The Petawatt Aquitaine Laser (PETAL) facility was designed and constructed by the French Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) as an additional PW beamline to the Laser ...MegaJoule (LMJ) facility. PETAL energy is limited to 1 kJ at the beginning due to the damage threshold of the final optics. In this paper, we present the commissioning of the PW PETAL beamline. The first kJ shots in the amplifier section with a large spectrum front end, the alignment of the synthetic aperture compression stage and the initial demonstration of the 1.15 PW @ 850 J operations in the compression stage are detailed. Issues encountered relating to damage to optics are also addressed.
We present the experimental demonstration of a subaperture compression scheme achieved in the PETAL (PETawatt Aquitaine Laser) facility. We evidence that by dividing the beam into small subapertures ...fitting the available grating size, the sub-beam can be individually compressed below 1 ps, synchronized below 50 fs and then coherently added thanks to a segmented mirror.
The status of the PETAL project is presented in this paper. The global architecture and performances of this facility are detailed with the first experimental results obtained on the LIL facility, ...and with the main steps which will allow shooting in the center of the target chamber. Some technical issues like wavefront correction, damage threshold in femtosecond regime and focusing are presented.
We present the experimental demonstration of a subaperture compression scheme achieved in the PETAL (PETawatt Aquitaine Laser) facility. We evidence that by dividing the beam into small subapertures ...fitting the available grating size, the sub-beam can be individually compressed below 1 ps, synchronized below 50 fs and then coherently added thanks to a segmented mirror.
PETAL is an additional PW beamline to the LMJ. The kJ shots in the amplifier section, the compressor alignment and the 1.15 PW @ 850 J operations are detailed. Damage issues encountered are also ...addressed.
This study questions the relevance of Berthon, Ewing, and Hah (2005) employer brand equity (EmpAt) scale, which measures five dimensions of employer attractiveness: economic value, interest value, ...social value, development value, and application value. Therefore, replication is necessary, from a theoretical perspective, to corroborate the five-factor structure and the external validity of the EmpAt scale and, from a managerial perspective, to provide empirical evidence of the managerial usefulness of the scale.
The purpose of this research is two-fold: first, to question the relevance of this measurement tool; and second, to examine its explanatory power.
An online survey of 604 employees reveals that this scale needs some adjustment, although the structure of the scale seems to be reliable overall. The results also highlight the effects of employer brand equity on positive employee well-being, which in turn, influences loyalty.
Abstract Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TSGCT) is a rare benign tumor arising from joint synovia, bursae and tendon sheaths. Their variable clinical presentation is related to variations in site and ...progression. Localized forms are most frequent in the hands, and diffuse forms in the knee. MRI is necessary and sometimes sufficient for diagnosis. Treatment strategy is guided by progression, symptomatology, location and diathesis. Optimally complete resection is the principle of first-line treatment. Radiation therapy is effective and targeted therapies are promising; both should especially be considered in case of relapse.
Methamphetamine (METH) is an illicit drug that causes neurodegenerative effects in humans. In rodents, METH induces apoptosis of striatal glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) ‐containing neurons. This ...paper provides evidence that METH‐induced cell death occurs consequent to interactions of ER stress and mitochondrial death pathways. Specifically, injec¬tions of METH are followed by an almost immediate activation of proteases calpain and caspase‐12, events consistent with drug‐induced ER stress. Involvement of ER stress was further supported by observations of increases in the expression of GRP78/BiP and CHOP. Participation of the mitochondrial pathway was demon¬strated by the transition of AIF, smac/DIABLO, and cytochrome c from mitochondrial into cytoplasmic frac¬tions. These changes occur before the apoptosome‐associated pro‐caspase‐9 cleavage. Effector caspases‐3 and ‐6, but not ‐7, were cleaved with the initial time of caspase‐3 activation occurring before caspase 9 cleav¬age; this suggests possible earlier cleavage of caspase‐3 by caspase‐12. These events preceded proteolysis of the caspase substrates DFF‐45, lamin A, and PARP in nuclear fractions. These findings indicate that METH causes neuronal apoptosis in part via cross‐talks be¬tween ER‐ and mitochondria‐generated processes, which cause activation of both caspase‐dependent and ‐independent pathways.—Jayanthi, S., Deng, X., Noailles, P.‐A. H., Ladenheim, B., Cadet, J. L. Methamphetamine induces neuronal apoptosis via cross‐talks between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria‐de¬pendent death cascades. FASEB J. 18, 238–251 (2004)
Although interest in the subject of human-resource marketing is growing among researchers and practitioners, there have been remarkably few studies on the effects on employees of how benevolent their ...organization is. This article looks at the link between the presumption of organizational benevolence and the well-being of employees at work. The results of an empirical study of 595 employees show that the presumption of organizational benevolence is positively linked to employee well-being. The effect is indirect, as it is mediated by the perceived level of organizational support. The existence of a link between employee well-being and intention to quit the company is also confirmed.
Chronic intake of methamphetamine (METH) causes tolerance to its behavioral and subjective effects. To better mimic human patterns of drug abuse, the present study used a rodent model that took into ...account various facets of human drug administration and measured METH-induced effects on brain monoamine levels. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with METH or saline according to an escalating dose schedule for 2 weeks. This was followed by a challenge regimen of either saline or one of two doses of METH (3 x 10 mg/kg every 2 h or 6 x 5 mg/kg given every hour, both given within a single day). Both challenge doses of METH caused significant degrees of depletion of dopamine in the striatum and norepinephrine and serotonin in the striatum, cortex, and hippocampus. Animals pre-treated with METH showed significant attenuation of METH-induced striatal dopamine depletion but not consistent attenuation of norepinephrine and serotonin depletion. Unexpectedly, METH pre-treated animals that received the 3 x 10 mg/kg challenge showed less increases in tympanic temperatures than saline pre-treated rats whereas METH pre-treated animals that received the 6 x 5 mg/kg METH challenge showed comparable increases in temperatures to saline pre-treated rats. Therefore, pre-treatment-induced partial protection against monoamine depletion is probably not because of attenuated METH-induced hyperthermia in those rats.
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