The Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS is the biggest opposition party in Malaysia today and one of the most prominent Islamist parties in Southeast Asia. This work recounts the historical development ...of PAS from 1951 to the present, and looks at how it has risen to become a political movement that is both local and transnational, tracking its rise from the Cold War to the age of the War on Terror, and its evolving ideological postures - from anti-colonialism to post-revolutionary Islamism, as the party adapted itself to the realities of the postmodern global age. PAS's long engagement with modernity and its nuanced approach to the goal of state capture is the focus of this work, as it recounts the story of the Islamist party and Malaysia by extension.
Delving into the current chronicles of research findings, explorations of biodiesel production and utilization in diesel engines have been at the forefront of sustainable and creative energy ...discovery. Far beyond the problems of energy crises, renewable biodiesel offers unlimited solutions to the associated issues of depleting reserves and harmful emissions with fossil fuels. In overcoming the increasing energy demand owing to the growing worldwide population, the emergence of biodiesel and its global adoption in the transportation sector has brought along a reliable fuel supply that can be used in diesel engines without any modification. This study explores the comprehensive utilization of biodiesel as engine fuel and shows the prevalent global current adoption in automobiles engines. The production rates are documented globally and promoting policies that are being mandated in many countries of the world are discussed as well. The improved state of things in achieving effective power conversion from biodiesel combustion with minimal emission impact on the environment has been documented. Worldwide technological adoption has been captured according to production rate, usage and legislation favouring the economic feasibility of diesel engines that are suitable for biodiesel with little or no modification. With the progress made so far by many researchers to establish biodiesel as a viable engine fuel, coupled with the ability to eradicate environmental issues like global warming and sustainability, it is evident that biodiesel is designed to make a future energy investment and significant addition to the domestic and industrial automobile economy.
Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) uses the reducing potential of NADH to drive protons across the energy-transducing inner membrane and power oxidative phosphorylation in mammalian ...mitochondria. Recent cryo-EM analyses have produced near-complete models of all 45 subunits in the bovine, ovine and porcine complexes and have identified two states relevant to complex I in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here, we describe the 3.3-Å structure of complex I from mouse heart mitochondria, a biomedically relevant model system, in the 'active' state. We reveal a nucleotide bound in subunit NDUFA10, a nucleoside kinase homolog, and define mechanistically critical elements in the mammalian enzyme. By comparisons with a 3.9-Å structure of the 'deactive' state and with known bacterial structures, we identify differences in helical geometry in the membrane domain that occur upon activation or that alter the positions of catalytically important charged residues. Our results demonstrate the capability of cryo-EM analyses to challenge and develop mechanistic models for mammalian complex I.
Empire-building did not only involve the use of excessive violence against native communities, but also required the gathering of data about the native Other. This is a book about books, which looks ...at the writings of Western colonial administrators, company-men and map-makers who wrote about Southeast Asia in the 19th century. In the course of their information-gathering they had also framed the people of Southeast Asia in a manner that gave rise to Orientalist racial stereotypes that would be used again and again. This work revisits the era of colonial data-collecting to demonstrate the workings of the imperial echo chamber, and how in the discourse of 19th century colonial-capitalism data was effectively weaponized to serve the interests of Empire.
Trichoderma spp. have been widely used in agricultural applications due to its well known biological control mechanism. The usage of this microbial inoculant in Trichoderma-based products attracts ...the attention of researchers to discover more on other potential benefits of Trichoderma spp. Hence, through research work from worldwide researchers, we present the success of Trichoderma spp. relate to plant diseases, plant growth, decomposition process and bioremediation. Plus, their secondary metabolites production in agroecosystem will also be reviewed in this paper. These surprising findings bring enormous advantages to the agriculture industry in order to apply environmentally friendly agriculture practices.
Air pollution is a precursor to many health issues such as difficulty breathing, asthma, lung and heart diseases, and cancer. This study presents a concise view of biodiesel combustion in mitigating ...pollutant emissions which are generated by the combustion of fossil fuels, thereby eliminating the negative effects on human health and the environment. Gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and carbon dioxide are found to be major exhaust emissions from vehicles running on fossil fuels. Excessive exposure to these pollutants was found to be a precursor to reductions in life expectancy via health complications in humans. Greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector were found to be 24% of total annual emissions, 74.5% of which came from the combustion of fossil fuel in road vehicles. Biodiesel combustion in vehicular engines is established to be a control technology in reducing gaseous pollutants toward building a sustainable and healthy human–environment scenario. The emissions reduction index from the United States National Biodiesel Board showed that the combustion of biodiesel wholly as a transportation fuel decreased total hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon, and sulfur emissions by 67%, 80%, 48%, and 100%, respectively. Evaluation of emission results from topical literature strongly suggests that the use of biodiesel is effective in the reduction in pollutants, which is beneficial to human and environmental sustainability.
Single-particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) has led to a revolution in structural work on mammalian respiratory complex I. Complex I (mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase), a ...membrane-bound redox-driven proton pump, is one of the largest and most complicated enzymes in the mammalian cell. Rapid progress, following the first 5-Å resolution data on bovine complex I in 2014, has led to a model for mouse complex I at 3.3-Å resolution that contains 96% of the 8,518 residues and to the identification of different particle classes, some of which are assigned to biochemically defined states. Factors that helped improve resolution, including improvements to biochemistry, cryo-EM grid preparation, data collection strategy, and image processing, are discussed. Together with recent structural data from an ancient relative, membrane-bound hydrogenase, cryo-EM on mammalian complex I has provided new insights into the proton-pumping machinery and a foundation for understanding the enzyme's catalytic mechanism.
Structural health monitoring is a popular inspection method that utilizes acoustic emission (AE) signals for fault detection in engineering infrastructures. Diagnosis based on the propagation of AE ...signals along any surface material offers an attractive solution for fault identification. However, the classification of AE signals originating from failure events, especially coating failure (coating disbondment), is a challenging task given the AE signature of each material. Thus, different experimental settings and analyses of AE signals are required to classify the various types of coating failures, and they are time-consuming and expensive. Hence, to address these issues, we utilized machine learning (ML) classification models in this work to evaluate epoxy-based-protective-coating disbondment based on the AE principle. A coating disbondment experiment consisting of coated carbon steel test panels for the collection of AE signals was implemented. The obtained AE signals were then processed to construct the final dataset to train various state-of-the-art ML classification models to divide the failure severity of coating disbondment into three classes. Consequently, methods for the extraction of useful features, the handling of data imbalance, and a reduction in the bias of ML models were also effectively utilized in this study. Evaluations of state-of-the-art ML classification models on the AE signal dataset in terms of standard metrics revealed that the decision forest classification model outperformed the other state-of-the-art models, with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score values of 99.48%, 98.76%, 97.58%, and 98.17%, respectively. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of utilizing ML classification models for the failure severity prediction of protective-coating defects via AE signals.
The inhibitive action of some quaternary N-heterocyclic compounds namely 1-methyl-44′(-X)-styryl pyridinium iodides (X: -H, -Cl and -OH)on the corrosion of Al–Cu alloy in 0.5
M HCl solutions was ...evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and weight loss measurements. All the studied compounds showed good inhibitive characteristics against the corrosion of Al–Cu alloy in the tested solutions and their performance increases with inhibitor concentration. Polarization data indicated that the studied compounds are cathodic inhibitors without changing the mechanism of hydrogen evolution reaction.The adsorption of all inhibitors on Al–Cu alloy obeys Langmiur adsorption isotherm. The effect of temperature (30–70
°C) on the inhibition efficiency at certain concentration of the studied compounds was investigated. The data revealed that the studied compounds have good pickling inhibitor's quality as they perform well even at relatively high temperature. The corrosion activation parameters (
E
a, Δ
H*, Δ
S* and Δ
G*) were estimated and discussed. It was found that
E
a values for Al–Cu alloy corrosion in the inhibited solutions were higher than that for the uninhibited solution, indicating good inhibitor characteristics with physical adsorption mechanism. The effect of acid
, s anion on the performance of the studied inhibitors was studied and discussed.
Respiratory complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) captures the free energy from oxidising NADH and reducing ubiquinone to drive protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane and power ...oxidative phosphorylation. Recent cryo-EM analyses have produced near-complete models of the mammalian complex, but leave the molecular principles of its long-range energy coupling mechanism open to debate. Here, we describe the 3.0-Å resolution cryo-EM structure of complex I from mouse heart mitochondria with a substrate-like inhibitor, piericidin A, bound in the ubiquinone-binding active site. We combine our structural analyses with both functional and computational studies to demonstrate competitive inhibitor binding poses and provide evidence that two inhibitor molecules bind end-to-end in the long substrate binding channel. Our findings reveal information about the mechanisms of inhibition and substrate reduction that are central for understanding the principles of energy transduction in mammalian complex I.
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