Background and Aim. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia/MC) contains charantin that has antidiabetic properties as an α-glucosidase inhibitor and antioxidative properties. Lactic acid fermentation ...using Lactobacillus fermentum LLB3 increased its antioxidative properties. The study was aimed to analyse the difference of the treatment that influences blood glucose and SOD level before and after treatment compared to acarbose. Experimental procedure. A total of 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Diabetes type 2 was induced by a single dose (60 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ) and 120 mg/kg of nicotinamide, intraperitoneally. Following three days of STZ induction, the animals were randomly divided into four groups. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were given acarbose 40 mg/100 g feed, MC 10 ml/kg body weight, fermented MC 10 ml/kg body weight, and distilled water, respectively, for 28 days. Glucose and SOD values were measured by spectrophotometer and ELISA, respectively. The difference between pretest and posttest data was analysed using the pair t-test. Data were analysed using ANOVA and Tukey HSD for post hoc analysis. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Results. Fasting glucose and postprandial blood glucose were significantly decreased in groups given MC and fermented MC but not as low as those in the acarbose group (p<0.001). The value of SOD significantly increased in groups given MC and fermented MC but not as high as those in the acarbose groups (p<0.001). Conclusion. Although MC gave significant results in increasing SOD and lowering fasting as well as postprandial blood glucose, fermented MC was better than MC, and acarbose still gave the best results.
Abstract At this time, we have entered the 4th industrial revolution, or what is often called Industry 4.0, where all activities or data can be accessed in real time. Manufacturing companies are ...currently facing Industry 4.0 as a challenge. Manufacturing companies see the concept of Industry 4.0 as very complex which can disrupt the company’s business processes and manufacturing companies also find it difficult to assess their readiness to transform and fail to make strategies and work plans. The purpose of the research is to develop an assessment tool in one part of the industry 4.0 assessment to make it easier for manufacturing companies to assess their company readiness and find out one of the things that must be done to transform to Industry 4.0. This study conducted a scientific study of the existing Industry 4.0 assessment reference standards such as IMPULS from Germany and INDI from Indonesia. Scientific studies looked at and studied the history of the creation of reference standards for the IMPULS and INDI assessments. This study also looks at the correlation between the assessment reference standards and the comparison between IMPULS and INDI. The results of this study see a correlation between each assessment reference standard based on the literature review and develop an assessment tool to assess one part of industry 4.0 assessment.
The decision of Indonesian’s constitutional court in May 2013, to review Law Number 41/1999 on Forestry, marked a significant step forward in Indonesian policy related to recognition of the rights of ...Indigenous people to forest. Under the decision, Indigenous forest is no longer considered State forest and rights to it should be granted to Indigenous communities inhabiting them as long as there is proof of their Indigenous status. However, at the implementation level, special measures are required to ascertain who is truly Indigenous. Bogus claims of indigeneity and rights to land are not uncommon. This paper examines the verification mechanism employed for spatial analysis to assess traditional knowledge and Indigenous law implementation as substantial evidences for Indigenous rights recognition to a forest area. We conducted a case study in the Gunung Lumut Protection Forest with two groups of Indigenous communities living around the forest using image interpretation and spatial analysis supported by socio-economic and cultural analysis. We also assessed the capacity and awareness of Indigenous communities to manage their forest. This case study illustrates that in general Indigenous people apply ancestral norms, beliefs and traditional knowledge and wisdom in managing their livelihoods and daily life. Nonetheless, increasing necessities of life, better accessibility, and socio-cultural assimilation has changed the Indigenous people’s behavior towards nature. Holistic approaches in transferring land rights, effective long-term engagement, and revitalization of Indigenous law in line with formal law enforcement, are among the essential measures that must be conducted systematically to ensure that the Indigenous forest remains and is sustainably managed for the benefit of the Indigenous community and the environment.
The rural population who can hardly afford kerosene and LPG relies heavily on traditional biomass such as fuelwood, charcoal, and crop residues for cooking. The cooking is generally carried out with ...open fire/traditional stoves such as three stones fire which is inefficient biomass combustion, draining natural resources and consuming a lot of time and energy. Moreover, incomplete combustion of biomass produces a lot of smoke that emit concentrated fumes containing carbon monoxide and particulate solid matter, as well as methane, non-methane hydrocarbons, and black carbon aerosols. It poses a health risk to women and children spending hours in a poorly ventilated kitchen. Since 2017, BP2LHK Makassar has been developing KOMBI (Kompor Biomasa), a biomass-fueled stove, a gender friendly technology, aimed to develop improved biomass cook-stoves to provide cleaner and efficient cooking energy solutions in rural and peri-urban/semi-urban areas. Made of galvanized plate and iron materials, KOMBI consists of two main parts namely a combustion tube and an air chamber that holds and channels air from a 12 Volt, 0.2 Ampere of 12x12 cm2 DC fan. For communities around forest areas that have not been reached by the National Electric Company, the use of KOMBI is synergized with the construction of Micro-hydro power or Solar cell. From the results of direct trials in rural communities, KOMBI showed advantages over traditional cooking stoves in terms of: minimalizing smoke, more efficient combustion, shortening cooking time, and reduce biomass usage significantly. Compared to the traditional stoves, KOMBI saves the use of wood in a ratio of 1:10 and speeds up cooking time by a ratio of 1:3. Aside from the amount of wood used, another advantage of KOMBI is that KOMBI can use small size of wood such as tree branches, dried leaves, cacao fruit skin, charcoal briquettes, and even corn cobs. With the calculation of cooking time in the household is an average of 4 hours/day, the cost of electricity consumption for cooking using KOMBI is equivalent to Rp 475,-/month.
The first International Peat Congress (IPC) held in the tropics – in Kuching (Malaysia) – brought together over 1000 international peatland scientists and industrial partners from across the world ...(“International Peat Congress with over 1000 participants!,” 2016). The congress covered all aspects of peatland ecosystems and their management, with a strong focus on the environmental, societal and economic challenges associated with contemporary large-scale agricultural conversion of tropical peat.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Micro-hydropower plants are significant contributors of electricity and clean source of renewable energy. A nationwide or large watershed inventory of potential micro ...hydropower dam sites is lacking, hindering micro-hydropower development. Traditional ground survey approaches for locating micro-hydropower dam sites are expensive, time-consuming, laborious, and vulnerable to inconsistency. Geographic information system frameworks are commonly used, and they provide significant value to hydropower evaluation. A suitability approach for dam site identification is important in supporting the optimization of hydropower utilization in the context of watershed management and in eliminating the inconsistency of conventional approaches. The objective of this study was to identify potential sites for micro-hydropower dams on the basis of various parameters by using a suitability modeling approach based on geographic information system. METHODS: The Saddang Watershed was chosen as the study area, it is located in the South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi Provinces of Indonesia, and it is an example of a large watershed. The analytical hierarchy process was used for criterion weighting and to create a dam suitability index map based on the following criteria: geomorphometry, geology, rainfall, soil texture, and land use land cover. The developed dam suitability index map was validated by comparing it with existing dams by using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The identification of potential micro-hydropower dam sites involved overlay and query methods. It considers dam suitability index, proximity from road and settlement, existence of conservation forest, and the potential hydraulic head. FINDINGS The dam suitability index map with five suitability classes was obtained, with the high and very high suitability indexes extending to 8.7 percent of the study area. These classes were typified by high drainage density, topographic wetness index, stream power index, low vegetation cover, moderate slope, situated on second or higher stream orders, normal temporal distribution of rainfall, and sandy clay loam soil texture with igneous and sedimentary complex rocks. The developed suitability model was sufficiently effective in determining dam suitability index, as indicated by a value greater than 0.9 of the area under the curve. A total of 635 potential dam locations were identified with high and very high suitability indexes, located on first or second stream orders, within a 4,000 m radius of roads and settlements, outside conservation forest areas, and with a potential hydraulic head greater than 20 meter. CONCLUSION: Integrating a dam suitability index map and restriction factors into a geographic information system framework, enabled a robust analysis for identifying potential sites of microhydropower dams. The proposed approach is expected to contribute to the advancement of renewable energy initiatives and water resource management within large watersheds. It is also expected to serve as a valuable resource for policymakers involved in the implementation of microhydropower projects and watershed management to support the achievement of renewable energy development targets.
Abstract
One of community empowerment programs implemented by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry is the construction of a Micro Hydro Power Plant (MHP) for communities around forest areas. One ...of the environmental services provided by forests is hydrological benefit in the form of water source to drive MHP turbines. The existence of the perceived benefit will trigger public awareness to participate in preserving forest functions. Rewards for benefits generated from forests can be manifested through efforts to conserve water resources jointly between the community and the party that manages the area. In this regard, this research is conducted to determine the willingness to pay of MHP users around the North Buton wildlife reserve to maintain the MHP unit and support forest resource conservation activities. This study employes the contingent valuation method (CVM) to calculate the willingness to pay value. The results show that MHP users are willing to pay IDR 2,611.- for each kWh of electric power. The willingness to pay is influenced by the amount of electricity consumption and the amount of income of the respondent. If it is calculated based on the volume of water used, the total willingness to pay for environmental water service is IDR 414.-per 1 liter per second.
Abstract
According to official data from the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), in 2021, flooding was Indonesia’s most frequent and destructive disaster. Thus, better disaster management, ...including early warning systems (EWS) and disaster mitigation based on accurate rainfall data, is essential. This paper was written based on preliminary research on the development of citizen science in Wonosobo and Banjarnegara regencies, Central Java, which aims to develop a very early warning system (VEWS) and community-based rainfall data management. Modified rain gauges are installed in elementary schools in the upstream Serayu watershed. Students, in turn, do data recording. This effort ensures continuity of observation, the introduction of science and technology, and increased literacy about floods and landslides and their mitigation. From the initial research, it can be stated that the integration of the citizen science model into compulsory subjects for elementary school children is very prospective for accelerating students’ understanding of subjects related to natural sciences. A citizen science approach that is carried out correctly is able to produce accurate rainfall data continuously. These two things are enabling factors for the effective and efficient implementation of the VEWS flood disaster in the upstream watershed.
Abstract
Rainfall data is vital in analysing hydro-meteorological disasters, e.g., floods, landslides, or droughts. Currently, the location of climatological stations or rain gauges is preferred in ...areas that require climatological data, such as airports and near settlements. On the other hand, rainfall analysis for disaster mitigation purposes is more for remote areas, which are often far from the nearest rainfall station. This study aims to obtain accurate rainfall data through the placement of suited rain gauge locations and utilising community participation. The method used in this study is a literature review. This preliminary study was held upstream of the Serayu river basin, an area where it is usually challenging to access rainfall data. The references used are information about tropical rain, how to utilise a rain gauge network, and how to take advantage of community participation. The result shows that an Early Warning System should be developed in line with determining the location of the rain gauge because each location has a different rainfall threshold in each disaster. The placement of the rain gauge is strongly influenced by the landscape, the altitude of the place as well as the slope and aspect. For this study, the location of schools in remote areas is another parameter to determine the placement of a rain gauge since school children will be involved in the community participation.
Abstract Efforts to enhance the electrochemical properties of materials have become the focus of numerous studies because these properties are essential in various fields of application. Zeolitic ...imidazole framework-67 (ZIF-67) is a type of metal-organic framework (MOFs) expected to demonstrate excellent performance in electrochemical applications due to its numerous distinct properties. Consequently, various strategies and techniques have been developed to improve the electrochemical performance of ZIF-67. In this study, we employed bimetallic ZIF-67 constructed with cobalt (Co) and copper (Cu) metal ions within the imidazole frameworks. The use of bimetal is expected to increase conductivity and fine-tune the physicochemical properties of ZIF-67. Using coprecipitation methods, we synthesized both single-metal and bimetallic ZIF-67 and compared their characterizations. The addition of Cu metal ions does not alter the materials phase, ensuring compatibility with the single-metal ZIF-67 structure. However, the rhombic dodecahedron morphology of ZIF-67 shifts from a smooth to a concave and rough surface in Co/Cu ZIF-67. Furthermore, Co/Cu ZIF-67 exhibits higher peak current on their cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve by 46.15 µA. The results effectively illustrate the advantages of bimetal on ZIF-67 properties and performance. Finally, this study succesfully briefly demonstrate the potential development of Co/Cu-based ZIF-67 for various electrochemical applications.
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