Using Science Verification data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA), we have identified and imaged five rotational transitions (J = 5–4 and J = 6–5) of the three silicon ...monoxide isotopologues 28SiO v = 0, 1, 2 and 29SiO v = 0 and 28Si18O v = 0 in the frequency range from 214 to 246 GHz towards the Orion BN/KL region. The emission of the ground-state 28SiO, 29SiO and 28Si18O shows an extended bipolar shape in the northeast-southwest direction at the position of Radio Source I, indicating that these isotopologues trace an outflow (~18 km s-1, PA ~ 50°, ~5000 AU in diameter) that is driven by this embedded high-mass young stellar object (YSO). Whereas on small scales (10–1000 AU) the outflow from Source I has a well-ordered spatial and velocity structure, as probed by Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) imaging of SiO masers, the large scales (500–5000 AU) probed by thermal SiO with ALMA reveal a complex structure and velocity field, most likely related to the effects of the environment of the BN/KL region on the outflow emanating from Source I. The emission of the vibrationally-excited species peaks at the position of Source I. This emission is compact and not resolved at an angular resolution of ~1\hbox{$\farcs$}.″5 (~600 AU at a distance of 420 pc). 2D Gaussian fitting to individual velocity channels locates emission peaks within radii of 100 AU, i.e. they trace the innermost part of the outflow. A narrow spectral profile and spatial distribution of the v = 1 J = 5–4 line similar to the masing v = 1 J = 1–0 transition, provide evidence for the most highly rotationally excited (frequency > 200 GHz) SiO maser emission associated with Source I known to date. The maser emission will enable studies of the Source I disk-outflow interface with future ALMA longest baselines.
Using broadband photometry from the Hubble Space Telescope in combination with Very Large Telescope narrowband Hα observations of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 300, we explore a method for estimating ...the escape fractions of hydrogen-ionizing photons from H ii regions within this galaxy. Our goal in this concept study is to evaluate the spectral types of the most massive stars using the broadband data and estimating their ionizing photon output with the help of stellar atmosphere models. A comparison with the Hα flux that gives the amount of ionized gas in the H ii region provides a measure of the escape fraction of ionizing photons from that region. We performed some tests with a number of synthetic young clusters with varying parameters to assess the reliability of the method. However, we found that the derived stellar spectral types and consequently the expected ionizing photon luminosity of a region is highly uncertain. The tests also show that on one hand we tended to overestimate the integrated photon output of a region for young ages and low numbers of stars, and on the other hand we mostly underestimated the combined ionizing luminosity for a large stellar number and older cluster ages. We conclude that the proposed method of using stellar broadband photometry to infer the leakage of ionizing photons from H ii regions is highly uncertain and dominated by the errors of the resulting stellar spectral types. Therefore this method is not suitable. Stellar spectra are needed to reliably determine the stellar types and escape fractions. Studies to this end have been carried out for the Magellanic Clouds.
We report the spectroscopic discovery of abundance spreads (i.e. multiple populations) in the similar to 2 Gyr old cluster in the LMC, Hodge 6. We use low-resolution VLT FORS2 spectra of 15 member ...stars in the cluster to measure their CN and CH band strengths at similar or equal to 3883 and 4300 angstrom, respectively, as well as C/Fe and N/Fe abundances. We find a subpopulation of two stars that are enriched in nitrogen, and we conclude that this subpopulation is evidence of multiple populations in Hodge 6. This is the second similar to 2 Gyr old cluster (the first being NGC 1978 in the LMC) to show multiple populations and the first spectroscopic detection of MPs in a cluster of this age. This result is interesting as it hints at a possible relationship between the disappearance of extended main sequence turn-offs in clusters younger than similar to 2 Gyr and the onset of multiple populations at similar to 2 Gyr, which should be explored further.
We present proper motion (PM) measurements for a sample of 23 massive star clusters within the Large Magellanic Cloud using multi-epoch data from the Hubble $. To demonstrate the potential and ...limitations of our PM data set, we analysed the cluster NGC 1850 and showcase a selection of different science applications. The precision of the PM measurements allows us to disentangle the kinematics of the various stellar populations that are present in the HST field. The cluster has a centre-of-mass motion that is different from the surrounding old field stars and also differs from the mean motion of a close-by group of very young stars. We determined the velocity dispersion of field stars to be $0.128 $ (corresponding to $30.3 $). The velocity dispersion of the cluster inferred from the PM data set most probably overestimates the true value, suggesting that the precision of the measurements at this stage is not sufficient for a reliable analysis of the internal kinematics of extra-galactic star clusters. Finally, we exploit the PM-cleaned catalogue of likely cluster members to determine any radial segregation between fast and slowly-rotating stars, finding that the former are more centrally concentrated. With this paper, we also release the astro-photometric catalogues for each cluster.
Using broadband photometry from the Hubble Space Telescope in combination with Very Large Telescope narrowband Halpha observations of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 300, we explore a method for ...estimating the escape fractions of hydrogen-ionizing photons from Hii regions within this galaxy. Our goal in this concept study is to evaluate the spectral types of the most massive stars using the broadband data and estimating their ionizing photon output with the help of stellar atmosphere models. A comparison with the Halpha flux that gives the amount of ionized gas in the Hii region provides a measure of the escape fraction of ionizing photons from that region. We performed some tests with a number of synthetic young clusters with varying parameters to assess the reliability of the method. However, we found that the derived stellar spectral types and consequently the expected ionizing photon luminosity of a region is highly uncertain. The tests also show that on one hand we tended to overestimate the integrated photon output of a region for young ages and low numbers of stars, and on the other hand we mostly underestimated the combined ionizing luminosity for a large stellar number and older cluster ages. We conclude that the proposed method of using stellar broadband photometry to infer the leakage of ionizing photons from Hii regions is highly uncertain and dominated by the errors of the resulting stellar spectral types. Therefore this method is not suitable. Stellar spectra are needed to reliably determine the stellar types and escape fractions. Studies to this end have been carried out for the Magellanic Clouds.
The VMC survey Niederhofer, F.; Cioni, M.-R. L.; Rubele, S. ...
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin),
5/2018, Letnik:
613
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We present the first spatially resolved map of stellar proper motions within the central (~3.1 × 2.4 kpc) regions of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The data used for this study encompasses four ...tiles from the ongoing near-infrared VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds system and covers a total contiguous area on the sky of ~6.81 deg
2
. Proper motions have been calculated independently in two dimensions from the spatial offsets in the
K
s
filter over time baselines between 22 and 27 months. The reflex motions of approximately 33 000 background galaxies are used to calibrate the stellar motions to an absolute scale. The resulting catalog is composed of more than 690 000 stars which have been selected based on their position in the (
J
−
K
s
,
K
s
) color-magnitude diagram. For the median absolute proper motion of the SMC, we find (
μ
α
cos(
δ
),
μ
δ
) = (1.087 ± 0.192 (sys.) ± 0.003 (stat.), −1.187 ± 0.008 (sys.) ± 0.003 (stat.)) mas yr
−1
, consistent with previous studies. Mapping the proper motions as a function of position within the SMC reveals a nonuniform velocity pattern indicative of a tidal feature behind the main body of the SMC and a flow of stars in the south-east moving predominantly along the line-of-sight.
The project Massive Unseen Companions to Hot Faint Underluminous Stars from SDSS (MUCHFUSS) aims to find sdBs with compact companions such as massive white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes. Here ...we provide classifications, atmospheric parameters, and a complete radial velocity (RV) catalogue containing 1914 single measurements for a sample of 177 hot subluminous stars discovered based on SDSS DR7; 110 stars show significant RV variability, while 67 qualify as candidates. We constrain the fraction of close massive compact companions of hydrogen-rich hot subdwarfs in our sample to be smaller than ~1.3%, which is already close to the theoretical predictions. However, the sample might still contain such binaries with longer periods exceeding ~8 d. We detect a mismatch between the ΔRVmax-distribution of the sdB and the more evolved sdOB and sdO stars, which challenges our understanding of their evolutionary connection. Furthermore, irregular RV variations of unknown origin with amplitudes of up to ~180 km s-1 on timescales of years, days, and even hours have been detected in some He-sdO stars. They might be connected to irregular photometric variations in some cases.
Using Science Verification data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA), the authors have identified and imaged five rotational transitions of the three silicon monoxide ...isotopologues ...SiO ... ... 0, 1, 2 and ...SiO ... ... 0 and ...Si...O ... = 0 in the frequency range from 214 to 246 GHz towards the Orion BN/KL region. The emission of the vibrationally-excited species peaks at the position of Source I. This emission is compact and not resolved at an angular resolution of ...1...5. 2D Gaussian fitting to individual velocity channels locates emission peaks within radii of 100 AU, i.e. they trace the innermost part of the outflow. A narrow spectral profile and spatial distribution of the ... ... line similar to the masing ... ... transition, provide evidence for the most highly rotationally excited SiO maser emission associated with Source I known to date.(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
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