An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis Nishioka, S de A; Ferreira, M S; Machado, M I ...
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical,
1988 Oct-Dec, Letnik:
21, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Ablative lasers have been used for cutaneous surgery for greater than two decades since they can remove skin and skin lesions bloodlessly and efficiently. Because full-thickness skin wounds created ...after thermal laser ablation may require skin grafting in order to heal, we have examined the effect of the residual laser-induced thermal damage in the wound bed on subsequent skin graft take and healing. In a pig model, four different pulsed and continuous-wave lasers with varying wavelengths and radiant energy exposures were used to create uniform fascial graft bed thermal damage of approximately 25, 160, 470, and 1100 microns. Meshed split-thickness skin graft take and healing on the thermally damaged fascial graft beds were examined on a gross and microscopic level on days 3 and 7, and then weekly up to 42 days.
Laser-induced thermal damage on the graft bed measuring greater than 160 +/- 60 microns in depth significantly decreased skin graft take. Other deleterious effects included delayed graft revascularization, increased inflammatory cell infiltrate at the graft-wound bed interface, and accelerated formation of hypertrophied fibrous tissue within the graft bed and underlying muscle.
Ablative lasers developed for cutaneous surgery should create less than 160 +/- 60 microns of residual thermal damage to permit optimal skin graft take and healing. Pulsed carbon dioxide and 193-nm excimer lasers may be valuable instruments for the removal of full-thickness skin, skin lesions, and necrotic tissue, since they create wound beds with minimal thermal damage permitting graft take comparable to that achieved with standard surgical techniques.
<div class=""abs_img""><img src=""disp_template_path/JRM/abst-image/00260004/12.jpg"" width=""300"" />Nonlinear-structure stretcher
During ambulance or stretcher transport, subjects experience ...vibration causing discomfort or pain. Measures must thus be taken against such vibration. The purpose of this study was to develop stretchers that minimize vibration during transport. This study first details vibration size, direction, and frequency through vibration measurement experiment, resulting in a nonlinear stretcher using a vibration isolator. Stretcher performance was then evaluated and confirmed RMS and acceleration PSD.
A retrospective, case-control study was conducted to examine the relationship between the presence of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 (HPV16/18) DNA and the risk of head and neck cancers. Twelve ...out of 74 (16.2%) head and neck cancers contained HPV16/18 DNA, while 3 out of 70 (4.2%) non-cancer controls showed HPV16/18 positivity by polymerase chain reaction. The presence of HPV16/18 DNA was associated with an increased risk of head and neck cancer formation, showing an odds ratio of 4.32, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.26-14.78. Although its epidemiological impact might be smaller than that of other factors like cigarette smoking, the presence of HPV16/18 DNA in the aerodigestive tract is suggested to be a risk factor for human head and neck cancers.
After six years of HFRS outbreak an epidemiologic study was performed to measure the antibody titers by using indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) technique to both Hantaan virus 76-118 strain ...(apodemus type) and WKM strain (rat type). And antibody titers of rats recently supplied from breeders to our animal quarter were also measured. 1) The tested rats were newly supplied from breeders after HFRS outbreak from 1982 to 1984, they showed that antibody positive rates of 76-118 strain were 2-9% and their antibody titers were relatively low. 2) We found many HFRS antibody positive members except previous patients with specific symptoms and relatively high antibodies, but no one showed a typical clinical course of HFRS or other related symptoms. 3) Rates of antibody positives of both two virus strains were nearly equal; compared with the rate differences in positive group of both two virus strains advanced to limit to their variable serum dilution of each sera such as 16, 32 or 64 fold, they indicated 11.6% to 76-118 strain and 12.1% to WKM strain at the fixed limit of 16, 5.3% and 6.2% were at the 32 and 2.3% and 2.5% were at the 64 respectively. 4) When we set the limit at the 64 fold dilution of serum, even some of previous typical symptomatic patients were considered to be negative, and one case of them showed antibody positive only to 76-118 strain. 5) In the most of antibody positive population, s antibody titers to WKM strain were generally higher than those to 76-118 strain. When increased the limit to 16, 32 and 64 fold dilution of serum, the rate for WKM strain was dominant against 76-118 strain and they indicated 45%, 55% and 61%respectively. These results showed well cross-reactivity to both 76-118 strain and WKM strain, but the antibody titers to both strains were clearly different and as we previously reported, yearly changes of serum titers against to both strains in rats associated with outbreak of HFRS were clearly reflected to the antibody titers in our members.
This study was designed to evaluate the percutaneous absorption of insulin in an attempt to develop an efficient transdermal therapeutic system (system) for the treatment of diabetes. First, the ...dissociation of porcine insulin existing mainly as hexamers was examined. Next, enhancement of the percutaneous absorption of the hormone was studied by the combined use of two or more kinds of enhancers which exert their enhancement effects by different mechanisms, or by preparing the liposomal formulation of insulin. Porcine insulin dissociated in 0.1 M glycine-HCl buffer (pH 4.0), probably to a dimer, this being demonstrated by the notable attenuation of the maxima at 221 and 274 nm of the circular dichroism (CD) spectra. Thus, 0.1 M (or partly 1 M) glycine-HCl buffer (pH 4.0) was selected for the preparation of all gel formulations. The in viv o absorption of insulin through Wistar rat skin was estimated by blood glucose level. System 3 containing liposomal insulin, D-limonen and taurocholate gave the greatest hypoglycemic response, out of the formulations used, with its response persisting over a 10 h period and resulting in the highest pharmacological availability (20.7±4.6%). The combination of n-octyl-β-D-thioglucoside (OTG), cineol and deoxycholate (system 6) or D-limonen and OTG (system 5) also produced a high hypoglycemic effect. The in vitro penetration of insulin was investigated using system 5 and 6. The percutaneous penetration of insulin was demonstrated by an in vitro experiment, but was small in quantity. Our data present unambiguous evidence that this hydrophilic macromolecule was absorbed through the stratum corneum of rat skin under selected conditions.
This paper discusses human skills enabling rapid adaptation to a changing environment, e.g., when a human table tennis player hits an incoming ball, and describes how to transfer these skills to a ...robot. Human skills are classified into motor and cognitive. Motor skills are functions involving precise limb movement with the intent to perform a specific act, i.e., hitting a ball. Cognitive skills are functions involving meaningful responses to external stimuli. We extract these skills from observing human movement using principal component analysis and generalize these skills as a schema for a generalized motor program. We also describe table tennis matches between a human opponent and a robot to which these skills have been transferred.
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