angle of α-pairs indicate to a simultaneous presence of virtual 8Beg.s. and 8Be2+ states in the ground states of the 9Be and 10C nuclei. The core 9B is manifested in the 10C nucleus with a probability of (30 ± 4)%, Selection of the 10C "white" stars accompanied by 8Beg.s. (9B) leads to the appearance in the excitation energy distribution of 2α2p "quartets" of the distinct peak with a maximum at 4.1 ± 0.3 MeV. 8Beg.s. decays are presented in 21% 2He + 2H and 19% in the 3He of the all 11C "white" stars. 9Bg.s. decays are identified in "white" stars 11C → 2He + 2H constituting 14% of the 11C "white" stars. The 9B nucleus. is manifested in the "white" stars 10B → 2He + 2H with a probability of (9 ± 1)%. For the 10B case yield of 8Beg.s. nuclei with the respect to 9B is about a factor of 3 higher than 9B.
A prototype of a luminometer, designed for a future e+e- collider detector, was tested in the CERN PS accelerator T9 testbeam. The objective of this test beam was to demonstrate a multi-plane ...operation, to study the development of the electromagnetic shower and to compare it with MC simulations.
Progress in the study of nuclear clustering in the relativistic 10B and 11C nuclei dissociation in nuclear track emulsion is presented. The contribution of the unbound 8Be and 9B nuclei to their ...structure is determined on the basis of measurements of the emission angles of relativistic He and H fragments.
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