A Majorana zero bound mode exists in the vortex core of a chiral p + ip superconductor or superfluid, which can be driven from an s-wave pairing state by two-dimensional spinorbit coupling. We ...propose here a novel scheme based on realistic cold atom platforms to generate two-dimensional spin-orbit interactions in a blue-detuned square optical lattice, and predict both the quantum anomalous Hall effect and chiral topological superfluid phase in the experimentally accessible parameter regimes. This work may open a new direction with experimental feasibility to observe non-Abelian topological orders in cold atom systems.
Membrane-bound and soluble proteins of the secretory pathway are commonly glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum. These adducts have many biological functions, including, notably, their ...contribution to the maturation of glycoproteins. N-linked glycans are of oligomeric structure, forming configurations that provide blueprints to precisely instruct the folding of protein substrates and the quality control systems that scrutinize it. O-linked mannoses are simpler in structure and were recently found to have distinct functions in protein quality control that do not require the complex structure of N-linked glycans. Together, recent studies reveal the breadth and sophistication of the roles of these glycan-directed modifications in protein biogenesis.
Diabesity is a term used to describe the combined adverse health effects of obesity and diabetes mellitus. The worldwide dual epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes is an important public health ...issue. Projections estimate a sixfold increase in the number of adults with obesity in 40 years and an increase in the number of individuals with diabetes to 642 million by 2040. Increased adiposity is the strongest risk factor for developing diabetes. Early detection of the effects of diabesity on the cardiovascular system would enable the optimal implementation of effective therapies that prevent atherosclerosis progression, cardiac remodelling, and the resulting ischaemic heart disease and heart failure. Beyond conventional imaging techniques, such as echocardiography, CT and cardiac magnetic resonance, novel post-processing tools and techniques provide information on the biological processes that underlie metabolic heart disease. In this Review, we summarize the effects of obesity and diabetes on myocardial structure and function and illustrate the use of state-of-the-art multimodality cardiac imaging to elucidate the pathophysiology of myocardial dysfunction, prognosticate long-term clinical outcomes and potentially guide treatment strategies.
Temperature Shocks and Establishment Sales Addoum, Jawad M.; Ng, David T.; Ortiz-Bobea, Ariel
The Review of financial studies,
03/2020, Letnik:
33, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Combining granular daily data on temperatures across the continental United States with detailed establishment data from 1990 to 2015, we study the causal impact of temperature shocks on ...establishment sales and productivity. Using a large sample yielding precise estimates, we do not find evidence that temperature exposures significantly affect establishment-level sales or productivity, including among industries traditionally classified as “heat sensitive.” At the firm level, we find that temperature exposures aggregated across firm establishments are generally unrelated to sales, productivity, and profitability. Our results support existing findings of a tenuous relation between temperature and aggregate economic growth in rich countries.
Energy security has been an actively studied area in recent years. Various facets have been covered in the literature. Based on a survey of 104 studies from 2001 to June 2014, this paper reports the ...findings on the following: energy security definitions, changes in the themes of these definitions, energy security indexes, specific focused areas and methodological issues in the construction of these indexes, and energy security in the wider context of national energy policy. It is found that the definition of energy security is contextual and dynamic in nature. The scope of energy security has also expanded, with a growing emphasis on dimensions such as environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. Significant differences among studies are observed in the way in which energy security indexes are framed and constructed. These variations introduce challenges in comparing the findings among studies. Based on these findings, recommendations on studying energy security and the construction of energy security indexes are presented.
The pharmacological activity and constituents of the sanchi ginseng Panax notoginseng have been reviewed. The bulk of pharmacological findings have been based on the saponins or steryl glycosides, ...although polysaccharides with immunopotentiating activity, proteins with antifungal, ribonuclease and xylanase activity, and a triacylglycerol (trilinolein) with antioxidant activity have been reported. Protective actions against cerebral ischaemia, beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, and haemostatic, antioxidant, hypolipidaemic, hepatoprotective, renoprotective and estrogen‐like activities have been described. Various methods for authentication of P. notoginseng are available.
Clauses and sentences rarely stand on their own in an actual discourse; rather, the relationship between them carries important information that allows the discourse to express a meaning as a whole ...beyond the sum of its individual parts. Rhetorical analysis seeks to uncover this coherence structure. In this article, we present
— a COmplete probabilistic Discriminative framework for performing Rhetorical Analysis in accordance with Rhetorical Structure Theory, which posits a tree representation of a discourse.
comprises a discourse segmenter and a discourse parser. First, the discourse segmenter, which is based on a binary classifier, identifies the elementary discourse units in a given text. Then the discourse parser builds a discourse tree by applying an optimal parsing algorithm to probabilities inferred from two Conditional Random Fields: one for intra-sentential parsing and the other for multi-sentential parsing. We present two approaches to combine these two stages of parsing effectively. By conducting a series of empirical evaluations over two different data sets, we demonstrate that
significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art, often by a wide margin. We also show that a reranking of the k-best parse hypotheses generated by
can potentially improve the accuracy even further.
In a cooperative multiple-antenna downlink cellular network, maximization of a concave function of user rates is considered. A new linear precoding technique called soft interference nulling (SIN) is ...proposed, which performs at least as well as zero-forcing (ZF) beamforming. All base stations share channel state information, but each user's message is only routed to those that participate in the user's coordination cluster. SIN precoding is particularly useful when clusters of limited sizes overlap in the network, in which case traditional techniques such as dirty paper coding or ZF do not directly apply. The SIN precoder is computed by solving a sequence of convex optimization problems. SIN under partial network coordination can outperform ZF under full network coordination at moderate SNRs. Under overlapping coordination clusters, SIN precoding achieves considerably higher throughput compared to myopic ZF, especially when the clusters are large.
We describe experimental signatures of Majorana fermion edge states, which form at the interface between a superconductor and the surface of a topological insulator. If a lead couples to the Majorana ...fermions through electron tunneling, the Majorana fermions induce resonant Andreev reflections from the lead to the grounded superconductor. The linear tunneling conductance is 0 (2e(2)/h) if there is an even (odd) number of vortices in the superconductor. Similar resonance occurs for tunneling into the zero mode in the vortex core. We also study the current and noise of a two-lead device.
PDF
