Using transparent microfluidic cells to study the two‐phase properties of a synthetic porous medium, we establish that the interfacial area per volume between nonwetting and wetting fluids lifts the ...ambiguity associated with the hysteretic relationship between capillary pressure and saturation in porous media. The interface between the nonwetting and wetting phases is composed of two subsets: one with a unique curvature determined by the capillary pressure, and the other with a distribution of curvatures dominated by disjoining pressure. This work provides experimental support for recent theoretical predictions that the capillary‐dominated subset plays a role analogous to a state variable. Any comprehensive description of multiphase flow properties must include this interfacial area with the traditional variables of pressure and fluid saturation.
Presents a unifying approach to the physics of chaos, nonlinear systems, dynamic networks, evolutionary dynamics, econophysics, and the theory of relativity. Each chapter has many worked examples and ...simple computer simulations that allow the student to explore the rich phenomena of nonlinear physics.
Spinning-disk interferometers are a new class of analytic sensors to detect immobilized biomolecules with high speed and high sensitivity. The disks are composed of a large number of surface-normal ...self-referencing interferometers, analogous to an optical CD, but operating on the principle of microdiffraction quadrature that achieves sensitive linear detection of bound molecules. The surface-normal structures have a small footprint of only 20
μm each, allowing potential integration to over a million interferometric elements per disk. We have fabricated interferometric microstructures on silicon and on dielectric mirror disks to demonstrate the basic principles of the BioCD. We have detected the presence of immobilized anti-mouse IgG and the specific binding of 10
femtomol of mouse IgG at a sampling rate of 100
kilo-samples/s, while also demonstrating negligible non-specific binding. This technique provides a label-free method that could potentially screen hundreds to thousands of proteins per disk.
The sensitivity limits for an in-line interferometric (IL)/fluorescent (FL) dual-channel BioCD are established as a function of spatial averaging. Forward-phase and sandwich assays at 10
ng/ml were ...performed on large-scale antibody microarrays (6800-spot) and detected using in-line interferometry and fluorescence channels. The interferometric channel has an extrapolated label-free limit-of-detection (LOD) of 250
pg/ml in a forward-phase assay for which the fluorescent channel is inapplicable. In the sandwich assay, the extrapolated limit-of-detection is 70
pg/ml for the interferometric channel, and for the fluorescent channel it is 30
pg/ml.
Intrinsic scale-free sensitivities for the detection channels are defined assuming spatially uncorrelated fluctuations with sensitivities of
S′
=
13
pg/mm for interferometric detection and 7
pg/mm for sandwich fluorescent detection. The
intrinsic sensitivities become weakly scale dependent in the presence of fractal spatial correlations among the antibody spots.
Spinning-disc interferometry (SDI) is a high-speed laser scanning approach to surface metrology that uses common-path interferometry to measure protein spots on a BioCD disk. The measurement ...sensitivity depends on the scanning pitch and on the time-base. Based on high-resolution laser scanning images of printed antibody spots, we quantify the protein sensitivity as a function of the scan parameters. For smoothly printed antibody spots scanned with a transverse spatial resolution of 1 μm, the surface height precision for a single 100 μm diameter protein spot is approximately 1 pm. This detection sensitivity sets the fundamental limit of detection for label-free BioCD biosensors performing immunoassays.
Inverse problems in blood flow modeling: A review Nolte, David; Bertoglio, Cristóbal
International journal for numerical methods in biomedical engineering,
August 2022, Letnik:
38, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Mathematical and computational modeling of the cardiovascular system is increasingly providing non‐invasive alternatives to traditional invasive clinical procedures. Moreover, it has the potential ...for generating additional diagnostic markers. In blood flow computations, the personalization of spatially distributed (i.e., 3D) models is a key step which relies on the formulation and numerical solution of inverse problems using clinical data, typically medical images for measuring both anatomy and function of the vasculature. In the last years, the development and application of inverse methods has rapidly expanded most likely due to the increased availability of data in clinical centers and the growing interest of modelers and clinicians in collaborating. Therefore, this work aims to provide a wide and comparative overview of literature within the last decade. We review the current state of the art of inverse problems in blood flows, focusing on studies considering fully dimensional fluid and fluid–solid models. The relevant physical models and hemodynamic measurement techniques are introduced, followed by a survey of mathematical data assimilation approaches used to solve different kinds of inverse problems, namely state and parameter estimation. An exhaustive discussion of the literature of the last decade is presented, structured by types of problems, models and available data.
We review the current state of the art of inverse problems in blood flows, focusing on studies considering fully dimensional fluid and fluid‐solid models. The relevant physical models and hemodynamic measurement techniques are introduced, followed by a survey of mathematical data assimilation approaches used to solve different kinds of inverse problems, namely state and parameter estimation. An exhaustive discussion of the literature of the last
ABSTRACT
The effects of the scale of measurement, i.e., the field of view, on the interpretation of fracture properties from seismic wave propagation was investigated using an acoustic lens system to ...produce a pseudo‐collimated wavefront. The incident wavefront had a controllable beam diameter that set the field of view at 15 mm, 30 mm and 60 mm. On a smaller scale, traditional acoustic scans were used to probe the fracture in 2 mm increments. This laboratory approach was applied to two limestone samples, each containing a single induced fracture and compared to an acrylic control sample. From the analysis of the average coherent sum of the signals measured on each scale, we observed that the scale of the field of view affected the interpretation of the fracture specific stiffness. Many small‐scale measurements of the seismic response of a fracture, when summed, did not predict the large‐scale response of the fracture. The change from a frequency‐independent to frequency‐dependent fracture stiffness occurs when the scale of the field of view exceeds the spatial correlation length associated with fracture geometry. A frequency‐independent fracture specific stiffness is not sufficient to classify a fracture as homogeneous. A nonuniform spatial distribution of fracture specific stiffness and overlapping geometric scales in a fracture cause a scale‐dependent seismic response, which requires measurements at different field of views to fully characterize the fracture.
Acute myelogenous leukemia is a hematologic malignancy defined by the presence of myeloid blasts causing bone marrow infiltration. Evaluation and workup of acute myelogenous leukemia is based on ...comprehensive medical history, physical examination, laboratory evaluation, and bone marrow sampling. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the study of choice in the evaluation of this disease including the initial evaluation, treatment follow-up, and complications. Herein, we report a case of relapse of the acute myelogenic leukemia in an adult patient who presented with diffuse periostitis in his lower extremities diagnosed on MR imaging and confirmed on Technetium bone scan, which also showed periostitis along the bilateral humeri. To our knowledge, this was not previously reported in the English literature.
## In Detail Mobile game development can be split into 2 core tasks: game programming and game design. Although there are a number of books on mobile gameprogramming, there are hardly any books that ...focus on end-to-end game design. Moreover, it's a well established fact that game design is equally important while creating top quality games for both PCs and mobiles. The gaming industry is now moving towards the mobile market from the traditional PC and mobile gaming has become a serious business. The aim of this book is to offer a guide to those who are willing to test their skills in this potentially, very profitable segment. It will provide useful information about the tools you need to develop well done games for mobile, how to take advantage of the limits of a mobile phone to design perfect gameplay and which are the best business models to adopt in order to make money out of your games. ## Approach A step-by-step guide. ## Who this book is for This book is for all game developers, designers, and hobbyists who want to create assets for mobile games.
Adaptive spinning-disk interferometry is capable of measuring surface profiles of a thin biolayer with subnanometer longitudinal resolution. High-speed phase modulation in the signal beam arises from ...the moving surface height profile on the spinning disk and is detected as a homodyne signal via dynamic two-wave mixing. A photorefractive quantum-well device performs as an adaptive mixer that compensates disk wobble and vibration while it phase-locks the signal and reference waves in the phase quadrature condition (pi/2 relative phase between the signal and local oscillator). We performed biosensing of immobilized monolayers of antibodies on the disk in both transmission and reflection detection modes. Single- and dual-analyte adaptive spinning-disk immunoassays were demonstrated with good specificity and without observable cross-reactivity. Reflection-mode detection enhances the biosensing sensitivity to one-twentieth of a protein monolayer, creates a topographic map of the protein layer, and can differentiate monolayers of different species by their effective optical thicknesses.
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