Magnesium oxide is widely used for treating opioid-induced constipation, a serious analgesic-associated problem. Opioid analgesic users are often prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ...which are sometimes combined with acid suppressants to prevent gastrointestinal adverse events. Magnesium preparations combined with acid suppressants may diminish magnesium preparations' laxative effect. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of magnesium preparations combined with acid suppressants on the incidence of opioid-induced constipation by using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.
Adverse events were defined per the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities; the term 'constipation (preferred term code: 10010774)' was used for analysis. After adjusting for patient background factors using propensity score matching, acid suppressants' effect on constipation incidence was evaluated in opioid users prescribed magnesium preparations alone as laxatives by using a test for independence.
The Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System contains 14,475,614 reports for January 2004 to December 2021. Significantly increased constipation incidence was related to magnesium preparations combined with acid suppressants, especially proton pump inhibitors (P < 0.0001, McNemar's test).
Magnesium preparations combined with acid suppressants may diminish magnesium preparations' laxative effect; healthcare professionals should pay attention to this issue.
Reduced energy consumption is critical in industrial applications. In this manuscript, we report our findings on cutting condition improvement for 5-axis machine tools, specifically addressing tool ...angles and cutting speed in an effort to reduce energy consumption. An optimized inclined angle is determined by cutting experiments to reduce energy consumption and the basis of results are investigated. Workpieces produced under standard and improved cutting conditions are compared to verify the effects of lowered energy consumption.
We present the first measurements of absolute branching fractions of Ξ_{c}^{0} decays into Ξ^{-}π^{+}, ΛK^{-}π^{+}, and pK^{-}K^{-}π^{+} final states. The measurements are made using a dataset ...comprising (772±11)×10^{6} BBover ¯ pairs collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e^{+}e^{-} collider. We first measure the absolute branching fraction for B^{-}→Λover ¯_{c}^{-}Ξ_{c}^{0} using a missing-mass technique; the result is B(B^{-}→Λover ¯_{c}^{-}Ξ_{c}^{0})=(9.51±2.10±0.88)×10^{-4}. We subsequently measure the product branching fractions B(B^{-}→Λover ¯_{c}^{-}Ξ_{c}^{0})B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+}), B(B^{-}→Λover ¯_{c}^{-}Ξ_{c}^{0})B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→ΛK^{-}π^{+}), and B(B^{-}→Λover ¯_{c}^{-}Ξ_{c}^{0})B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→pK^{-}K^{-}π^{+}) with improved precision. Dividing these product branching fractions by the result for B^{-}→Λover ¯_{c}^{-}Ξ_{c}^{0} yields the following branching fractions: B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+})=(1.80±0.50±0.14)%, B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→ΛK^{-}π^{+})=(1.17±0.37±0.09)%, and B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→pK^{-}K^{-}π^{+})=(0.58±0.23±0.05)%. For the above branching fractions, the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. Our result for B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+}) can be combined with Ξ_{c}^{0} branching fractions measured relative to Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+} to yield other absolute Ξ_{c}^{0} branching fractions.
We report the analysis of the three-body e^{+}e^{-}→BBover ¯π^{±}, BBover ¯^{*}π^{±}, and B^{*}Bover ¯^{*}π^{±} processes, including the first observations of the Z_{b}^{±}(10610)→BBover ...¯^{*}+c.c.^{±} and Z_{b}^{±}(10650)→B^{*}Bover ¯^{*}^{±} transitions that are found to dominate the corresponding final states. We measure Born cross sections for the three-body production of σ(e^{+}e^{-}→BBover ¯^{*}+c.c.^{±}π^{∓})=17.4±1.6(stat)±1.9(syst) pb and σ(e^{+}e^{-}→B^{*}Bover ¯^{*}^{±}π^{∓})=8.75±1.15(stat)±1.04(syst) pb and set a 90% C.L. upper limit of σ(e^{+}e^{-}→BBover ¯^{±}π^{∓})<2.9 pb. The results are based on a 121.4 fb^{-1} data sample collected with the Belle detector at a center-of-mass energy near the ϒ(10860) peak.
Test of the HAPD light sensor for the Belle II Aerogel RICH Yusa, Y.; Adachi, I.; Dolenec, R. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2017, Letnik:
876
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Aerogel Ring-Imaging Cherenkov detector (ARICH) is being installed in the endcap region of Belle II spectrometer to identify particles from B meson decays by detecting the Cherenkov ring image ...from aerogel radiators. To detect single photons, high-sensitive photon detector which has wide effective area (∼70mm × 70mm), a Hybrid Avalanche Photo Detector (HAPD), has been developed in a collaboration with Hamamatsu K.K. The HAPD consists of hybrid structure of a vacuum tube and an avalanche photodiode (APD). It can be operated in 1.5T magnetic field of the spectrometer and withstands the radiation levels expected in the Belle II experiment. There are two steps of electric pulse amplification: acceleration of photo-electron in electric field in the vacuum tube part and electron avalanche in the APD part resulting in total gain of order 105. For the ARICH, we use 420 HAPDs in total. Before installing them, we performed quality assessment studies such as measurements of dark current, noise level, signal-to-noise ratio and two-dimensional scan with laser illumination. We also measured quantum efficiency of the photocathode. During the HAPD performance tests in the magnetic field, we observed very large signal pulses which cause long dead time of the readout electronics in some of the HAPDs. We have carried out a number of studies to understand this phenomenon, and have found a way to mitigate it and suppress the degradation of the ARICH performance. In this report, we will show a summary of the HAPD performance and quality assessment measurements including validation in the magnetic field for all of the HAPDs manufactured for the ARICH in the Belle II.
We assayed the effects of a variety of antiprotozoal compounds against trophonts of
Cryptocaryon irritans, the causative agent of ‘white spot disease of marine fish’ in vitro using the double layered ...media that we developed previously for the culture of the parasite. In the assay, ionophores, particularly sodium salinomycin, showed apparent killing and growth-suppression effects against the parasite. As there was no mortality in Japanese flounder
Paralychthys olivaceus that were fed a diet containing sodium salinomycin (200
ppm) for two weeks, we evaluated the efficacy of 200
ppm sodium salinomycin against
C. irritans in Japanese flounder. We fed Japanese flounders a medicated diet for 5
d prior to and 3
d after challenge with
C. irritans. In the experimental group, the number of protomonts recovered from the fish and the size of tomonts that were transformed from the protomonts were significantly reduced, when compared to the control group. Furthermore, in a different experiment, the fish that were fed a diet medicated with sodium salinomycin survived longer than those fed an unmedicated diet after challenge. Sodium salinomycin can be a good candidate drug for chemotherapy and control of
Cryptocaron irritans infection.
► Sodium salinomycin (SS) showed a killing effect on
Cryptocaryon irritans in vitro. ► Oral administration of SS reduced recovery of the parasite in Japanese flounder. ► Flounder administered with SS survived longer than control flounder after challenge.
Abstract Background Natural killer (NK) cells play important roles in killing tumor and virus-infected cells. Immunosuppression used after organ transplantation is thought to increase the risk of ...tumor recurrence and viral infections. However, the effect of immunosuppressive drugs on NK cells has not yet been clearly established. Therefore, we examined the effect of immunosuppression on NK cells. Methods NK cells were cultured for 7 days in the presence of interleukin-2 (100 U/mL) with or without the following immunosuppressive drugs: tacrolimus, cyclosporine A, corticosteroid (methylprednisolone MP), mycophenolate mofetil, and rapamycin. The effect of the drugs on NK cell activation was tested on the basis of the following: NK cell phenotype, NK cell proliferation, cytotoxicity against K562 cells, cytokine production by NK cells, and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity with HCV genomic replicon cells. Results NK cells showed relatively robust functions in the presence of tacrolimus and cyclosporine A. Mycophenolate mofetil and rapamycin significantly prevented only NK cell proliferation ( P < .05). In contrast, MP significantly inhibited the proliferation, cytotoxicity, and anti-HCV effect (10.9%, 18.5%, and 1.9%, respectively) of NK cells. Furthermore, MP specifically inhibited the expression of NK cell activation markers and the production of interferon-γ ( P < .05). Conclusions Corticosteroids have distinct effects on NK cells, which may have important implications for NK cell function in cytotoxicity and HCV effect after transplantation.
In the forward end-cap of the Belle II spectrometer, particle identification is provided by a proximity focusing RICH detector with an aerogel radiator (ARICH). The ARICH’s primary function is to ...effectively distinguish between pions and kaons in the momentum range of 0.5GeV/c to about 4GeV/c, as well as to contribute to identification of low-momentum leptons. Since its operation began, Belle II has collected over 420fb−1 of data. Based on this large data sample, studies of several effects that impact the performance of the ARICH detector were carried out. In this paper, we present a comparison of the observed Cherenkov ring image and detector particle identification performance in the measured data and detector simulation. Furthermore, we highlight recent efforts aimed at enhancing the ARICH’s performance by taking into account the effects of particle decay in flight and scattering in materials before the detector, as well as by refining the probability density function used for particle identification likelihood evaluation.
Annular microvoids formed by neutron-induced single-event burnout (SEB) in Si power diodes were observed by a slice-and-view technique. The axial symmetry of damage region reflects the spatially ...isotropic thermal diffusion that occurred. Analytical formulas for the local rise in temperature during SEB were derived from the thermal diffusion equation. The local temperature was found to increase in direct proportion to the deposited energy, which was expressed as the time integration of the product of the applied voltage and the SEB current. This current is the result of charges generated by recoil ions and subsequent current-induced avalanche. The diameter of the damage region was estimated using the analytical formulas and the energy associated with Joule heating, which was calculated by technology computer-aided design device simulations, and was found to be comparable in size to the observed annular voids. The SEB current density was also calculated based on the simulated SEB current and the size of the damage region.
We report the first observation of the double strange baryon Ξ(1620)^{0} in its decay to Ξ^{-}π^{+} via Ξ_{c}^{+}→Ξ^{-}π^{+}π^{+} decays based on a 980 fb^{-1} data sample collected with the Belle ...detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^{+}e^{-} collider. The mass and width are measured to be 1610.4±6.0(stat)_{-4.2}^{+6.1} (syst) MeV/c^{2} and 59.9±4.8(stat)_{-7.1}^{+2.8}(syst) MeV, respectively. We obtain 4.0σ evidence of the Ξ(1690)^{0} with the same data sample. These results shed light on the structure of hyperon resonances with strangeness S=-2.
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