RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN Algunos estudios apuntan a una asociación entre la evolución de la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles con los patrones alimentarios y la situación nutricional ...de la población. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el consumo de frutas y verduras en Argentina y su asociación con factores socioeconómicos, demográficos y de actividad física, a nivel individual, provincial y regional. MÉTODOS Se utilizó un modelo multinivel, con información de la Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo (2013) y del Censo Nacional (2001 y 2010). RESULTADOS El modelo demostró que ser del sexo femenino, tener más años de edad, ingreso a partir de 4.501 pesos y nivel de instrucción secundario completo o más se asocia de manera positiva al consumo de estos alimentos. En contraste, estar separado/a, divorciado/a, viudo/a o soltero/a y practicar actividad física moderada o baja se asocia negativamente a la ingesta de frutas y verduras. El efecto de la variabilidad explicada a nivel provincial y regional resultó ser mínimo. CONCLUSIONES El trabajo se enmarca en una línea de estudios que señalan que los factores relacionados con la alimentación saludable están vinculados a los entornos sociales y físicos, principalmente a características socioeconómicas del grupo de pertenencia y al contexto en que se vive. En este sentido, sería importante contar con información con mayores niveles de desagregación.
Background and objectives: There is growing recognition of environmental effect on obesity by scientific community. In middle and low-income countries there are few studies evaluating the influence ...of contextual factors on obesity, especially regarding the perception about food and physical activity environments. This study investigates how food and physical activity environments associate, separately and jointly, with body mass index (BMI) in 10,445 adult Brazilians, from 35 to 74 years old, who participated in the longitudinal study of adult health (Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde de Adulto, ELSA-Brasil). Methods: Food environment and physical activity environment were evaluated separately and jointly (combined environment) on a neighbourhood perception scale adapted to the Brazilian context. First, individual scores were calculated for perception of the environments, then an aggregate score was constructed for each of the three dimensions from the mean perceptions of ELSA participants residing in the same neighbourhood. BMI was analysed in continuous form, and gamma regression models with linked identify function were used. Results: After adjustment for study centre, age, income, schooling, self-reported health, length of time physically active and consumption of vegetables, an inverse association between BMI and physical activity environment (β = -0.063 kg/m2 CI: -0.106: -0.020) and food environment (β = -0.175 kg/m2 CI: -0.299: -0.051) was observed among the women, indicating that the better the environment, the smaller the BMI. Also, a stronger inverse association between BMI and favourable combined environment (β = -0.864 kg/m2 CI: -1.343: -0.387) was identified, also among the women. Among the men, no association was found between exposures and outcome of interest. Conclusions: The study findings indicate that contextual factors associate with obesity, demonstrating that choice of health-related habits is not solely a matter of individual responsibility, and that public policies should be implemented to favour healthier food and physical activity environments.
Dengue, a reemerging disease, is one of the most important viral diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. Climate is considered an important factor in the temporal and spatial distribution of ...vector-transmitted diseases. This study examined the effect of seasonal factors and the relationship between climatic variables and dengue risk in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2001 to 2009. Generalized linear models were used, with Poisson and negative binomial distributions. The best fitted model was the one with "minimum temperature" and "precipitation", both lagged by one month, controlled for "year". In that model, a 1°C increase in a month's minimum temperature led to a 45% increase in dengue cases in the following month, while a 10-millimeter rise in precipitation led to a 6% increase in dengue cases in the following month. Dengue transmission involves many factors: although still not fully understood, climate is a critical factor, since it facilitates analysis of the risk of epidemics.A dengue é doença reemergente e uma das mais importantes doenças virais transmitida por mosquito. O clima é considerado um fator relevante na distribuição temporal e espacial das doenças transmitidas por vetores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito de fatores sazonais e a relação entre as variáveis climáticas e o risco de dengue, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre 2001 e 2009. Foram utilizados modelos lineares generalizados, com distribuição Poisson e binomial negativa. O modelo com melhor ajuste foi o controlado por variáveis indicadoras do ano, que apresentou as variáveis temperatura mínima e precipitação, ambas com defasagem de um mês. Nesse modelo, o aumento de um grau na temperatura mínima em um mês leva ao aumento de 45% no número de casos de dengue no mês seguinte, enquanto o aumento em 10 milímetros na precipitação leva ao aumento de 6% no número de casos de dengue no mês seguinte. A transmissão da dengue está relacionada a muitos fatores; o impacto do clima, apesar de ainda não ser bem entendido, é apontado como crítico ao facilitar análise de risco de epidemias.
•Entomo-virological surveillance for arboviruses in Aedes spp. is an important tool for virus circulation.•Male mosquitos could play a role in DENV maintenance in nature.•Places of high human influx ...should be considered for continuous monitoring of Aedes infestation.
Aedes spp. are considered the main vectors of dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses in the world. Arbovirus detection in Aedes mosquitoes can alert authorities to possible outbreaks, reducing the impact of these diseases. The purpose of this study was to perform an operational strategy for virological surveillance of DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV in adult Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes captured at different key-sites in an endemic urban area of the Northeast Region of Brazil, with the prospect of discussing its role as part of an alert system for outbreaks in critical areas. Residential and non-residential premises located in areas of recent of transmission of these arboviruses were selected for adult mosquito collection in the rainy season (July) of 2018. A total of 1068 adult mosquitoes were collected: 946 Culex quinquefasciatus (88.6%), 118 Ae. aegypti (11.0%), two Ae. albopictus (0.2%) and two Aedes taeniorhynchus (0.2%). Among the premises surveyed, recycling points (N = 48, 40.7%), municipal schools (N = 36, 30.5%) and junkyards (N = 31, 26.2%) were the places with the highest frequency of adult Ae. aegypti. Health units (including primary health care facilities and one hospital) (N = 23; 19.5%) together with residential premises (N = 11; 9.3%) presented the lowest frequencies. Total RNAs of the samples were extracted from Aedes mosquitoes and a nested reverse transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detecting and typing DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV was performed. From the 37 Aedes spp. pools analyzed (35 Ae. aegypti, one Ae. albopictus and one Ae. taeniorhynchus), seven were positive for DENV-3, including three pools containing Ae. aegypti females, one containing an Ae. aegypti engorged female and three comprised of Ae. aegypti males. The positive pools were composed of mosquitoes collected in public schools, health units, junkyards, recycling points and residential premises. Our findings reinforce the importance of continuous virological surveillance in Aedes mosquitoes, as a useful tool for detecting arboviruses circulation in vulnerable areas, even in low infestation seasons.
Considering that the hemodynamic safety is a major concern about intradialytic exercise with blood flow restriction, this analysis was performed to compare the blood pressure (BP) behavior during the ...first two hours of hemodialysis (HD) between sessions with no exercise (control group, CG), low/moderate intensity aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction (BFRE) and conventional aerobic exercise (AE). Adult patients with chronic kidney disease on HD at a university hospital were randomly assigned and submitted to a 12-week intradialytic training with BFRE or AE compared with the CG group. The main outcomes of this report were the change in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP during HD and the frequency of low BP (LBP) and high BP (HBP) episodes. A total of 6,074 BP measurements of 58 patients were analyzed. There was a larger decrease in BP in the exercise sessions compared with the control sessions, but with a similar magnitude in the BFRE and AE groups (effect size 0.49). There was a higher number of LBP in the BFRE group. The frequency of HBP was similar between the BFRE and the CG groups and lower in the AE group. Despite a greater number of mild LBP in BFRE patients, the BP change during the first two hours of HD was similar to that of patients in AE. Intradialytic aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction does not seem to be associated with a higher hemodynamic burden than conventional aerobic exercise.
Introdução: O câncer de colo do útero apresenta-se nos dias atuais como importante problema de saúde pública, representando altas taxas de incidência e morbimortalidade a cada ano, indicando a ...gravidade dessa condição. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo, avaliar as ações preventivas dessa doença desenvolvidas pelos profissionais enfermeiros na atenção primária, em mulheres atendidas nas Estratégias de Saúde da Família. Casuísticas e Métodos: Utilizou-se a metodologia quantitativa e descritiva, sendo entrevistados 35 profissionais enfermeiros atuantes na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes estabeleceu um elo na busca da efetivação das ações preventivas, além de possuir autonomia no desenvolvimento dessas ações. Conclusão: Os resultados apontaram concretização das ações preventivas de forma íntegra e contínua, operacionalizadas em um novo modelo assistencial.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery Lima, Paula Monique Barbosa; Farias, Rebeca Taciana Fernandes de Brito; Carvalho, Aline Carla Araújo ...
Revista brasileira de cirurgia cardiovascular : orgao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular,
2011 Oct-Dec, Letnik:
26, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
After cardiac surgery, patients have a limitation in respiratory muscle strength, which favors the appearing of pulmonary complications.
To evaluate the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical ...nerve stimulation (TENS) on the painful process and respiratory muscle strength in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).
The study included patients after on-pump CABG through sternotomy, general anesthesia, without being under the influence of neuromuscular blockade, with use of chest and mediastinal tubes, and extubation within 6 hours after the procedure and presenting index equal to or greater than three visual analog scale (VAS) of pain being on the first day after surgery. We recruited 20 patients divided into two groups with no predominance of sex: the control group (n = 10), who received more physiotherapy analgesic therapy, and TENS group received analgesic therapy, physiotherapy and TENS. The TENS was applied for 30 minutes, three times a day, a 3-hour period each application.
For the degree of pain, there was an average start and end, respectively, 7.0 / 1.0 for the TENS group and 7.0 / 8.0 for the control group. For inspiratory muscle strength, - 102.5 cmH2O / - 141.17 cm H2O to the TENS group and - 97.0 cmH2O / - 100.3 cm H2O for control. The expiratory muscle strength, 63cmH2O/125 cmH2O for the TENS group and 55.3 cmH2O/53, 2 cmH2O for the control group.
TENS has shown significant effectiveness in reducing pain, and the increase in respiratory muscle strength at first-day after CABG surgery.
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