A unified study of necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of intersection points and other important points in mathematical analysis is presented. The results are established in ...topologically based settings and shown to have equivalent formulations for various kinds of important points. For set-valued maps from a set to a topological space, instead of a convexity structure on this set, we use two general structures. The first structure is based on continuous single-valued maps from simpleces to the aforementioned set in order to extend the ideas of Knaster-Kuratowski-Mazurkiewicz and Fan for convex hulls. The second one is based on single-valued maps from the unit interval of the real line to the considered set and extends the classical connectedness properties. The general existence theorems of the above types are crucial tools in studies of the solution existence in optimization and other areas of applied mathematics. Here we choose minimax problems for applications of our general theorems. Our results are new, or improve or include as special cases many known results.
•Using propranolol for adult severely burn patients could be safe with low rate of adverse effects.•Propranolol can significantly reduce resting energy expenditure, limit increased liver ...size.•Propranolol accelerate wound healing for donor sites and partial thickness burn injuries but do not improve mortality rate.•Further studies need to be conducted to determine further effect of propranolol in adult burn patients.
This study investigated safety and effect of propranolol on adult patients with severe burn.
A prospective study was conducted on 124 severely adult burn patients who were randomly divided into propranolol and non-propranolol group. Propranolol was given by nasogastric tube to achieve the target of lowering 15–20% of initial heart rate.
Average dose of propranolol was 1.9 ± 0.5 mg/kg/day ranging from 0.9 to 3.3 mg/kg/day and was not affected by burn extent and inhalation injury. Mean heart rate reduced by 21.2% during the 28 day period. Recorded adverse events included hypotension (11.9%), bradycardia (1.6%), hypoglycemia (17.7%) and total number of held events was 8 occurring in 7 (11.3%) patients. Serum levels of glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol and triglyceride at different times were not significantly different between the two groups. Significantly lower resting energy expenditure on the 7th and 14th day were seen in propranolol group (p < 0.05). After 3 weeks, liver size in the propranolol group did not change significantly from admission, while in the non-propranolol group, liver size increased significantly (p < 0.05). The complete healing time of partial-thickness burns and donor sites were significantly shorter in propranolol group (p < 0.01). Duration of ventilation, length of stay in intensive care unit and in hospital, number of operations, rate of multiple organ failure, and death were not different between the two groups (p > 0.05).
For severely burned adults, propranolol was safe and effective on reducing energy expenditure, limited hepatomegaly, and accelerated partial burn wound and donor site closure, but does not affect length of stay in ICU, hospitalization, complication ormortality rate.
We aim to establish Karush-Kuhn-Tucker multiplier rules involving higher-order complementarity slackness under Hölder metric subregularity. These rules may be in the nonclassical form, i.e., their ...right-hand side is a supremum expression (instead of zero as in the classical form). We consider a general problem setting of set-valued optimization and are interested in some typical types of solutions: weak, Henig-proper, positively-proper, and Borwein-proper solutions. To this end, we propose and apply a concept of a quasi-contingent derivative of index
γ
∈
0
,
∞
and define suitable critical directions. We impose generalized constraint qualifications of the Mangasarian-Fromovitz and Kurcyusz-Robinson-Zowe types to have nonvanishing objective multipliers. Our results are new or improve significantly recent existing ones.
Tetanus is a disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an objective clinical marker with potential value in tetanus. This study aimed to investigate ...the use of wearable devices to collect HRV data and the relationship between HRV and tetanus severity. Data were collected from 110 patients admitted to the intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital in Vietnam. HRV indices were calculated from 5-minute segments of 24-hour electrocardiogram recordings collected using wearable devices. HRV was found to be inversely related to disease severity. The standard deviation of NN intervals and interquartile range of RR intervals (IRRR) were significantly associated with the presence of muscle spasms; low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) indices were significantly associated with severe respiratory compromise; and the standard deviation of differences between adjacent NN intervals, root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats, LF to HF ratio, total frequency power, and IRRR, were significantly associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction. The findings support the potential value of HRV as a marker for tetanus severity, identifying specific indices associated with clinical severity thresholds. Data were recorded using wearable devices, demonstrating this approach in resource-limited settings where most tetanus occurs.
This study seeks to better understand the determinants of green building technology (GBT) adoption intention of construction developers in developing countries. In order to address these objectives, ...this study integrates the Diffusion of Innovation theory, the theory of Resource-based View, and the Resource Dependence Theory to analyze and construct the theoretical model of developers’ intentions to adopt GBTs from three perspectives, namely, technological, organizational, and environmental. The model was tested using survey data collected from 142 experienced managers in Vietnam. Data analysis was performed by SEM using the partial least squares (PLS) approach. The findings show that perceived GBT advantages, perceived GBT disadvantages, top management leadership, government support, project partners’ green building readiness, and social demand of green buildings are the significant factors that affect GBT adoption intention by developers. However, organizational GBT resource and GBT market readiness have no significant effect on developers’ GBT adoption intention. Theoretical and practical implications and limitations of the research are discussed, and suggestions for future research are also proposed.
We report a superspreading event of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection initiated at a bar in Vietnam with evidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission, based on ...ministry of health reports, patient interviews, and whole-genome sequence analysis. Crowds in enclosed indoor settings with poor ventilation may be considered at high risk for transmission.
We consider higher-order conditions and sensitivity analysis for solutions to equilibrium problems. The conditions for solutions are in terms of quasi-contingent derivatives and involve higher-order ...complementarity slackness for both the objective and the constraints and under Hölder metric subregularity assumptions. For sensitivity analysis, a formula of this type of derivative of the solution map to a parametric equilibrium problem is established in terms of the same types of derivatives of the data of the problem. Here, the concepts of a quasi-contingent derivative and critical directions are new. We consider open-cone solutions and proper solutions. We also study an important and typical special case: weak solutions of a vector minimization problem with mixed constraints. The results are significantly new and improve recent corresponding results in many aspects.
Severe tetanus is characterized by muscle spasm and cardiovascular system disturbance. The pathophysiology of muscle spasm is relatively well understood and involves inhibition of central inhibitory ...synapses by tetanus toxin. That of cardiovascular disturbance is less clear, but is believed to relate to disinhibition of the autonomic nervous system. The clinical syndrome of autonomic nervous system dysfunction (ANSD) seen in severe tetanus is characterized principally by changes in heart rate and blood pressure which have been linked to increased circulating catecholamines. Previous studies have described varying relationships between catecholamines and signs of ANSD in tetanus, but are limited by confounders and assays used. In this study, we aimed to perform detailed characterization of the relationship between catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline), cardiovascular parameters (heart rate and blood pressure) and clinical outcomes (ANSD, mechanical ventilation required, and length of intensive care unit stay) in adults with tetanus, as well as examine whether intrathecal antitoxin administration affected subsequent catecholamine excretion. Noradrenaline and adrenaline were measured by ELISA from 24-h urine collections taken on day 5 of hospitalization in 272 patients enrolled in a 2 × 2 factorial-blinded randomized controlled trial in a Vietnamese hospital. Catecholamine results measured from 263 patients were available for analysis. After adjustment for potential confounders (i.e., age, sex, intervention treatment, and medications), there were indications of non-linear relationships between urinary catecholamines and heart rate. Adrenaline and noradrenaline were associated with subsequent development of ANSD, and length of ICU stay.
We develop versions of the subgradient extragradient method for variational inequalities in Hilbert spaces and establish sufficient conditions for their convergence. First we prove a sufficient ...condition for a weak convergence of a recent existing algorithm under relaxed assumptions. Then, we propose two other algorithms. Both weak and strong convergence of the considered algorithms are studied. Under additional strong pseudomonotonicity and Lipschitz continuity assumptions, we obtain also a
Q
-linear convergence rate of these algorithms. Our results improve some recent contributions in the literature. Illustrative numerical experiments are also provided by the end of the paper.
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