The whole Extreme Energy Events (EEE) array is composed of 61 telescopes installed in Italian High Schools, built and operated by students and teachers, constantly supervised by researchers. The muon ...telescope of the EEE Project is made by 3 Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC). The unconventional working sites are a unique test field for checking the robustness and the low-ageing features of the MRPC technology for particle tracking and timing purposes. The MRPCs are fluxed with a standard mixture (98% C
2
H
2
F
4
- 2% SF
6
) of greenhouse gases (GHG) phasing out of production. The EEE Collaboration is currently studying alternative mixtures environmentally and economically sustainable. The EEE Collaboration actions to reduce the Global Warming Potential (GWP) in the MRPC array of the EEE experiment are progressing.
In this paper, different Silicon PhotoMultiplier (SiPM) sensors have been tested with charged particles to characterize the Cherenkov light produced in the sensor protection layer. A careful position ...scan of the SiPM response has been performed with different prototypes, confirming the large number of firing cells and proving almost full efficiency, with the SiPM filling factor essentially negligible. This study also allowed us to study the time resolution of such devices as a function of the number of firing cells, reaching values below 20 ps. These measurements provide significant insight into the capabilities of SiPM sensors in direct detection of charged particles and their potential for several applications.
The Extreme Energy Events (EEE) experiment consists in a network of cosmic muon tracker telescopes, each made of three Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC), able to precisely measure the ...absolute muon crossing time and the muon integrated angular flux at the ground level. To investigate the MRPC telescope response and performance, a simulation tool was developed in GEMC, software package based on GEANT4 libraries. The framework was validated by comparing simulations with the EEE experimental data. Detailed description of telescope response is fundamental to carry on the physics program of the EEE project, and it could open other research avenues, such as using the telescope in combination with other detectors to perform a (muon) tomography of material surrounding the telescope. In this paper, the EEE simulation framework will be presented reporting results and discussing further applications.
The Extreme Energy Events (EEE) experiment is a project by Centro Fermi (Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”) in collaboration with INFN, CERN and MIUR, designed to ...study cosmic rays via a network of muon telescopes, based on the Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC) technology. Due to its wide coverage over the Italian territory (more than 10° in latitude and longitude, covering more than 3x105km2), the EEE network is the largest MRPC – based system for cosmic rays detection. Each MRPC has 6 gas gaps obtained by a stack of glass plate, spaced 250μm each, and is equipped with 24 copper strips. Since its beginning, the EEE MRPCs were filled with a gas mixture of 98% of tetrafluoroethane and 2% of sulfur hexafluoride, but recent restrictions on greenhouse gases have prompted the study of their performance with new gas mixtures. To this aim, extensive tests of tetrafluoropropene and carbon dioxide or sulfur hexafluoride gas mixtures have been carried out.
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A search for long distance correlations between individual Extensive Air Showers (EAS) detected by pairs of MRPC telescopes of the Extreme Energy Events (EEE) network was carried out. The search ...for an anomaly in these events is the purpose of our work. A dataset obtained by all the possible 45 pairs between 10 EEE cluster sites (hosting at least two telescopes), located at relative distances between 86 and 1200km, was analyzed, corresponding to an overall period of 3968 days time exposure. To estimate the possible event excess with respect to the spurious rate, the number of coincidence events was extracted as a function of the time difference between the arrival of the showers in the two sites, from
±
10
s to the smallest time interval where events are still observed. The analysis was done taking into account both the time and orientation correlation between the showers detected by the telescope pairs. A few candidate events with unusually small time difference and angular distance were observed, with a p-value sensibly smaller than a confidence level of 0.05.
In this paper, evidence that the increased response of SiPM sensors to the passage of charged particles is related mainly to Cherenkov light produced in the protection layer is reported. The response ...and timing properties of sensors with different protection layers have been studied.
The new Trigger/GPS module for the extreme energy events project Abbrescia, M.; Avanzini, C.; Baek, Y. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
10/2019, Letnik:
942
Journal Article
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The Extreme Energy Event (EEE) project is an experiment devoted to the study of high energy Extensive Air Showers (EAS) over a very large area, using an array of muon telescopes. At present the array ...is composed of more than 50 stations, most of them distributed across the Italian territory, on a total area of around 3×105km2. The telescopes are based on position-sensitive Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs) whose readout strips are connected to two TDC (Time-to-Digital Converter) units. Here a novel VME trigger unit for the EEE telescopes is presented, which also includes an embedded GPS receiver for precision timing applications. This new unit gets together, in the same electronic board, the functionalities of different parts of the electronics used up to now in the EEE experiment, and adds new ones, making the whole readout system simpler, more flexible and robust. Details about the trigger/GPS unit, including some measurements of its time resolution, are reported here.
In this paper the first study of the upward going events detected by the telescopes of the Extreme Energy Event (EEE) project is reported. The EEE project consists of a detector array of Multigap ...Resistive Plate Chambers located at selected sites on the Italian territory. During autumn 2014 the first coordinated data taking period took place and around one billion candidate tracks were collected. Among them, of particular interest is the sample of particles which cross the telescopes from below. The results obtained demonstrate that the EEE telescopes can distinguish the electrons produced as decay products of cosmic muons stopped in the ground, or in the last chamber of the telescopes themselves, confirming the excellent performance of the system for the investigation of intriguing cosmic phenomena.
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