Photocontrol of molecular alignment is an exceptionally-intelligent and useful strategy. It enables us to control optical coefficients, peripheral molecular alignments, surface relief structure, and ...actuation of substances by means of photoirradiation. Epoxy linear polymers with azobenzene and alkyl side groups were synthesized and studied. They showed interesting and variable photo-response upon visible-light irradiation due to trans–cis–trans photoisomerization of the azobenzene units. The influence of physical crosslinks between alkyl chains on optical and mechanical properties was also investigated. Mechanical characterization of the polymers was done by nanoindentation. Light induced reversible or irreversible changes in the polymer after being irradiated with visible light, depend on the polarization states of light used. When using circularly polarized light, reversible mechanical response is observed. Permanent structural changes in films are related to anisotropic alignment of azobenzene molecules (after being illuminated with linear polarized light) and/or physical crosslinks of alkyl chains. This study demonstrated the importance of the polymer architecture and the presence of domains of alkyl chains on the potential photo responsiveness.
•Photoresponsive linear epoxy polymers with widely tunable optical/mechanical properties were obtained.•Light induced reversible or irreversible changes in the polymer after being irradiated with visible light.•When using circularly polarized light, reversible mechanical response is observed.•Permanent structural changes in films are related to anisotropic alignment of azobenzene units and/or to physical crosslinks.
Impact of urban farming on health: a systematic review Cano-Verdugo, Guillermo; Flores-García, Brianda Daniela; Núñez-Rocha, Georgina Mayela ...
Journal of public health (Oxford, England),
2024-May-04, 2024-05-04, 20240504
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Urban farms are spaces designated for the cultivation of plants for food security, medicinal and curative purposes. Since the turn of the century, they have become more widespread and health benefits ...have been claimed; however, no consensus exists regarding this information. Hence, this study aims to provide information about the health effects of urban farming.
Protocol register number CRD42023448001. We followed the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Studies addressing urban farming interventions in any population group were included without age limitation of publication from PubMed, DOAJ, CAB Abstracts and NIH. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions tool, and data were narratively synthesized.
The search retrieved 2578 manuscripts, reduced to seven after screening. Urban farming's impact on health has been reflected in the physical domain by increasing self-reported health levels, physical activity, perceived general health, healthy eating and decreasing drug use. Parasites' presence has also been reported. In the mental aspect, urban farming is associated with relaxation and stress reduction. From a social perspective, urban farms provide a sense of belonging, personal growth and happiness.
The benefits of urban farming outweigh the disadvantages. Further research should be conducted to clarify the potential benefits of this practice.
In this dissertation I will study the underworld of La Paz, Bolivia through the writings about marginalized people by the indigent and alcoholic writer Víctor Hugo Viscarra (1958-2006). This study ...will focus on showing the social degradation suffered by the homeless and how they lose the title of being considered “subjects” within society and can be defined as abject beings. According to Julia Kristeva abjection is “what disturbs identity, system, order. What does not respect borders, positions, rules” (5). I analyze how Viscarra's work becomes a testimony that narrates the collectivity of the Bolivian marginal community, of these abject beings who disturb society. In this dissertation, I will consider, the dictatorship (1964 – 1982) to our times. Viscarra as a writer attempts to show the human side of the urban underworld by placing the reader in an empathetic position with marginalized people. Viscarra’s literature recognizes and values the life of the indigent people, and through the representation of their stories, he gives them the voice they deserve. For a better understanding of Viscarra’s work I will describe how the underworld is segregated. Specifically, I describe the beings that are more marginalized in the streets such as: the indigenous people who migrated to the city, the afrobolivians, the cholas that became prostitutes, the transgender people, homeless children, and street animals.Space also has a crucial role in Viscarra’s literature. I will analyze the places in the city that these human beings occupy. I describe the urban space such as the streets, alleys, bars, and other visible and clandestine places. Finally, I want to show how an "abject hero" is built with the legend of Víctor Hugo Viscarra and the influence of his work. This is one of the central tenets of this dissertation because Viscarra became popular and aroused a great deal of interest as a subject of popular culture. In this way, I intend to show how the actual death of Viscarra as "abject hero" makes him a symbol or a myth that society has used to identify a section of the population that was always ignored. His figure is a fundamental influence for the production of different artistic manifestations that show the reality of abjection within marginalized communities. Viscarra’s work inspired and continues to inspire new generations.
Introducción. En la actualidad el uso de acaricidas químicos como los compuestos cetoenólicos muestran alta actividad acaricida, ya que interfiere con la síntesis de lípidos. De igual manera, el ...estudio de nuevas entidades químicas ofrece una alternativa con potencial para el desarrollo de nuevos grupos toxicológicos para el manejo de Tetranychus urticae. Objetivo. Evaluar la mortalidad de nuevas entidades químicas y compuestos cetoenólicos en adultos e inmaduros en T. urticae en condiciones de laboratorio. Métodos. Se realizaron dos ensayos, en uno se usaron dos compuestos cetoenólicos comerciales (Spirodiclofen y Spiromesifen) a dosis recomendadas en etiqueta. Para el caso de los derivados del ácido gálico se diluyeron en una solución de DMSO (dimetilsulfóxido) a una relación de 1:1 (p/v). Esta mezcla se diluyó posteriormente en agua destilada para obtener la mezcla al 0.05% (p/v). Para el ensayo de mortalidad de adultos y ninfas, discos foliares de berenjena (5 cm de diámetro) se sumergieron por cinco segundos en los tratamientos. En los discos tratados se depositaron 15 adultos o ninfas y se registró la mortalidad a las 24 y 48 horas. Resultados y discusión. Los compuestos cetoenólicos comerciales, spirodiclofen y spiromesifen, causaron mortalidad entre el 60 al 100% a las 48 h en adultos y ninfas, mientras que las nuevas entidades químicas causaron una mortalidad mayor al 50% en ninfas a las 48 h. Resultados similares fueron reportados por Wang et al. (2018) y Çobanoğlu y Güldali (2019), quienes mencionan que los compuestos cetoenólicos son eficaces contra T. urticae; por su parte, Mammadova et al. (2023) mencionaron que los compuestos como el ácido gálico tiene potencial como acaricida contra T. urticae. Conclusion. Los compuestos cetoenólicos son efectivos para controlar adultos y ninfas de T. urticae. Las nuevas entidades químicas mostraron efectividad contra ninfas de T. urticae.
We assessed HIV drug resistance (DR) in individuals failing ART (acquired DR, ADR) and in ART-naïve individuals (pre-ART DR, PDR) in Honduras, after 10 years of widespread availability of ART.
365 ...HIV-infected, ART-naïve, and 381 ART-experienced Honduran individuals were enrolled in 5 reference centres in Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula, La Ceiba, and Choluteca between April 2013 and April 2015. Plasma HIV protease-RT sequences were obtained. HIVDR was assessed using the WHO HIVDR mutation list and the Stanford algorithm. Recently infected (RI) individuals were identified using a multi-assay algorithm.
PDR to any ARV drug was 11.5% (95% CI 8.4-15.2%). NNRTI PDR prevalence (8.2%) was higher than NRTI (2.2%) and PI (1.9%, p<0.0001). No significant trends in time were observed when comparing 2013 and 2014, when using a moving average approach along the study period or when comparing individuals with >500 vs. <350 CD4+ T cells/μL. PDR in recently infected individuals was 13.6%, showing no significant difference with PDR in individuals with longstanding infection (10.7%). The most prevalent PDR mutations were M46IL (1.4%), T215 revertants (0.5%), and K103NS (5.5%). The overall ADR prevalence in individuals with <48 months on ART was 87.8% and for the ≥48 months on ART group 81.3%. ADR to three drug families increased in individuals with longer time on ART (p = 0.0343). M184V and K103N were the most frequent ADR mutations. PDR mutation frequency correlated with ADR mutation frequency for PI and NNRTI (p<0.01), but not for NRTI. Clusters of viruses were observed suggesting transmission of HIVDR both from ART-experienced to ART-naïve individuals and between ART-naïve individuals.
The global PDR prevalence in Honduras remains at the intermediate level, after 10 years of widespread availability of ART. Evidence of ADR influencing the presence of PDR was observed by phylogenetic analyses and ADR/PDR mutation frequency correlations.
Pediatric colorectal cancer, comprising just 1% of childhood cancers, has surged among young individuals, underscoring its significant health impact. Diagnostic challenges arise from atypical ...presentation and nonspecific symptoms in 90% of cases, leading to delayed detection in 19%.
Methods
A 2-year retrospective study of pediatric colorectal carcinoma cases was conducted across a specialized surgical pediatric center. Data were gathered, including age, symptoms, diagnostics, treatments, and outcomes.
Results
Six colorectal carcinoma cases (median age, 16) were documented, mainly in males (66%). Predominant histological types included mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma. Metastasis was present in all cases, with symptoms including hematochezia (83%), abdominal pain (100%), weight loss (66%), and anemia (100%). Diagnosis often faced misidentification, fostering disease progression and metastasis. Various diagnostic and treatment modalities were employed, including surgery and neo-adjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy.
Conclusion
Swift detection and intervention for pediatric colorectal carcinoma are pivotal. Efficient diagnostics and heightened awareness among medical professionals and the public are imperative. Early surgical intervention remains a cornerstone, especially for patients with pertinent family histories and characteristic symptoms. Tailored guidelines for pediatric patients are needed to enhance outcomes and survival.
Highlights
• CC is rare but increasing among young individuals.
• CC is often diagnosed late or misdiagnosed due to atypical presentation and nonspecific symptoms.
• Early detection and treatment of CC are crucial for patient survival.
• CC treatment involves surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies.
• Awareness of CC symptoms and risk factors is vital for early detection and management.
PDF
