We are developing a new readout board with a newer generation field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and the 10-gigabit ethernet to improve the performance and usability of the current readout board ...based on the 1-gigabit ethernet. In this new readout board, the SiTCP-XG network processor supporting 10 Gigabit Ethernet was implemented. SiTCP is a network processor circuit running on FPGA, and SiTCP-XG is the newly developed version of the SiTCP that supports 10-gigabit ethernet. Before developing the new board, we constructed a prototype system using the Xilinx FPGA evaluation board KC705 to evaluate the SiTCP-XG. This prototype system was tested with the SOI pixel detector, which has 425,984 (column 832 × row 512 matrix) pixels and a pixel size of 17 × 17 μm
2
at the synchrotron beamlines of the PhotonFactory (KEK). This was the first test of the X-ray imaging for this system. The results showed that this system worked stably with a transfer rate of 682 Mbps (equivalent to a frame rate of 100 fps, limited by detector operation parameters), and also worked stably with a transfer rate of 2.4 Gbps (equivalent to 350 fps, the maximum rate limited by the detector performance). These results suggest that the SiTCP-XG system has sufficient transfer performance to cover the SOIPIX detector performance.
Delayed chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is not well controlled in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients undergoing oxaliplatin (L‐OHP)‐based chemotherapy. Whether neurokinin‐1 receptor ...antagonist addition to a first‐generation 5HT3 antagonist (1st 5‐HT3RA) and dexamethasone (DEX) is beneficial to these patients remains controversial. Furthermore, whether palonosetron (PALO) or aprepitant (APR) is more effective in controlling delayed CINV is unclear. We, therefore, investigated whether PALO+DEX or 1st 5‐HT3RA+DEX+APR was more effective in controlling delayed CINV, and the risk factors for delayed CINV, in CRC patients undergoing L‐OHP–based chemotherapy. Data were pooled from two prospective observational Japanese studies and a phase III trial to compare CINV incidence between the PALO + DEX (PALO) and 5‐HT3RA+DEX+APR (APR) groups by propensity score–matched analysis. CINV risk factors were identified using logistic regression models. The CINV incidence was higher in the PALO group than in the APR group. Logistic regression analysis revealed alcohol consumption, motion sickness, and the PALO+DEX regimen as independent risk factors for delayed nausea, and female sex and the PALO+DEX regimen as those for delayed vomiting. Compared with prophylactic PALO + DEX, 1st 5‐HT3RA+DEX+APR was more effective in controlling delayed CINV. Thus, CRC patients receiving L‐OHP–based chemotherapy should be treated with three antiemetics, including APR.
This study demonstrates that the triplet antiemetic prophylaxis with first‐generation 5HT3 receptor antagonist plus dexamethasone plus aprepitant was more effective in controlling delayed chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) compared with prophylaxis with palonosetron plus dexamethasone in colorectal cancer patients receiving oxaliplatin‐based chemotherapy.
A fundamental study was conducted on the effectiveness of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) pixel detector for industrial applications. In this study, we developed a measurement system for X-ray tri-axial ...stress analysis by using an INTPIX4, an integrated SOI pixel detector developed by Arai et al. This system measured the diffraction ring diffracted backward from the polycrystalline sample by using a CrKα characteristic X-ray, and performed a tri-axial residual stress analysis by applying the generalised cosα method. To verify this measurement system, we measured the residual stress of a rail used in service and examined the state of rolling contact fatigue due to contact with wheels. In this measurement, diffraction rings generated from 211 diffraction lines of the ferrite phase in the rail steel were measured. The results of this system were compared with those obtained from a commercial device using an image plate (IP). As a result, this measurement system was found to be able to effectively measure the tri-axial residual stress component 30 times faster than the commercial device, and proved to be promising for rail inspection.
•Serum TNF-α was reduced after intratracheal injection in S. pneumoniae–challenged mice treated with rTM.•Lung endothelial IL-10 expression increased after intratracheal injection in S. ...pneumoniae–challenged mice treated with rTM.•rTM modulates local inflammation in the lung endothelium, thus diminishing systemic inflammation.•Serum syndecan-1 levels decreased in rTM-treated mice after intratracheal injection of S. pneumoniae.•rTM treatment preserved the morphology of the glycocalyx layer in S. pneumoniae–challenged mice.
The anticoagulant agent recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM) activates protein C to prevent excessive coagulation and also possibly regulates hyper-inflammation via neutralization of high-mobility-group B1 (HMG-B1). The glycocalyx layer in endothelial cells also plays a pivotal role in preventing septic shock–associated hyperpermeability. The present study examined the effect of rTM in a murine model of Streptococcus pneumoniae–induced sepsis.
Male C57BL/6N mice were injected intratracheally via midline cervical incision with 2 × 107 CFU of S. pneumoniae (capsular subtype 19A). Control mice were sham-treated identically but injected with saline. rTM (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 3 h after septic insult. Blood concentrations of soluble inflammatory mediators (interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor TNF-α) were determined using a microarray immunoassay. Serum concentrations of HMG-B1 and syndecan-1, as a parameter of glycocalyx damage, were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The glycocalyx was also evaluated with electron microscopy. The lungs were removed, and digested to cells, which were then stained with a mixture of fluorophore-conjugated antibodies. Anti-mouse primary antibodies included PE-Cy7–conjugated anti-CD31, AlexaFluor 700–conjugated anti-CD45, PerCP-Cy5.5–conjugated anti-CD326, APC-conjugated anti–TNF-α, PE-conjugated anti–IL-6, and PE-conjugated anti–IL-10. A total of 1 × 106 cells per sample were analyzed, and 2 × 105 events were recorded by flow cytometry, and parameters were compared with/without rTM treatment.
The blood concentration of TNF-α was significantly reduced 24 h after intratracheal injection in S. pneumoniae–challenged mice treated with rTM (P = 0.016). Levels of IL-10 in the lung endothelium of rTM-treated S. pneumoniae–challenged mice increased significantly 12 h after intratracheal injection (P = 0.03). Intriguingly, serum HMGB-1 and syndecan-1 levels decreased significantly (P = 0.010 and 0.015, respectively) in rTM-treated mice 24 h after intratracheal injection of S. pneumoniae. Electron microscopy indicated that rTM treatment preserved the morphology of the glycocalyx layer in septic mice.
These data suggest that rTM modulates local inflammation in the lung endothelium, thus diminishing systemic inflammation, i.e., hypercytokinemia. Furthermore, rTM treatment reduced serum syndecan-1 levels, thus preventing glycocalyx damage. The use of rTM to treat sepsis caused by bacterial pneumonia could therefore help prevent both excessive inflammation and glycocalyx injury in the lung endothelium.
Among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with oxaliplatin (L-OHP)-based chemotherapy, delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) have not been well controlled.
We pooled data ...from two prospective observational studies in Japan and one phase III clinical trial to assess whether delayed CINV could be controlled with a combination of three antiemetics adding a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist and identified individual risk factors, using an inverse probability treatment-weighted analysis.
A total of 661 patients were evaluable in this study (median age: 64 years; 391 male, and 270 female). 3 antiemetics controlled delayed nausea (33.18% vs. 42.25%; p = 0.0510) and vomiting (4.15% vs. 16.08%; p < 0.0001) better than with 2 antiemetics. Female and 2 antiemetics were risk factors for both delayed nausea (female-odds ratio OR: 1.918; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.292-2.848; p = 0.0012; 2 antiemetics-OR: 1.485; 95% CI: 1.000-2.204; p = 0.0498) and delayed vomiting (female-OR: 2.735; 95% CI: 1.410-5.304; p = 0.0029; 2 antiemetics-OR: 4.551; 95% CI: 2.116-9.785; p = 0.0001).
Identifying individual risk factors can facilitate personalized treatments for delayed CINV. We recommend a 3-antiemetic combination prophylaxis for CRC patients treated with L-OHP-based chemotherapy, especially for female patients.
In this study, a silicon on insulator (SOI) pixel detector was applied to the X-ray stress measurement of steel. Two integration-type SOI pixel sensor chips, INTPIX4, were used to measure a ...Debye–Scherrer ring. Stresses were determined through data analysis of the ring and using the cos(α) method. To examine the validity of the system for practical use, stress measurements were conducted at several points on a steel sample manufactured with welding. The sample consisted of various surfaces with crystallographic conditions, such as coarse-grains on welding beads, crystal grains covered by oxide films, and crystallographic textured grains. The results obtained using the SOI pixel detector were compared with those obtained using an image plate.
•Antibody response after BNT162b2 vaccination over 600 Japanese cohorts were investigated.•Sufficient antibody titer was observed among all the analyzed participants.•Younger age, female sex and ...adverse reactions were related to higher titer.•Adverse reactions after the second dose might reflect acquisition of the immunity.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has started worldwide, including Japan. Although high rates of vaccine response and adverse reactions of BNT162b2 vaccine have been reported, knowledge about the relationship between sex differences and antibody response is limited. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether adverse reactions are associated with the vaccine response.
This prospective observational study included 673 Japanese participants working in a medical school and its affiliated hospital in Tokyo, Japan (UMIN000043340). Serum samples were collected before the first dose and three weeks after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine, and antibody titers against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were measured. Answers to questionnaires about background characteristics and adverse reactions were obtained at the time of sample collection, and the relationship between antibody titers was analyzed.
After excluding participants who did not complete receiving two doses of vaccination or two series of serum sample collection, 646 participants were analyzed. Although all participants became sero-positive after vaccination, antibody titers were highly variable among individuals (260.9–57,399.7A U/mL), with a median titer of 13478.0AU/mL. Mean titer was higher in females than in males and higher in young (≤45 years old) participants than in aged (>45 years old) participants. Participants who experienced adverse reactions demonstrated a higher antibody titer after vaccination than those without adverse reactions. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that young age, female sex, and adverse reactions after the second dose were independently related to higher antibody titers after the second dose.
A favorable antibody response was observed after two doses of BNT162b2 vaccination among mostly healthy Japanese participants, especially among female and young participants. Although further investigation is essential, our results imply that the systemic adverse reactions (i.e., fever and general fatigue) are associated with a higher antibody response that indicates the acquisition of humoral immunity.
Residual stress is an important factor governing evaluating and controlling the quality of metal materials in industrial products. X-ray measurements provide one of the most effective means of ...evaluating residual stress without destruction. In such measurements, the effects of residual stress on the crystal structure can be observed through the Debye ring deformation.
In previous studies, we developed a residual stress measurement system based on the cosα method, using a two-dimensional (2D) silicon-on-insulator pixel (SOIPIX) detector known as INTPIX4. In a typical laboratory setup, this system requires only 1 s to measure a specified point. This is drastically faster than the conventional system based on the sin2ψ method, which requires more than 10 min, and the cosα-based system using an imaging plate, which requires 1 min. Compared to other systems, it can evaluate the 2D distribution of residual stress faster and provide more detailed information for evaluating materials. We first attempted to measure the 2D distribution in a laboratory setup with a Cr X-ray tube (Cr Kα 5.4 keV) and obtained satisfactory results. We subsequently took measurements using synchrotron monochromatic X-rays to determine the fine accuracy and fine sampling pitch distribution. In this paper, we report the results of the initial synchrotron experiment, including the residual stress distribution of the standard specimen obtained by the first prototype setup. Furthermore, we compare the synchrotron measurements with those from the laboratory.
•A residual stress measurement system using INTPIX4 was developed.•This measurement system was tested with synchrotron monochromatic X-rays.•Errors were identified in the results seemed to be caused by the setup’s instability.•Synchrotron data shows 10–100 MPa stronger compressive stress than laboratory data.•Causes of errors and causes of these results differences were discussed.
Development of a new high-speed readout system for SOI pixel detectors Nishimura, Ryutaro; Arai, Yasuo; Miyoshi, Toshinobu ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2019, Letnik:
924
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We are developing a new high-speed readout system for silicon on insulator (SOI) pixel detectors. The SOI detector is a monolithic radiation imaging detector based on a 0.2 μm FD-SOI CMOS process. ...Previously, we used a Xilinx Virtex-4/5 FPGA readout board for the SOI detector and developed many facilities for this board. However, the Virtex-4/5 FPGA is now obsolete and does not have sufficiently high performance for recent experiments that require more than 1-kHz high-speed imaging with a large number of pixels. Thus, we started to develop a new high-speed readout system using the KC705, which is the evaluation board for the Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA. We developed a new data acquisition structure that has backward compatibility with the previous environment on this board and implements several functions for practical purposes such as micro Computed Tomography. The transfer speed achieved by the new system is 95.3 fps for a 426k pixel detector in continuous data-taking mode, and 762.5 fps in maximum-speed mode. The details of the new readout system are presented.
•New high-speed DAQ system using the KC705 for SOIPIX detectors is under development.•New DAQ system keeps backward compatibility with SEABAS2 current DAQ system.•New DAQ system is using new FPGA and DDR3 memory to increase the performance.•Transfer speed is 95.3 fps for a 426k pixel detector, in continuous data-taking mode.•Transfer speed is 762.5 fps for a 426k pixel detector, in maximum-speed mode.
Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) for fine measurement of space and time (SOFIST) is designed taking full advantage of advanced SOI monolithic pixel detector fabrication technology to record the charge and ...time information of hit pixels. The aim is to achieve 3 μm position resolution and ultimately identify the International Linear Collider beam bunches of 554 ns separation. SOFIST Ver. 3 includes full circuits to read out the charge and time for each pixel of size 30×30μm. Its performance is evaluated using a 120 GeV proton beam. The time resolution is evaluated to be 1.92 μs (including calibration error), with an intrinsic time resolution of 1.34–1.55 μs. Additionally, multi-memory readout functionality is successfully examined. With SOFIST Ver. 4, the same functionality is to be realized with a 20×20μm pixel size by 3D stacking. The first chip was successfully tested to image β rays. The connection yield of Au micro-bumps is greater than 99.9%.
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