Broadband tunable mid-infrared laser absorption spectroscopy is an in-situ analytical tool that holds promising prospects in the detection of complex analytes. It can provide structural and chemical ...information of molecules residing in samples or at the surfaces of samples through transmission or reflection mode correspondingly. We proposed polarization-dependent dual-mode surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) laser spectroscopy for the first time, which allows seamlessly switching between transmission and reflection modes. A new design of a six-pointed asterisk nanoantenna chip is incorporated to enhance the signal with elevated design freedom in terms of polarization-dependent resonance. The new chip has achieved the most uniform resonance coverage to our knowledge, over a bandwidth of 390 cm -1 across five main fingerprints of alanine. Our dual-mode SEIRA laser spectroscopy serves as an effective approach to detect broadband and densely-packed fingerprints, allowing comprehensive analysis of biomolecules.
Technological progress is an important way to realize the coordinated and stable development of economy and environment, and it is also a key factor to promote sustainable development. In the face of ...a large amount of literature data, traditional qualitative literature analysis methods have certain limitations and cannot objectively show the frontier trends of the research. Therefore, this article uses knowledge graph quantification and bibliometric analysis as research methods to quantitatively analyze technological progress. With the help of CiteSpace bibliometric tool and Web of Science database, this article draws the knowledge map, showing the basic characteristics, evolution logic, and hot frontiers of technological progress in the past 30 years, in order to grasp the new trend of technological progress research. The results show that: the number of studies on technological progress is increasing year by year, and China is the country with the largest number of publications. Research on technological progress mainly focuses on resource labor‐intensive industries on land, while less attention on ocean. The evolution of technological progress is characterized by three stages: theoretical exploration (1997–2005), empirical analysis (2006–2016), and application exploration (2017–2021), and the path analysis and the impact mechanism of technological progress in the field of energy conservation and emission reduction are the focus of scholars at this stage. Finally, this article makes prospects from the aspects of research perspective, theme and content, so as to provide a reference basis for promoting scientific decision‐making of sustainable development.
Large amount of dredged silt has been produced in the construction of water conservancy projects and oceanographic projects in China every year. Solidification and modification of dredging silt, to ...transfer it to good geotechnical materials, will be significant benefits on the sustainable development of the society. The curing effect of dredging soil isnt good if selecting cement as the single main curing agent. In this paper, the industrial steel slag and waste slag were chosen as the main curing agent and matching with cement and alkali activator, such as water glass, gypsum and sulfate. The help curing agent dosage range has been determined by single doped tests. Then the best ratio of GKCS curing agent has been determined through orthogonal tests. The research shows that the unconfined compressive strength can be achieved 5905kPa after using GKCS curing agent modified dredged soil.
Noninvasive and real-time human red blood cell (RBC) counting has high application value in the process of surgery, basic medical research, disease diagnosis and daily management. In this paper, ...dynamic spectrum (DS) theory was applied to noninvasive human RBC counting under the guidance of “M + N” theory, meanwhile one-by-one elimination method was used to remove the redundant information and increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of DS for the first time. To illustrate the effectiveness of this method, DS of 317 volunteers were analyzed. According to the PLS modeling effect, the correlation coefficient of prediction set (Rp) is 0.893, the root mean square error ofprediction set (RMSEP) is 0.196 × 1012/L, the correlation coefficient of calibration set (Rc) is 0.926 and the root mean square error ofcalibration set (RMSEC) is 0.180 × 1012/L. This paper suggests that the DS theory has the potential to realize clinical application of noninvasive human RBC counting.
Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to attenuate airway inflammation in asthmatic mice; however, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Studies have shown that EA can significantly ...increase the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in mice, and can also increase the expression level of GABA type A receptor (GABAAR). Furthermore, activating GABAAR may relieve inflammation in asthma by suppressing toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of GABAergic system and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in asthmatic mice treated with EA.
A mouse model of asthma was established, and a series of methods including Western blot and histological staining assessment were employed to detect the level of GABA, and expressions of GABAAR and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB in lung tissue. In addition, GABAAR antagonist was used to further validate the role and mechanism of GABAergic system in mediating the therapeutic effect of EA in asthma.
The mouse model of asthma was established successfully, and EA was verified to alleviate airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. The release of GABA and the expression of GABAAR were significantly increased in asthmatic mice treated with EA compared with untreated asthmatic mice ( P < 0.01), and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway was down-regulated. Moreover, inhibition of GABAAR attenuated the beneficial effects of EA in asthma, including the regulation of airway resistance and inflammation, as well as the inhibitory effects on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Our findings suggest that GABAergic system may be involved in mediating the therapeutic effect of EA in asthma, possibly by suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
The significant morbidity and mortality resulted from the infection of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) call for urgent development of effective and safe vaccines. We ...report the immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, KCONVAC, in healthy adults.
Phase 1 and phase 2 randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials of KCONVAC were conducted in healthy Chinese adults aged 18 to 59 years. The participants in the phase 1 trial were randomized to receive two doses, one each on Days 0 and 14, of either KCONVAC (5 or 10 μg/dose) or placebo. The participants in the phase 2 trial were randomized to receive either KCONVAC (at 5 or 10 μg/dose) or placebo on Days 0 and 14 (0/14 regimen) or Days 0 and 28 (0/28 regimen). In the phase 1 trial, the primary safety endpoint was the proportion of participants experiencing adverse reactions/events within 28 days following the administration of each dose. In the phase 2 trial, the primary immunogenicity endpoints were neutralization antibody seroconversion and titer and anti-receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G seroconversion at 28 days after the second dose.
In the phase 1 trial, 60 participants were enrolled and received at least one dose of 5-μg vaccine (n = 24), 10-μg vaccine (n = 24), or placebo (n = 12). In the phase 2 trial, 500 participants were enrolled and received at least one dose of 5-μg vaccine (n = 100 for 0/14 or 0/28 regimens), 10-μg vaccine (n = 100 for each regimen), or placebo (n = 50 for each regimen). In the phase 1 trial, 13 (54%), 11 (46%), and seven (7/12) participants reported at least one adverse event (AE) after receiving 5-, 10-μg vaccine, or placebo, respectively. In the phase 2 trial, 16 (16%), 19 (19%), and nine (18%) 0/14-regimen participants reported at least one AE after receiving 5-, 10-μg vaccine, or placebo, respectively. Similar AE incidences were observed in the three 0/28-regimen treatment groups. No AEs with an intensity of grade 3+ were reported, expect for one vaccine-unrelated serious AE (foot fracture) reported in the phase 1 trial. KCONVAC induced significant antibody responses; 0/28 regimen showed a higher immune responses than that did 0/14 regimen after receiving two vaccine doses.
Both doses of KCONVAC are well tolerated and able to induce robust immune responses in healthy adults. These results support testing 5-μg vaccine in the 0/28 regimen in an upcoming phase 3 efficacy trial.
http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx (No. ChiCTR2000038804, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=62350; No. ChiCTR2000039462, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=63353).
To evaluate the effects of CuO nanoparticles on friction and vibration behaviors of grease on rolling bearing, lithium complex grease (LCG), polyurea grease (PG), calcium sulfonate complex grease ...(CSCG) and these three greases containing 1 wt% CuO nanoparticles were prepared respectively. The microstructure, friction coefficient, wear surface and bearing vibration test of six greases were investigated in detail. The results show tribological properties of PG are improved most significantly, with the friction coefficient and wear scar diameter decrease, and the wear surface is fine and smooth. This is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of lamellar thickener structure and CuO nanoparticles. Further, the addition of CuO nanoparticles to PG also has an obvious inhibitory effect on bearing vibration.
•The three thickeners show coiled fibrous, lamellar and reticular microstructure.•The CuO nanoparticles have different effects on friction of the three greases.•The CuO nanoparticles affect the vibration of bearing with three greases.
The surface microstructure of biomimetic Procambarus clarkia claw was prepared on the surface of GCr15 steel, then PTFE solid lubricants dispersed with three different hardness nanoparticles (C, ZnO, ...Al2O3) were filled in. The results of the tribological experiment show the textured surface lubricated by PTFE with Al2O3 nanoparticles reflected the best performances. Because PTFE stored by the bionic texture could be supplied to the friction surface to form a solid lubrication film. Due to the addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles, the hardness and wear resistance of the film are improved, thus avoiding a large loss of PTFE. And the process of "rolling-embedding PTFE surface-exposing-rolling" occurs. As a final, the surface tribological properties of GCr15 steel can be significantly improved.
•The PTFE could be supplied to the friction surface to form a solid lubrication film.•The Al2O3 nano-particles enhance hardness and wear resistance of lubricant film.•The textured surface lubricated by PTFE with Al2O3 reflected the best performance.
Echinacoside (ECH) is a phenylethanoid glycoside extracted from a Chinese herbal medicine, Cistanches salsa. ECH possesses many biological properties, including anti‐inflammation, neural protection, ...liver protection, and antitumor. In the current study, we aimed to explore the effects of ECH on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that ECH could attenuate diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced HCC in mice, and exerted antiproliferative and proapoptotic functions on HepG2 HCC cell line. ECH exposure in HepG2 cells dose‐dependently reduced the phosphorylation of AKT (p‐AKT) and enhanced the expression of p21 (a cell cycle inhibitor) and Bax (a proapoptotic protein). Furthermore, ECH significantly suppressed insulin‐like growth factor‐1‐induced p‐AKT and cell proliferation. These data indicated that phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling was involved in the anti‐HCC activity of ECH. Gene set enrichment analysis results revealed a positive correlation between the PI3K pathway and triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) expression in HCC tissues. ECH exposure significantly decreased TREM2 protein levels in HepG2 cells and DEN‐induced HCC. Furthermore, ECH‐mediated proliferation inhibition and AKT signaling inactivation were notably attenuated by TREM2 overexpression. In conclusion, ECH exerted its antitumor activity via decreasing TREM2 expression and PI3K/AKT signaling.
Echinacoside (ECH) could attenuate diethylnitrosamine‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in mice, and exerted antiproliferative and proapoptotic functions on HepG2 HCC cell line. ECH exerted its antitumor activity via decreasing TREM2 expression and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/AKT signaling.
PDF
