We consider the process of catastrophic expansion of a spacelike wormhole after a violation of its equilibrium state. The dynamics of deformation of the comoving reference frame is investigated. We ...show that the deformation has a very specific anisotropic feature. The statement made earlier by other authors, that in the process of expanding the wormhole connecting two universes these universes ultimately unite into one universe, is not correct. We show that the transverse size of the wormhole (its throat) increases and the length of the corridor decreases which does not correspond to the de Sitter model.
Based on Khalatnikov’s ideas, we consider the physical processes that arise in the collapse of wormholes of different types. We emphasize that the physical processes during the collapse and their ...outcome depend significantly on the type of wormhole. We consider in detail how black holes arise in the collapse of wormholes.
The topology of the surface of the thin polymer films obtained on glass from the micellar solutions of the samples of gelatin in an isooctane–water–sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) ...mixture upon varying the average molecular weight
M
of the polymer and at a constant molar ratio H
2
O/AOT = 40 is studied by electron microscopy. It is shown that films with a characteristic structure are formed from the solutions with the initial concentration of gelatin which corresponds to the gelation threshold: polymer nanoglobules are located in the cells of the physical network of pinnings of the macromolecules—the internal percolation cluster of the particles. Here, the average size of the globules drops with a decrease in
M
, and their polydispersity index grows. The same changes are observed for the cells of the network, in which local correlations of the density–density type weaken. The ratio of the average sizes of the cells and nanoglobules does not depend on
M
due to the universal fractal cluster structure of the films.
The topology of density fluctuations on the surfaces of amorphous thin films prepared from solutions of some flexible-chain polymers has been studied based on electron microscopy data on submicron ...and micron scales. It is shown that the microphase-separation effects in the films become stronger with an increase in the initial solution concentrations due to self-organization of macromolecular aggregates (clusters): anisotropy, long-range order, and correlation length ξ of density fluctuations increase. The self-organization is completed with formation of an infinite cluster of particles with a periodically inhomogeneous density, which occupies ~30% of the film surface. The density–density correlation function of this cluster on the ~ξ scale is universal and independent of the polymer composition and molecular weight.
We consider the Stokes parameters' frequency spectral distortions arising due to Compton scattering of the anisotropic cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZ), ...towards clusters of galaxies. We single out a very special type of such distortions and find simple analytical formulas for them. We show that this kind of distortion has a very distinctive spectral shape and can be separated from other kinds of contaminants. We demonstrate that this effect gives us an opportunity for an independent estimation of the low-multipole angular CMB anisotropies, such as the dipole, the quadrupole, and the octupole. We also show that, using distorted signals from nearby and distant clusters, one can distinguish between the Sachs-Wolfe and the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effects. The detection of such distortions can be feasible with high-angular-resolution and high-sensitivity space missions, such as the upcoming Millimetron Space Observatory experiment.
Bounded Rationality and Control Novikov, D. A.
Automation and remote control,
06/2022, Letnik:
83, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A rationality-bounding condition is formulated: when jointly solving control, communication, and computing problems (С
), an optimal solution (control action) can be impossible to find due to ...real-time requirements, and almost optimal solutions have to be used instead (the best ones found under the existing constraints on the search procedure). This condition interconnects common concepts in control and optimization such as requisite variety, bounded rationality, analytical complexity, heuristics, and records in real-time optimization, demonstrating their unity and deep relationship. For the institutional control of organizational and technical systems, several applications-relevant problems are solved: minimizing the error or complexity, finding a critical capacity of a communication channel and a critical rate of computing, and determining the maximum number of controlled subsystems.
Electron microscopy data are used to investigate the formation of a submicron layer of a polyamido acid (PAAc) on the surface of polypyromellitimide (PI) film subjected to sequential treatment with ...aqueous alkali and acid solutions. To analyze the topology of distribution of PAAc macromolecule clusters on the surface of modified PI films, PAAc is decorated with silver chloride nanoparticles. The presence of ordering in the spatial distribution of the ensemble density of decorating nanoparticles is revealed. The degree of order is shown to vary nonmonotonically with the duration of alkaline hydrolysis of PI. This variation is explained by superposition of two processes: the formation of PAAc clusters as a result of a topochemical reaction in the macromolecular PI chains and random cluster-cluster aggregation. The formation of PAAc clusters is centered around periodically alternating microdomains, i.e., dense aggregates of PI molecules. Conditions leading to the formation of the ordered cluster PAAc structure upon modification of PI surface are identified.
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