This is a survey of psychophysical studies of motion perception carried out mainly in the last 10 years. It covers a wide range of topics, including the detection and interactions of local motion ...signals, motion integration across various dimensions for vector computation and global motion perception, second-order motion and feature tracking, motion aftereffects, motion-induced mislocalizations, timing of motion processing, cross-attribute interactions for object motion, motion-induced blindness, and biological motion. While traditional motion research has benefited from the notion of the independent "motion processing module," recent research efforts have been also directed to aspects of motion processing in which interactions with other visual attributes play critical roles. This review tries to highlight the richness and diversity of this large research field and to clarify what has been done and what questions have been left unanswered.
Nickel (Ni) is an essential nutrient for plants, but excessive amounts can be toxic. Ni competes with iron (Fe) in vivo, raising the possibility that Ni is competitively taken up via the Fe uptake ...system in plants. Here, we show evidence that AtIRT1, the primary Fe2+ uptake transporter in the root, mediates Ni accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. In hydroponic cultures, excess Ni exposure increased Fe accumulation and the relative transcription level of AtIRT1 in roots, indicating that excess Ni induces AtIRT1 expression in roots. An Fe-deficient treatment increased Ni accumulation in plants, suggesting that excess Ni was absorbed via the Fe uptake system, which was induced by Fe starvation. Moreover, Ni accumulation under Fe-deficient conditions was markedly lower in AtIRT1-defective mutants than in the wild-type, Col-0. Furthermore, AtIRT1 showed Ni2+ uptake activity in a yeast expression system. These data demonstrate that AtIRT1 transports Ni2+ in roots, and strongly suggest that Ni accumulation is further accelerated by AtIRT1 that is expressed in response to excess Ni.
The basal ganglia represents a key component of the pathophysiological model for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This brain region is part of several neural circuits, including the ...orbitofronto-striatal circuit and dorsolateral prefronto-striatal circuit. There are, however, no published studies investigating those circuits at a network level in non-medicated patients with OCD. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from 20 non-medicated patients with OCD and 23 matched healthy volunteers. Voxelwise statistical parametric maps testing strength of functional connectivity of three striatal seed regions of interest (ROIs) with remaining brain regions were calculated and compared between groups. We performed additional correlation analyses between strength of connectivity and the severity scores for obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, and anxiety in the OCD group. Positive functional connectivity with the ventral striatum was significantly increased (P(corrected) < .05) in the orbitofrontal cortex, ventral medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex of subjects with OCD. There was no significant correlation between measures of symptom severity and the strength of connectivity (P(uncorrected) < .001). This is the first study to investigate the corticostriatal connectivity in non-medicated patients with OCD. These findings provide the first direct evidence supporting a pathophysiological model involving basal ganglia circuitry in OCD.
Abstract
The electroweak
b
→
sll
(
l
=
e, µ
) transition is a flavor-changing neutral current process that mediates through a one-loop penguin diagram. The decay is considered to be a good probe for ...the New Physics as particles predicted in the beyond Standard Model theories can enter into the loop. The exclusive decay
B
→
K
(*)
l
+
l
−
was first observed by the Belle experiment and it provides many observables such as the branching fraction,
CP
asymmetry, forward-backward asymmetry, and other angular observables. Recently, the LHCb experiment has reported some clue of a lepton flavor universality violation from the branching fraction ratio of the
B
→
Kµ
+
µ
−
and
B
→
Ke
+
e
−
decays. In this presentation, we report the status of the
B
→
Kl
+
l
−
decay analysis at the Belle II experiment which started the data taking in 2019. We also, present an activity at the Belle II Chulalongkorn University group where we study the
B
→
KJ/ψ
decay which has the same topology as the
B
→
Kl
+
l
−
.
On-detector digital electronics in high-energy physics (HEP) experiments is increasingly being implemented by means of static random access memory (SRAM)-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), ...due to their reconfigurability, fast data processing, and transfer. Radiation-induced single-event upsets (SEUs) in the configuration hinder the correct operation, since they may alter the programmed routing paths and logic functions. In most data acquisition systems, data from clustered front-end modules are aggregated by a single board, which then transmits data to off-detector electronics for acquisition and triggering. In this work, we present a novel scrubber capable of correcting radiation-induced upsets in the configuration of SRAM-based FPGAs by majority voting across clustered modules. We designed it for the Aerogel Ring Imaging CHerenkov (ARICH) counter of the Belle II experiment at the KEK Laboratory, Tsukuba, Japan. We discuss the architecture of the system and its implementation in a Virtex-5 FPGA, in the aggregator board, for correcting the configuration of up to six Spartan-6 LX45 FPGAs, on pertaining front-end modules. We discuss results from neutron irradiation tests at the TRIGA reactor of the Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia, which show that our solution corrects an average of 6.2 k upsets in each target FPGA before the failure of the scrubber. Moreover, with respect to the Xilinx soft error mitigation (SEM) controller, our design improved the mean time before failure of data readout by 30%.
We study B --> K(*)l+l- decays (l = e, mu) based on a data sample of 657 x 10(6) BB pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- collider. We report the differential branching fraction, ...isospin asymmetry, K* polarization, and the forward-backward asymmetry (A(FB)) as functions of q2 = M(ll)(2)c2. The fitted A(FB) spectrum exceeds the standard model expectation by 2.7 standard deviations. The measured branching fractions are B(B --> K*l+l-) = (10.7(-1.0)(+1.1) +/- 0.9) x 10(-7) and B(B --> Kl+l-) = (4.8(-0.4)(+0.5) +/- 0.3) x 10(-7), where the first errors are statistical and the second are systematic, with the muon to electron ratios R(K*) = 0.83 +/- 0.17 +/- 0.08 and R(K) = 1.03 +/- 0.19 +/- 0.06.
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