Vu Gia-Thu Bon (VGTB) river basin is an area where flash flood and heavy flood events occur frequently, negatively impacting the local community and socio-economic development of Quang Nam Province. ...In recent years, structural and non-structural solutions have been implemented to mitigate damages due to floods. However, under the impact of climate change, natural disasters continue to happen unpredictably day by day. It is, therefore, necessary to develop a spatial decision support system for real-time flood warnings in the VGTB river basin, which will support in ensuring the area's socio-economic development. The main purpose of this study is to develop an online flood warning system in real-time based on Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies, GIS, telecommunications, and modeling (Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS)) in order to support the local community in the vulnerable downstream areas in the event of heavy rainfall upstream. The structure of the designed system consists of these following components: (1) real-time hydro-meteorological monitoring network, (2) IoT communication infrastructure (Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), wireless networks), (3) database management system (bio-physical, socio-economic, hydro-meteorological, and inundation), (4) simulating and predicting model (SWAT, HEC-RAS), (5) automated simulating and predicting module, (6) flood warning module via short message service (SMS), (7) WebGIS, application for providing and managing hydro-meteorological and inundation data, and (8) users (citizens and government officers). The entire operating processes of the flood warning system (i.e., hydro-meteorological data collecting, transferring, updating, processing, running SWAT and HEC-RAS, visualizing) are automated. A complete flood warning system for the VGTB river basin has been developed as an outcome of this study, which enables the prediction of flood events 5 h in advance and with high accuracy of 80%.
A kinetic model is developed, based on the power law of growth and Avrami's concepts in nuclei growth, to characterise the heterogeneous nature of kraft pulping kinetics, taking into account the ...effects of effective alkali concentration, sulphidity, and temperature.
The final form of the model applied to kraft pulping of thin chips of
Eucalyptus nitens in isothermal flow-through reactors can be represented by a first order rate equation with a time-dependent rate constant:
−
d
L
d
t
=
8.55
×
10
9
×
OH
−
0.31
×
HS
−
0.43
×
exp
(
−
97.3
R
T
)
n
×
t
1
−
n
×
L
The exponential
n varies within 0.62–1.36. This variation reflexes the non-homogeneous nature of the wood samples. The average value of
n for all the samples is close to 1, suggesting that the classic first-order rate equations can be also used to approximate the delignification kinetics of large samples of
E. nitens chips.
Studies of rodent models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of human tissues suggest that the retinal changes that occur in AD, including the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), may serve as surrogate ...markers of brain Aβ levels. As Aβ has a wavelength-dependent effect on light scatter, we investigate the potential for in vivo retinal hyperspectral imaging to serve as a biomarker of brain Aβ. Significant differences in the retinal reflectance spectra are found between individuals with high Aβ burden on brain PET imaging and mild cognitive impairment (n = 15), and age-matched PET-negative controls (n = 20). Retinal imaging scores are correlated with brain Aβ loads. The findings are validated in an independent cohort, using a second hyperspectral camera. A similar spectral difference is found between control and 5xFAD transgenic mice that accumulate Aβ in the brain and retina. These findings indicate that retinal hyperspectral imaging may predict brain Aβ load.
Despite gallstone diseases (GSDs) being a major public health concern with both acute and chronic episodes, none of the studies in Vietnam has been conducted to investigate the household expenditure ...for the GSD treatment. The objective of this study was to estimate the costs of managing GSD and to explore the prevalence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) among Vietnamese patients.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2016 to March 2017 in the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. A total of 206 patients were enrolled. Demographic and socioeconomic data, household income, and direct and indirect medical costs of patients seeking treatment for GSD were collected through face-to-face interview. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with CHE.
The prevalence of CHE in patients suffering from GSD was 35%. The percentage of patients who were covered by health insurance and at risk for CHE was 41.2%, significantly higher than that of those noninsured (15.8%). Proportions of patients with and without health insurance who sought outpatient treatment were 30.6% and 81.6%, respectively. Patients who were divorced or widowed and had intrahepatic gallstones were significantly more likely to experience CHE. Those who were outpatients, were women, had history of pharmacological treatment to parasitic infection, and belong to middle and highest monthly household income quantile were significantly less likely to experience CHE.
The findings suggested that efforts to re-evaluate health insurance reimbursement capacity, especially for acute diseases and taking into account the varying preferences of people with different disease severity, should be conducted by health authority. Further studies concerning CHE of GSD in the context of ongoing health policy reform should consider utilizing WHO-recommended measures like the fairness in financial contribution index, as well as taking into consideration the behavioral aspects of health care spending.
Sulfur and methane oxidation by a single microorganism Gwak, Joo-Han; Awala, Samuel Imisi; Nguyen, Ngoc-Loi ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS,
08/2022, Letnik:
119, Številka:
32
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Natural and anthropogenic wetlands are major sources of the atmospheric greenhouse gas methane. Methane emissions from wetlands are mitigated by methanotrophic bacteria at the oxic–anoxic interface, ...a zone of intense redox cycling of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds. Here, we report on the isolation of an aerobic methanotrophic bacterium, ‘
Methylovirgula thiovorans
' strain HY1, which possesses metabolic capabilities never before found in any methanotroph. Most notably, strain HY1 is the first bacterium shown to aerobically oxidize both methane and reduced sulfur compounds for growth. Genomic and proteomic analyses showed that soluble methane monooxygenase and XoxF-type alcohol dehydrogenases are responsible for methane and methanol oxidation, respectively. Various pathways for respiratory sulfur oxidation were present, including the Sox–rDsr pathway and the S
4
I system. Strain HY1 employed the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle for CO
2
fixation during chemolithoautotrophic growth on reduced sulfur compounds. Proteomic and microrespirometry analyses showed that the metabolic pathways for methane and thiosulfate oxidation were induced in the presence of the respective substrates. Methane and thiosulfate could therefore be independently or simultaneously oxidized. The discovery of this versatile bacterium demonstrates that methanotrophy and thiotrophy are compatible in a single microorganism and underpins the intimate interactions of methane and sulfur cycles in oxic–anoxic interface environments.
Possession of the neck allows vertebrates to move the head independently from the trunk. Fish do not have the neck and thus the cranial mobility could be limited. Oxudercine gobies show full range of ...habitat transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments and exhibit flexible cranial movement, yet the cranium-movement apparatus is little known. In this study, we investigated the anatomy of the structure of the eight oxudercine gobies, Oxuderces nexipinnis, Parapocryptes serperaster, Pseudapocryptes elongatus, Scartelaos histophorus, Boleophthalmus boddarti, Periophthalmus chrysospilos, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, and Periophthalmodon septemradiatus. These species share similarities in the specialized features of the craniovertebral joint and the epaxials attaching onto different locations of the neurocranium. On the other hand, large space between the ventral portions of the craniovertebral joint only occurs in O. nexipinnis, Pd. elongatus, Pn. schlosseri and Pn. septemradiatus. Hypaxials are hypertrophied at the insertion point and attach more anteriorly onto the ventral side of the neurocranium in B. boddarti, O. nexipinnis, Pa. serperaster, Pd. elongatus, and S. histophorus, whereas the muscles are small and attach posteriorly in the remaining species. There were significant differences in the area occupancy ratio of the post-cranial neural spines, the lever arm ratio of the cranial rotation, and the angle between the horizontal plane and the plane through the craniovertebral joint among the species. The cranial depression presumably facilitates grazing of oxudercine gobies in their early stage of terrestrial transition, whereas the cranial elevation parameters are contradictory to the terrestrial gradient. The cranium-movement morphometrics partially agree with the phylogeny.
•The specialized morphology of the craniovertebral joint could allow flexible movement of the cranium.•Hypertrophied hypaxials attaching more anteriorly on the neurocranium may facilitate the head depression during feeding.•The craniomovement features may be explained by the feeding habits, partially by relationships but not byterrestrialization.
An Fe-MIL-88B/graphene oxide (GO) composite was successfully synthesized by the hydrofluoric acid (HF) free-solvothermal method. The sample was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 ...adsorption-desorption Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) method, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). BET shows that Fe-MIL-88B/GO is of a mesoporous structure, while XRD and XPS results reveal that besides the Fe-MIL-88B phase, a new α-FeOOH phase in the novel Fe-MIL-88B/GO composite is formed. The as-prepared Fe-MIL-88B/GO nanocomposite was used to test the photocatalytic degradation of reactive dye (reactive red-RR195) from aqueous solution. This novel metal-organic framework (MOF)/GO composite exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity. Thus, after 25 min of reaction under simulated sunlight irradiation, removal efficiency reached 98%. Moreover, this composite still maintained high photocatalytic activity after three cycles of reaction runs, indicating its high stability and reusability. This opens a new application potential for MOF/GO as a highly efficient photo-Fenton catalyst.
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