In this contribution we address this deficiency by mapping the distribution of the igneous complexes in both onshore and offshore areas of central Spitsbergen, using an integrated dataset ...incorporating 2D seismic data with magnetic profiles, high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data, digital elevation models, aerial photos, geological maps, a lidar model and fieldwork. The intrusions occur primarily as sills, typically less than 50 m thick but extending over 10 km laterally. Subordinate dykes, transgressive sill segments and saucer-shaped intrusions are also present. Increased structural complexity is evident in the higher parts of the stratigraphy, with sill/dyke interactions relatively common. Some exposed positive relief features on the seafloor are interpreted as resistant dolerite intrusions, based on bathymetric data, 2D seismic lines and magnetic profiles. As well as describing the overall geometry of the igneous complex, we investigate the implications of igneous intrusions for fluid flow within a siliciclastic aquifer, highlighted by a study addressing potential subsurface CO sub(2) storage in central Spitsbergen.
Provider: - Institution: Saaremaa Muuseum SA - Data provided by Europeana Collections- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 ...Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: Saaremaa Muuseum SA - Data provided by Europeana Collections- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 ...Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: Saaremaa Muuseum SA - Data provided by Europeana Collections- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 ...Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: Saaremaa Muuseum SA - Data provided by Europeana Collections- sündmuses osalenud objekti kommentaar: Musitseerivad (vasakult) Maret Vesiaid, Maie Mätas, Luule Tarvis, Herman ...Vesiaid.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
The relative duration of active and dormant seasons has a strong influence on ecosystem net carbon balance and its carbon uptake potential. While recognized as an important source of temporal and ...spatial variability, the seasonality of ecosystem carbon balance has not been studied explicitly, and still lacks standard terminology. In the current chapter, we apply a curve fitting procedure to define seasonal transitions in ecosystem gross productivity (GEP) and respiration (ER), and we show that the temporal changes in these two fluxes are not synchronous, and that the transition dates and rates of change vary both across sites and between years. Carbon uptake period (CUP), a common phenological metric, defined from ecosystem net carbon exchange (NEE), is related to these periods of activity, but the differential sensitivities of GEP and ER to environmental factors complicate the interpretation of variation in CUP alone. On a landscape scale, differences in stand age represent a major source of heterogeneity reflected in different flux capacities as well as microclimate. In the current study, we evaluate age-related differences in the phenological transitions of GEP and ER using hardwood and conifer chronosequences. While a significant portion of variability in GEP seasonality was explained with stand age, the influence of interannual climatic variability exceeded these, and was the predominant factor affecting ER seasonality. The length of the active season (ASL) varied more due to differences in the timing of the end rather than the start of the active period. ASL of GEP was consistently greater in conifers than hardwoods, but the opposite was true for ER.
Soil moisture supply and atmospheric demand for water independently limit-and profoundly affect-vegetation productivity and water use during periods of hydrologic stress(1-4). Disentangling the ...impact of these two drivers on ecosystem carbon and water cycling is difficult because they are often correlated, and experimental tools for manipulating atmospheric demand in the field are lacking. Consequently, the role of atmospheric demand is often not adequately factored into experiments or represented in models(5-7). Here we show that atmospheric demand limits surface conductance and evapotranspiration to a greater extent than soil moisture in many biomes, including mesic forests that are of particular importance to the terrestrial carbon sink(8,9). Further, using projections from ten general circulation models, we show that climate change will increase the importance of atmospheric constraints to carbon and water fluxes in all ecosystems. Consequently, atmospheric demand will become increasingly important for vegetation function, accounting for >70% of growing season limitation to surface conductance in mesic temperate forests. Our results suggest that failure to consider the limiting role of atmospheric demand in experimental designs, simulation models and land management strategies will lead to incorrect projections of ecosystem responses to future climate conditions.
Provider: - Institution: Saaremaa Muuseum SA - Data provided by Europeana Collections- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 ...Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: Saaremaa Muuseum SA - Data provided by Europeana Collections- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 ...Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: Saaremaa Muuseum SA - Data provided by Europeana Collections- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 ...Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
