Maize is an important industrial crop where yield and quality enhancement both assume greater importance. Clean production technologies like conservation agriculture and integrated nutrient ...management hold the key to enhance productivity and quality besides improving soil health and environment. Hence, maize productivity and quality were assessed under a maize-wheat cropping system (MWCS) using four crop-establishment and tillage management practices FBCT-FBCT (Flat bed-conventional tillage both in maize and wheat); RBCT-RBZT (Raised bed-CT in maize and raised bed-zero tillage in wheat); FBZT-FBZT (FBZT both in maize and wheat); PRBZT-PRBZT (Permanent raised bed-ZT both in maize and wheat, and five P-fertilization practices P
(100% soil applied-P); P
+ 2FSP (50% soil applied-P + 2 foliar-sprays of P through 2% DAP both in maize and wheat); P
+ PSB + AM-fungi; P
+ PSB + AMF + 2FSP; and P
(100% NK with no-P) in split-plot design replicated-thrice. Double zero-tilled PRBZT-PRBZT system significantly enhanced the maize grain, starch, protein and oil yield by 13.1-19% over conventional FBCT-FBCT. P
+ PSB + AMF + 2FSP, integrating soil applied-P, microbial-inoculants and foliar-P, had significantly higher grain, starch, protein and oil yield by 12.5-17.2% over P
besides saving 34.7% fertilizer-P both in maize and on cropping-system basis. P
+ PSB + AMF + 2FSP again had significantly higher starch, lysine and tryptophan content by 4.6-10.4% over P
due to sustained and synchronized P-bioavailability. Higher amylose content (24.1%) was observed in grains under P
+ PSB + AMF + 2FSP, a beneficial trait due to its lower glycemic-index highly required for diabetic patients, where current COVID-19 pandemic further necessitated the use of such dietary ingredients. Double zero-tilled PRBZT-PRBZT reported greater MUFA (oleic acid, 37.1%), MUFA: PUFA ratio and P/S index with 6.9% higher P/S index in corn-oil (an oil quality parameter highly required for heart-health) over RBCT-RBCT. MUFA, MUFA: PUFA ratio and P/S index were also higher under P
+ PSB + AMF + 2FSP; avowing the obvious role of foliar-P and microbial-inoculants in influencing maize fatty acid composition. Overall, double zero-tilled PRBZT-PRBZT with crop residue retention at 6 t/ha per year along with P
+ PSB + AMF + 2FSP while saving 34.7% fertilizer-P in MWCS, may prove beneficial in enhancing maize productivity and quality so as to reinforce the food and nutritional security besides boosting food, corn-oil and starch industry in south-Asia and collateral arid agro-ecologies across the globe.
Pusa 391, a mega
desi
chickpea variety with medium maturity duration is extensively cultivated in the Central Zone of India. Of late, this variety has become susceptible to Fusarium wilt (FW), which ...has drastic impact on its yield. Presence of variability in the wilt causing pathogen,
Fusarium oxysporum
f.sp.
ciceri
(
foc
) across geographical locations necessitates the role of pyramiding for FW resistance for different races (
foc
1,2,3,4 and 5). Subsequently, the introgression lines developed in Pusa 391 genetic background were subjected to foreground selection using three SSR markers (GA16, TA 27 and TA 96) while 48 SSR markers uniformly distributed on all chromosomes, were used for background selection to observe the recovery of recurrent parent genome (RPG). BC
1
F
1
lines with 75–85% RPG recovery were used to generate BC
2
F
1
. The plants that showed more than 90% RPG recovery in BC
2
F
1
were used for generating BC
3
F
1
. The plants that showed more than 96% RPG recovery were selected and selfed to generate BC
3
F
3
. Multi-location evaluation of advanced introgression lines (BC
2
F
3
) in six locations for grain yield (kg/ha), days to fifty percent flowering, days to maturity, 100 seed weight and disease incidence was done. In case of disease incidence, the genotype IL1 (BGM 20211) was highly resistant to FW in Junagarh, Indore, New Delhi, Badnapur and moderately resistant at Sehore and Nandyal. GGE biplot analysis revealed that IL1(BGM20211) was the most stable genotype at Junagadh, Sehore and Nandyal. GGE biplot analysis revealed that IL1(BGM 20211) and IL4(BGM 20212) were the top performers in yield and highly stable across six environments and were nominated for Advanced Varietal Trials (AVT) of AICRP (All India Coordinated Research Project on Chickpea) in 2018–19. BGM20211 and BGM 20212 recorded 29 and 28.5% average yield gain over the recurrent parent Pusa 391, in the AVT-1 and AVT-2 over five environments. Thus, BGM20211 was identified for release and notified as Pusa Manav/Pusa Chickpea 20211 for Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra, Southern Rajasthan, Bundhelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh states by the Central Sub-Committees on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties of Agricultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, for commercial cultivation in India (Gazette notification number S.O
.
500 (E) dt. 29-1-2021).Such pyramided lines give resilience to multiple races of fusarium wilt with added yield advantage.
The study aimed to assess the efficacy of phyto-hormones applied in different modes to improve crossing success in mungbean. The effect of phyto-hormones (gibberellic acid (GA
3
), kinetin, GA
3
+ ...kinetin, only water) and their modes of application (cotton plugging, hypodermal syringe-based application, and fine-mist spray) on hybrid pod setting (HPS) in summer and rainy season mungbean was evaluated under two different hybridization methods. The crossing success (HPS) was lower in the summer crop (40%) than in the rainy season crop (62%). Fine-mist spray of GA
3
(80 mg L
−1
) + kinetin (10 mg L
−1
) increased pod setting, higher in summer (41–46%) over the rainy season (7–17%). Cotton plug and hypodermal syringe-based hormone applications did not work rather declined HPS.
The study aimed to investigate the influence of maturity scales of subtending leaves (STL) i.e. fully-developed STL (FDSTL), fully-emerged but not fully-developed STL (FESTL), and immature STL that ...not even fully emerged (IMSTL) and STL pruning no pruning and half-pruning of STL on hybrid pod setting in chickpea. A total of 12,266 flower buds were manually crossed to determine hybrid pod setting as influenced by STL maturity scale with or without source-limiting (half-pruning) conditions. The highest hybrid pod setting was recorded in FDSTL (31–34%) followed by 10–12% in FESTL and only 2–3% in IMSTL. The half-pruning of STL reduced hybrid pod setting in FDSTL and IMSTL (
p
< 0.05). Likewise, pruning of STL reduced self-pod setting except for FDSTL. STL maturity scales significantly influenced pod size and seeds pod
−1
, which followed the order FDSTL > FESTL > IMSTL (
p
< 0.05). Thus, the results suggested that the selection of the early flower buds adjacent to FDSTL could improve crossing success in chickpea.
Several bruchid species attack stored pulses including those belonging to Vigna species.Wild Vigna accessions offer a host of useful traits for improvement of their cultivated types and hence 42 ...endemic wild Vigna accessions from 13 species were screened against three cosmopolitan bruchid species viz., Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), C. chinensis L. and C. analis (F.). The accessions exhibited varied reactions to three bruchid species and were categorized based on two criteria-seed damage (SD) and susceptibility index (SI). Based on SD, IC251442 accession of V. umbellata was found highly resistant, whereas accessions of V. umbellata (IC251439, PRR 2007-2 and IC251440), V. vexillata (IC248326 and IC248343), V. trilobata (JAP10-5) and V. trineriva var. bournei (IC247407) were found resistant to C. maculatus. Likewise, the accessions of V. mungo var. mungo (IC251390, IC251385 and IC251387), V. vexillata (IC248326) and V. khandalensis (Kumur local) were found highly resistant, whereas the accessions V. umbellata (IC251440), V. mungo var. mungo (IC251397), V. vexillata (IC248343) and V. dalzelliana (IC247408) were found resistant to C. chinensis. Interestingly, none of the accessions was found either highly resistant/resistant to C. analis. Based on SI, several accessions (including those susceptible on the basis of SD) recorded lower SI (<0.05) and were found resistant. A few accessions namely, V. trinervia (JAP 10–51), V. trinervia var. bournei (IC247407), V. pilosa (IC210575, IC210580 and IC210576) and V. dalzelliana (IC203864) were found resistant/moderately resistant to C. chinensis and C. maculatus, whereas the same lines were found moderately susceptible/susceptible against C. analis. The remaining accessions were found to be susceptible/highly susceptible to all bruchid species tested. These resistant lines could be further subjected to biochemical as well as molecular analysis to identify the specific seed components imparting resistance to bruchids. Simultaneously, these may be deployed in introgression breeding to develop bruchid resistant superior cultivars.
Display omitted
•Wild Vigna accessions were screened for resistance reaction to bruchid species.•Seed qualitative and quantitative parameters did not influence bruchids oviposition on different accessions.•Accessions belonging to five Vigna species were found resistant to C. maculatus and C. chinensis.•None of the accessions were found to be resistant to C. analis.
Background: Tonsillectomies are common surgeries in day-to-day surgery practice particularly in pediatric age group. Recent trend is to conduct tonsillectomy surgery on a day care basis. It is ...important to use the best anesthetic option with the least recovery time to reduce the hospital stay of patient.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare recovery profile and side effects of Sevoflurane and Propofol as an anesthetic agent for tonsillectomy.
Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients undergoing elective tonsillectomy were selected for the study. Each patient was randomly allocated to either the propofol (Group P) or the sevoflurane group (Group S). Time of surgery (From start to end of surgery), time of anesthesia (From the start of induction to end of surgery), time between the end of anesthesia and the spontaneous eye opening, and time between the end of anesthesia and the following of verbal commands. Time to extubation, time between the end of anesthesia, and the orientation to his or her name and the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting were compared in both the groups.
Results: The eye opening in Group P patients was found to be 8.9+1.21 min and that in Group S was 6.6+1.25 which was found to be statistically significant. The following of verbal commands in Group P was found to occur at 10.13+1.28 min, while that in Group S was found to be at 7.63+1.25 min, which was statistically significant. The time for extubation in Group P was found to be 11.17+1.29 min, while that in Group S was found to be 8.67+1.24 min, which was statistically significant. The duration for complete orientation in Group P was found to be 12.2+1.27 min, while that in Group S was found to be 9.43+1.04 min, which came out to be statistically significant. Hemodynamic parameters were found to be comparable in both the groups with no statistically significant difference in between then at any point of time (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Sevoflurane is a useful alternative to propofol in providing anesthesia where rapid emergence and recovery of cognitive functions are desired.
High quality-factor (Q) optical resonators are a key component for ultra-narrow linewidth lasers, frequency stabilization, precision spectroscopy and quantum applications. Integration in a photonic ...waveguide platform is key to reducing cost, size, power and sensitivity to environmental disturbances. However, to date, the Q of all-waveguide resonators has been relegated to below 260 Million. Here, we report a Si
N
resonator with 422 Million intrinsic and 3.4 Billion absorption-limited Qs. The resonator has 453 kHz intrinsic, 906 kHz loaded, and 57 kHz absorption-limited linewidths and the corresponding 0.060 dB m
loss is the lowest reported to date for waveguides with deposited oxide upper cladding. These results are achieved through a careful reduction of scattering and absorption losses that we simulate, quantify and correlate to measurements. This advancement in waveguide resonator technology paves the way to all-waveguide Billion Q cavities for applications including nonlinear optics, atomic clocks, quantum photonics and high-capacity fiber communications.
To evaluate the safety and technical efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic dilation of resistant biliary-enteric anastomotic strictures using a combination of cutting and conventional balloons and ...evaluate midterm results.
A retrospective review of patients with biliary-enteric anastomotic strictures treated with percutaneous transhepatic cutting balloon dilation was performed. Cutting balloon dilation was followed by dilation with the use of a conventional balloon with a diameter larger than that of the cutting balloon. Technical success was defined by the composite criteria of fluent passage of manually injected contrast medium through the anastomoses into the small bowel and absence of bile duct dilatation compared with the cholangiogram obtained before the procedure. Clinical and laboratory parameters, including serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and total leukocyte counts, were monitored in all patients at regular intervals after a technically successful procedure.
Between January 2012 and September 2013, eight patients (three men and five women) with a mean age of 50 years (range, 32-75 y) underwent 11 sessions of combined cutting and conventional balloon cholangioplasty. The procedure was technically successful in all patients. There were no major complications during the procedure. During the follow-up period (mean, 14 mo; range, 8-24 mo), all patients remained free of any biliary obstructive symptoms and had normal laboratory parameters with the absence of biliary dilatation on ultrasound examinations.
Cutting balloon dilation is a safe adjunctive option for the treatment of biliary-enteric anastomotic strictures resistant to conventional balloon dilation with acceptable midterm patency rates.
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