Vu Gia-Thu Bon (VGTB) river basin is an area where flash flood and heavy flood events occur frequently, negatively impacting the local community and socio-economic development of Quang Nam Province. ...In recent years, structural and non-structural solutions have been implemented to mitigate damages due to floods. However, under the impact of climate change, natural disasters continue to happen unpredictably day by day. It is, therefore, necessary to develop a spatial decision support system for real-time flood warnings in the VGTB river basin, which will support in ensuring the area's socio-economic development. The main purpose of this study is to develop an online flood warning system in real-time based on Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies, GIS, telecommunications, and modeling (Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS)) in order to support the local community in the vulnerable downstream areas in the event of heavy rainfall upstream. The structure of the designed system consists of these following components: (1) real-time hydro-meteorological monitoring network, (2) IoT communication infrastructure (Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), wireless networks), (3) database management system (bio-physical, socio-economic, hydro-meteorological, and inundation), (4) simulating and predicting model (SWAT, HEC-RAS), (5) automated simulating and predicting module, (6) flood warning module via short message service (SMS), (7) WebGIS, application for providing and managing hydro-meteorological and inundation data, and (8) users (citizens and government officers). The entire operating processes of the flood warning system (i.e., hydro-meteorological data collecting, transferring, updating, processing, running SWAT and HEC-RAS, visualizing) are automated. A complete flood warning system for the VGTB river basin has been developed as an outcome of this study, which enables the prediction of flood events 5 h in advance and with high accuracy of 80%.
Tacca chantrieri
André (1901) is a valuable evergreen rhizomatous herbaceous species that plays a crucial ecological and economic role in Vietnam’s evergreen broadleaf forests. However, the ...degradation of forest ecosystems poses a significant threat to its survival in the wild. This study aimed to develop a model for determining the potential land suitable for
Tacca chantrieri
in Ba-Vi Natural Park, utilizing SoilGrid data. The results revealed that the species primarily thrives in Ba Vi, Minh Quang, and Yen Bai communes, covering approximately 20.92% of the total area. Despite its adaptability,
Tacca chantrieri
is highly scarce in the wild, with only 30 identified population spots concentrated along streams and slopes. The Jackknife standard analysis identified five key variables influencing the potential distribution of
Tacca chantrieri
in Ba-Vi National Park: clay composition in soil (36.9% contribution), bulk (22.6%), organic carbon density (OCD) (16.4%), coarse fragments (CF) (13%), and silt (9.3%). These findings highlight the applicability of SoilGrid data in species distribution modeling for small areas, particularly in the absence of site-specific soil data. However, for precise and site-specific information, field data collection remains indispensable. The high AUC values (training data: 93.9%, test data: 94.9%) indicate the feasibility of developing an effective model for evergreen rhizomatous herbaceous species.
Summary
In the multicellular bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor, functions of developmental (bald) genes are required for the biosynthesis of SapB, a hydrophobic peptidic morphogen that facilitates ...aerial hyphae formation. Here, we show that aerial hyphal growth and SapB biosynthesis could be activated independently from the normal developmental cascade by providing unprogrammed expression of functionally interactive genes within the ram cluster. ramC, ramS and ramR were essential for normal growth of aerial hyphae, and ramR, a response regulator gene, was a key activator of development. The ramR gene restored growth of aerial hyphae and SapB formation in all bald strains tested (albeit only weakly in the bldC mutant), many of which are characterized by physiological defects. Disruption of the ramR gene abolished SapB biosynthesis and severely delayed growth of aerial hyphae. Transcription of ramR was developmentally controlled, and RamR function in vivo depended on its putative phosphorylation site (D53). We identified and mapped RamR targets immediately upstream of the region encoding ramC and ramS, a putative operon. Overexpression of ramR in the wild‐type strain increased SapB levels and caused a distinctive wrinkled surface topology. Based on these results, we propose that phenotypes of bald mutations reflect an early stage in the Streptomyces developmental programme similar to the spo0 mutations in the unicellular bacterium Bacillus subtilis, and that RamR has analogies to Spo0A, the Bacillus response regulator that integrates physiological signals before triggering endospore formation.
A two-phase cultivation system was developed which will enable studies of streptomycete differentiation by molecular biological and global techniques such as transcriptomics and proteomics. The ...system is based on a solid phase formed by glass beads corresponding to particles in soil, clay, or sand natural habitats of streptomycetes. The beads are immersed in a liquid medium that allows easy modification or replacement of nutrients and growth factors as well as radioactive labeling of proteins. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze morphological differentiation of streptomycetes on glass beads and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis to demonstrate the potential of the system for analyses of protein synthesis profiles during the developmental program. This system facilitates studies of differentiation including expression and posttranslation modifications of streptomycetes proteins, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and morphological development.
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells that activate T cells to kill cancer cells. The extracellular products of DCs have also been reported to perform the same function. In ...this study, we examined the in vitro differentiation of umbilical cord blood monocytes into DCs in the presence of GM-CSF, and interferon (IFN)-α. The resulting DC population (called IFN-DCs) were then matured in the presence of TNF-α, and pulsed with total protein extracted from A549 cancer cell line. The pulsed DCs and their conditioned medium were then used to stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes (alloLym). The proliferation and cytotoxicity of alloLym were then determined. The results showed that after 5 days of differentiation, the stimulated monocytes had the typical morphology and characteristic surface markers of DCs. Both unpulsed and pulsed IFN-DCs can induce the proliferation of alloLym, especially Vγ9γδ T cells. The conditioned medium from pulsed and unpulsed IFN-DCs culture also prompted the growth of Vγ9γδ T cells. Moreover, alloLym stimulated with pulsed DCs and their conditioned medium had a greater cytotoxic effect on A549 cells than the ones that were not stimulated. Our results indicated that IFN-DCs and their conditioned medium could induce the anti-tumor immunity in vitro, providing evidence for application of cord blood monocytes-derived, interferon-α- stimulated dendritic cells and their extracellular products in anti-cancer therapy.
The world's most creative producers of natural pharmaceutical compounds are soil-dwelling bacteria classified as Streptomyces. The availability of the recently completed Streptomyces coelicolor ...genome sequence provides a link between the folklore of antibiotics and other bioactive compounds to underlying biochemical, molecular genetic and evolutionary principles.
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