A simple ratiometric probe (Naph‐Rh) has been designed and synthesized based on a through‐bond energy transfer (TBET) system for sensing HOCl. In this probe, rhodamine thiohydrazide and naphthalene ...formyl were connected by simple synthesis methods to construct a structure of monothio‐bishydrazide. Free probe Naph‐Rh showed only the emission of naphthalene. When probe Naph‐Rh reacted with HOCl, monothio‐bishydrazide could be converted into 1,2,4‐oxadiazole, which not only ensured that the donor and the acceptor were connected with electronically conjugated bonds, but also resulted in the spiro‐ring opening and the emission of rhodamine. Therefore, a typical TBET process took place. The probe possessed high‐energy transfer efficiency and large pseudo‐Stokes shifts. As the first TBET probe for HOCl, Naph‐Rh showed excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward HOCl over other reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and could respond fast to a low concentration of HOCl in the real sample. In addition, the probe was suitable for imaging HOCl in living cells due to its real‐time response, excellent resolution, and reduced cytotoxicity.
Selective and sensitive: A simple ratiometric probe (Naph‐Rh) has been designed and synthesized based on a through‐bond energy transfer (TBET) system for sensing HOCl. As the first TBET probe for HOCl, Naph‐Rh showed excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward HOCl over other reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and could respond fast to a low concentration of HOCl in the real sample (see scheme).
In this study, the aroma profiles of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from a new grape growing region, Loess Plateau, China, were established by gas chromatography⁻olfactometry, gas chromatography⁻mass ...spectrometry and sensory analysis. The sensory profiles of wines form five different young vineyards in the Loess Plateau region were obtained by descriptive analysis. Blackcurrant (
< 0.01), pear and dried plum (
< 0.05), mushroom, smoked and green pepper (
< 0.1) had significant differences on the five vineyards. A total of 76 odor-active aroma compounds were identified in the wines, and 45 volatile compounds were selected as those having the greatest impact on the aroma components and these were quantitated by five different methods. In addition, the correlation model of the Loess Plateau region's sensory characteristics and aroma compounds was established by partial least squares regression (PLSR) to determine the influence of various aroma active substances on aroma attributes.
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a generally poor prognosis, and molecular markers to improve early detection and predict outcomes are greatly needed. Here, we report that the ...BMP-binding follistatin-like protein FSTL1 is overexpressed in ESCCs, where it correlates with poor overall survival. Genetic amplification of FSTL1 or chromosome 3q, where it is located, occurred frequently in ESCC, where FSTL1 copy number correlated positively with higher FSTL1 protein expression. Elevating FSTL1 levels by various means was sufficient to drive ESCC cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, invasion, self-renewal, and cisplatin resistance
and tumorigenicity and distant metastasis
Conversely, FSTL1 attenuation by shRNA or neutralizing antibody elicited the opposite effects in ESCC cells. mRNA profiling analyses suggested that FSTL1 drives ESCC oncogenesis and metastasis through various pathways, with deregulation of NFκB and BMP signaling figuring prominently. Cross-talk between the NFκB and BMP pathways was evidenced by functional rescue experiments using inhibitors of NFκB and TLR4. Our results establish the significance of FSTL1 in driving oncogenesis and metastasis in ESCC by coordinating NFκB and BMP pathway control, with implications for its potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker and as a candidate therapeutic target in this disease setting.
.
Atherosclerosis (AS) is closely associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Metformin (MET) presents pleiotropic benefits in the control of chronic metabolic diseases, but the ...impacts of MET intervention on gut microbiota and inflammation in AS remain largely unclear. In this study,
ApoE
-/-
mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) were adopted to assess the MET treatment. After 12 weeks of MET intervention (100mg·kg
-1
·d
-1
), relevant indications were investigated. As indicated by the pathological measurements, the atherosclerotic lesion was alleviated with MET intervention. Moreover, parameters in AS including body weights (BWs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were elevated; whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) levels were decreased, which could be reversed by MET intervention. Elevated pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and lipopolysaccaride (LPS) in AS were decreased after MET administration. However, anti-inflammatory IL-10 showed no significant difference between AS group and AS+MET group. Consistently, accumulated macrophages in the aorta of AS were conversely lowered with MET treatment. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing and analysis displayed that the overall community of gut microbiota in AS was notably changed with MET treatment mainly through decreasing
Firmicutes
,
Proteobacteria
,
Romboutsia
,
Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes
, as well as increasing
Akkermansia
,
Bacteroidetes
,
Bifidobacterium
. Additionally, we found that microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid in AS were decreased, which were significantly up-regulated with MET intervention. Consistent with the attenuation of MET on gut dysbiosis, decreased intestinal tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO)-1 in AS was restored after MET supplementation. Correlation analysis showed close relationships among gut bacteria, microbial metabolites SCFAs and inflammation. Collectively, MET intervention ameliorates AS in
ApoE
-/-
mice through restoring gut dysbiosis and anti-inflammation, thus can potentially serve as an inexpensive and effective intervention for the control of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
The traditional Chinese medicine
Poria cum Radix Pini
(PRP) is a fungal medicinal material that has been proven to play an important role in the treatment of arrhythmia. However, the mechanism of its ...effect on arrhythmia is still unclear. In this study, network pharmacology and metabolomics correlation analysis methods were used to determine the key targets, metabolites and potential pathways involved in the effects of PRP on arrhythmia. The results showed that PRP can significantly improve cardiac congestion, shorten the SV-BA interval and reduce the apoptosis of myocardial cells induced by barium chloride in zebrafish. By upregulating the expression of the ADORA1 protein and the levels of adenosine and cGMP metabolites in the cGMP-PKG signalling pathway, PRP can participate in ameliorating arrhythmia. Therefore, we believe that PRP shows great potential for the treatment of arrhythmia.
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•PTGS2 may be a potential therapeutic target for pelvic inflammation disease (CPID).•RPR attenuates uterine inflammation in CPID rats by downregulating PTGS2 expression.•RPR can treat ...CPID by acting on the arachidonic acid pathway.
Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) is a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory effects that has been used in chronic pelvic inflammation disease (CPID) therapy. However, research on the mechanism of RPR in CPID therapy is lacking. Here, we used a network pharmacology method to screen targets and found that the PTGS2 target in the arachidonic acid (AA) pathway was significantly related to CPID. Then, regarding the molecular mechanism, it was further confirmed that RPR may reduce the development of CPID by regulating the PTGS2 target. The CPID rat model was established by mixed bacterial infection. We verified the expression of PTGS2 by immunohistochemical analysis, western blotting assays to detect the expression of PTGS2 protein, and polymerase chain reaction detection of PTGS2 mRNA expression. It was observed that the PTGS2 target decreased significantly after RPR administration at different doses. It is suggested that RPR can reverse the abnormal expression of PTGS2 in CPID rats. We believe that RPR is effective in the treatment of CPID, and RPR can reduce the inflammatory symptoms of CPID by regulating the level of PTGS2 in the AA pathway.
Iron-based PAA activation process is a promising advanced oxidation process for water decontamination which depends on Fe(II) as the main reactive site for PAA activation, resulting in various ...reactive oxidative species (ROSs) generation. For practical application, the impact of water matrix chloride ion (Cl-) on ROSs production and contaminants removal should be carefully considered. In this study, it's found that the introduction of Cl- (0.1-10 mM) could significantly enhance the reaction rate of the rapid stage (kobs1) up to 2.15 times at the initial pH of 4.25 in the Fe(II)/PAA system. Further studies demonstrated that the improved removal capacity of NAP resulted from Cl- induced R-O• generation as indicated by the exposure dose of R-O• increasing from 7.74 × 10-11 M•s to 1.44 × 10-10 M•s, rather than chlorine-containing radicals' generation. DFT calculation results suggested that the formed Fe(II)-Cl- complexes could easily activate PAA to generate more ROSs for NAP removal. Moreover, Fe(II)/PAA treatment can alleviate the biological toxicity of pollutants via both the Escherichia coli test and toxicity assessment. The obtained new knowledge manifested that Cl- can boost ROSs generation and conversion in iron-based PAA systems, providing guidance for the efficient decontamination of chlorine-containing sewage with PAA-based AOPs.
A novel Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, oxidase-positive and catalase-negative bacterium, designated strain SM1970
T
, was isolated from a seawater sample collected from the Mariana Trench. ...Strain SM1970
T
grew at 15-37
o
C and with 1–5% (w/v) NaCl. It hydrolyzed colloidal chitin, agar and casein but did not reduce nitrate to nitrite. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SM1970
T
formed a distinct lineage close to the genus
Catenovulum
within the family
Alteromonadaceae
, sharing the highest sequence similarity (93.6%) with type strain of
Catenovulum maritimum
but < 93.0% sequence similarity with those of other known species in the class
Gammaproteobacteria.
The major fatty acids of strain SM1970
T
were summed feature 3 (C
16: 1
ω
7
c
and/or C
16: 1
ω
6
c
), C
16: 0
and summed feature 8 (C
18: 1
ω
7
c
and/or C
18: 1
ω
6
c
). The major polar lipids of the strain included phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol and its main respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8. The draft genome of strain SM1970
T
consisted of 77 scaffolds and was 4,172,146 bp in length, containing a complete set of genes for chitin degradation. The average amino acid identity (AAI) values between SM1970
T
and type strains of known
Catenovulum
species were 56.6–57.1% while the percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) values between them were 28.5–31.5%. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain SM1970
T
was 40.1 mol%. On the basis of the polyphasic analysis, strain SM1970
T
is considered to represent a novel species in a novel genus of the family
Alteromonadaceae
, for which the name
Marinifaba aquimaris
is proposed with the type strain being SM1970
T
(= MCCC 1K04323
T
= KCTC 72844
T
).
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