genus of Asteraceae family is a source of medicinal plants known worldwide and used as ethnopharmacological remedies for the treatment of diabetes in Northern Asia (Siberia). The aim of this study ...was to determine the phenolic profile of 12 Siberian
species (
) and to test the efficacy of plant extracts and pure compounds for antidiabetic potential. Finally, by HPLC-DAD-ESI-TQ-MS/MS technique, 112 individual phenolic compounds were detected in
extracts in a wide range of concentrations. Some species accumulated rare plant phenolics, such as coumarin-hemiterpene ethers (lacarol derivatives) from
and
; melilotoside from
; dihydrochalcones (davidigenin analogs) from
; chrysoeriol glucosides from
, and
; eriodictyol glycosides from
; and some uncommon flavones and flavonols. The predominant phenolic group from
species herb was caffeoylquinic acid (CQAs), and in all species, the major CQAs were 5-
-CQA (20.28-127.99 μg/g) and 3,5-di-
-CQA (7.35-243.61 μg/g). In a series of
bioassays, all studied
extracts showed inhibitory activity against principal enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, such as α-amylase (IC
= 150.24-384.14 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC
= 214.42-754.12 μg/mL). Although many phenolic compounds can be inhibitors, experimental evidence suggests that the CQAs were key to the biological response of
extracts. Mono-, di- and tri-substituted CQAs were assayed and showed inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC
values of 40.57-172.47 μM and 61.08-1240.35 μM, respectively, and they were more effective than acarbose, a well-known enzyme inhibitor. The results obtained in this study reveal that Siberian
species and CQAs possess a pronounced inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase and could become a complement to synthetic antidiabetic drugs for controlling blood glucose level.
Adams' rhododendron (
Rehder) or Sagan Dalya tea is a famous Siberian evergreen medical plant of the Ericaceae family used in traditional medicines of Buryats, Yakuts, and Mongols as a tonic, ...stimulant, and adaptogenic drug. The high popularity of
coupled with poor scientific knowledge prompted the addressing of gaps related to metabolic and biomedical data of Sagan Dalya tea. The application of solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric techniques for the metabolomic study of
leaf extracts resulted in the identification of more than 170 compounds, including carbohydrates, organic acids, simple phenol glycosides, triterpene glycosides, flavonoids, prenylated phenols, benzoic acid derivatives, hydroxycinnamates, dihydrochalcones, catechins, and procyanidins, most of which were identified for the first time in the plant. Extended surveys of the seasonal content of all detected compounds prove that specific metabolite variations reflect the bioactivity of
extracts. Regarding in vitro methods, the expressed antioxidant potential of
extracts was investigated via radical-scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, and ferrous (II) ion chelating assays. The animal-based swimming to exhaustion test demonstrates the stimulating influence of
extract on physical performance and endurance, concluding that the drug could act as an adaptogen. Thus, Sagan Dalya tea (
) has confirmed its "old" application as a tonic remedy and requires further precise study as a novel adaptogenic plant.
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