Diamond detectors for heavy ion measurements Berdermann, E.; Badura, E.; Neyer, C. ...
Nuclear physics. Section B, Proceedings supplement,
02/1998, Letnik:
61, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The investigation of CVD-diamond as a new detector material for applications in heavy-ion physics is described. Pulse-height and time spectra for various projectiels, measured with diamond samples of ...different thicknesses, are discussed.
An asynchronous version of a binary pixel readout circuit has been implemented in an array with 16 columns at 500 mu m pitch and 63 rows at 75 mu m pitch. This readout chip has been bonded with ...solder bumps to a silicon detector with matching pixel elements. Event information in a pixel can be strobed into a local memory by a trigger signal and subsequently read out. Without a strobe the information in this memory is continuously cleared. The complete hybrid detector has been successfully tested with ionizing particles from a radioactive source. Three such devices have been used in the CERN heavy ion experiment WA94 in the Omega spectrometer where they recorded particle tracks from high multiplicity /sup 32/S interactions.< >
Status of the Pestov spark counter development for the ALICE experiment Badura, E; Dodokhov, V; Eschke, J ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
09/1996, Letnik:
379, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The performance of a new ALICE prototype of the Pestov spark counter was measured both in a dedicated test beam as well as in a high multiplicity heavy-ion environment. Results in terms of time ...resolution and background behaviour are presented.
A prototype Pestov Spark Counter with two-dimensional position resolution has been developed. The position resolution is 0.32 mm and <2 mm in transverse and longitudinal direction, respectively. Beam ...tests yielded both the time resolution and the efficiency in accordance with earlier results obtained at BNIP Novosibirsk. A long-term stability test has been performed and stable behaviour for more than 3 month was observed.
Experience with a 30 cm2 silicon pixel plane in CERN experiment WA97 Antinori, F.; Arnold, R.; Barberis, D. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
06/1995, Letnik:
360, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A multi-chip, large area hybrid silicon pixel detector has been integrated in a particle physics experiment for the first time. The plane had 72K 75 μm × 500 μm sensor elements, covering a total area ...of about 30 cm2. It was constructed and characterized in a collaboration between heavy-ion experiment WA97 and R&D project RD19. Several such planes will be incorporated in a hyperon telescope, in order to improve tracking in the high multiplicity environment of central lead-lead collisions at the SPS. Results on the characterization of this detector in a proton beam at the Omega spectrometer at CERN are presented and discussed.
During the 2010s, fertility rates fell across the Nordic region. The onset of these declines seems linked to the Great Recession of 2008–2009, but their continuation cannot easily be linked to ...subsequent economic change. The 1990s, too, brought episodes of economic crises to the Nordic region that were followed by different degrees of fertility decline. In this study, we provide an empirical overview of parity-, age- and education-specific fertility developments in the five Nordic countries in the wake of the economic recessions in 2008 and the early 1990s, respectively. We demonstrate a high degree of heterogeneity in fertility developments across countries after 1990, whereas after 2008, the trends are much more similar across the five countries. Likewise, the educational differences in birth hazards that characterized the developments after 1990 were much smaller in the initial years after 2008–2009. This reversal from heterogeneity to homogeneity in the fertility response to recessions calls for an expansion of theories on the cyclicality of fertility in relation to uncertainty and economic and social change. In our discussion, we consider the role of a set of factors that also incorporates the state, crisis management, and perceptions of economic and welfare uncertainty.
While the principle of competition has long been found to be conducive to innovation, community‐based innovation contests additionally offer the possibilities of interaction and cooperation among ...participants. This duality makes innovation contests an interesting field for both academia and practice. However, a surge in practical implementations stands in contrast to a still restricted body of academic knowledge in the field. To close this gap, drawing on a boundary spanning perspective, we examine if and how cooperation in the competitive setting of innovation contests leads to innovativeness. Cooperative orientation of contest participants is explored within a community‐based innovation contest run in 2009 at one of the largest universities in Germany. We analyse a complete set of data collected during the contest, data from a follow‐up survey among individual participants (n = 943), as well as video and audio footage from four focus groups. Findings suggest that a very high as well as a very low degree of cooperative orientation result in a high degree of innovativeness, while a medium degree of cooperative orientation results in a low degree of innovativeness. Additionally, this research extends the concept of boundary spanning by identifying two subtypes: proactive and reactive boundary spanning.
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