The nanoencapsulation of botanical compounds (such as geraniol) is an important strategy that can be used to increase the stability and efficiency of these substances in integrated pest management. ...In this study, chitosan/gum arabic nanoparticles containing geraniol were prepared and characterized. In addition, evaluation was made of the biological activity of geraniol encapsulated in chitosan/gum arabic nanoparticles toward whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). The optimized formulation showed a high encapsulation efficiency (>90%) and remained stable for about 120 days. The formulation protected the geraniol against degradation by UV radiation, and the in vitro release was according to a diffusion mechanism that was influenced by temperature. An attraction effect was observed for Bemisia tabaci, indicating the potential of this type of system for use in pest management, especially in trap devices.
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•A fast and simple synthesis of Carbon Dots from lemon bagasse (CD-L)•Chemical, morphological and optical properties for CD-L was investigated.•CD-L revealed significant anti-oxidant ...potential.•A methodology for obtaining carbon dots film (Film-L) was developed.•Film-L has been evaluated as an efficient luminescent thermometer.
The design of luminescent nanomaterials for the development of nanothermometers with high sensitivity and free of potentially toxic metals has developed in several fields, such as optoelectronics, sensors, and bioimaging. In addition, luminescent nanothermometers have advantages related to non-invasive measurement, with their wide detection range and high spatial resolution at the nano/microscale. Our study is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate a detailed study of a fluorescent film (Film-L) thermal sensor based on carbon dots derived from lemon bagasse extract (CD-L). The CD-L properties were explored as an antioxidant agent; their cytotoxicity was evaluated by using a human non-tumoral skin fibroblast (HFF-1) cell line from an MTT assay. The CD-L were characterized by HRTEM, DLS, FTIR, UV–VIS, and fluorescence spectroscopy. These confirmed their particle size distribution below 10 nm, graphitic structure in the core and surface organic groups, and strong blue emission. The CD-L showed cytocompatibility behavior and scavenging potential reactive species of biological importance: O2•− and HOCl, with IC50 of 276.8 ± 4.0 and 21.6 ± 0.7, respectively. The Film-L emission intensities (I425 nm) are temperature-dependent in the 298 to 333 K range. The Film-L luminescent thermometer shows a maximum relative thermal sensitivity of 2.69 % K−1 at 333 K.
The use of adhesives to bond metallic and composite structural components has increased substantially over the last decades. The aim of this work is to understand and predict the behaviour of ...dissimilar adhesive joints, using composite and aluminium substrates, under quasi-static and impact loads. Several testing temperatures (−30 to 80 °C) were considered, following the requirements for the automotive industry. It was possible to conclude that dissimilar adhesive joints, if used in conjunction with modern crash resistant adhesives, can effectively be used for the construction of automotive structures, without significant sacrifices in joint performance, with good energy absorption capabilities under impact.
Aiming to achieve the targets of reduction of fuel consumption and emissions, automotive manufacturers are increasingly using lightweight materials in the vehicle structures, namely, carbon fibre ...composites and aluminium alloys. The construction techniques for vehicle structures using this type of materials differ greatly from the techniques used for the most commonly used steel bodies, with adhesive bonding being extensively used due to its capability to bond dissimilar materials. Nevertheless, the application of adhesive bonding poses several challenges to the automotive industry, as dissimilar bonded joints must be designed to perform well under impact. In this work, numerical models were created and validated against previously determined experimental data in both quasi-static and impact conditions of similar and dissimilar (CFRP and aluminium as substrates) single lap joints bonded using a crash resistant adhesive. Cohesive zone models were used to simulate adhesive failure and composite delamination while damage models were used to simulate plastic deformation and failure of the aluminium alloy, allowing to conclude that it is possible to use dissimilar adhesive joints bonded with a crash resistant adhesive in an automotive structure, not compromising the joints performance.
Considering the high possibility of dentist consult a patient with oral complications of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for oral cancer because of the advances in this area, this study aims to ...systematically review the literature to identify and suggest effective and safe protocols for the managements of oral complications in oncology patients.
The systematic review was designed by PICO and PRISMA including eligibility and exclusion criteria; the source of information and search strategy in PubMed according MeSH: "Mouth Neoplasms and Radiotherapy" and "Mouth Neoplasms and Drug Therapy" the period from 2010 to 2015; selection and data collection of study was carried form blind and independently by two researchers; risk of bias and methodological quality: ensured by the PEDro scale; synthesis of data: of oral complications were evaluated by adapted version of associative direction classification proposed by Costigan and collaborators; and data analysis was performed by the meta-analysis of BioEstat program (5.0) in the included studies.
2,700 articles found, 2,371 were selected after removal of duplicate and elected 40 full-text articles. Of these, only 06 articles were included in the systematic review with exclusion of others, per obtain punctuation ≥ 7 with high methodological quality for synthesis of the managements of oral complications. Since 05 articles were associated with low risk of bias composing the protocols suggestive for managements and the meta-analysis in odds ratio (0.916) to cure and relative risk (1.049) for the development of oral mucositis and pain.
The protocols suggestive for managements of oral mucositis and pain with MuGard - mucoadhesive hydrogel; PerioAid Tratamiento® antiseptic mouthrinse with chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride; Episil® plus benzydamine - bioadhesive oromucosal gel; 0,03% of Triclosan mouthwash Colgate Plax; and Diode Laser Therapy of low-level are safe for oncology patients applied according to adopted clinical parameters.
Purpose
Femoral and tibial footprint coordinates have been well studied in double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, in a single-bundle reconstruction approach, the ...central coordinate of femoral and tibial footprints have not been determined. The purpose of this study was to describe the central point locations of the ACL footprints visualized by three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) images and analysed by the quadrant method.
Methods
Eight cadaveric knees were dissected, and the central points of ACL femoral and tibial footprints were marked and analysed using 3D CT images.
Results
In the present study, the means (and standard deviation) of ACL femoral footprint dimensions were in the ventral–dorsal plane and in the cranial–caudal plane 9.4 ± 0.8 and 15.6 ± 0.9 mm, respectively. In the tibial side, the means of ACL footprint dimensions were in the anterior–posterior and in the medial–lateral 18.5 ± 1.9 and 15.5 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. In the tomographic analyses, the means of femoral central location coordinates in the ventral–dorsal (
y
) and in the cranial–caudal (
x
) axes were 35.3 ± 4.5 and 30.0 ± 1.6 %, respectively. The means of tibial central location coordinates were in the anterior–posterior (
y
) and in the medial–lateral (
x
) axes, respectively: 40.5 ± 5.3 and 50.2 ± 1.3 %, respectively.
Conclusions
These computed tomographic coordinates might help future studies as a reference on ACL single-bundle anatomic reconstruction, with respect to the management of ACL revision surgery or in symptomatic patients after ACL reconstruction. Improvements in three-dimensional image acquisition could facilitate its intraoperative applicability in the coming years.
Consumption rates constitute a fundamental, yet relatively elusive quantity in ecophysiology and ecosystem ecology. Measuring consumption rates of highly mobile animals is often challenging, ...especially in the wild, which makes scientists rely on proxies such as bite rates. However, we still lack a theoretical framework that formally bridges these quantities.
Here we expanded a model based on the Metabolic Theory of Ecology to quantitatively characterise how consumption rates are related to bite rates, and predict how the latter should change with body size, temperature and diet. We test our predictions using mensurative experiments from eight populations of redlip blennies—genus Ophioblennius—across the Atlantic Ocean.
Bite rates scaled with body size according to our theoretical predictions. On the other hand, they increased at a faster‐than‐predicted rate with rising temperatures. This finding might be explained if the energetic content of Ophioblennius spp. diet—which is primarily composed by detritus across all populations—decreases with temperature. Yet, they seem to be consistent with the idea that populations adapted to warmer environments exhibit higher‐than‐expected grazing pressure on primary producers.
Current ocean warming is set to skew body size distributions towards smaller sizes, and our model indicates that the combined effects of smaller sizes and higher temperatures will increase mass‐specific consumption rates, with direct implications for how energy flows through food webs.
Resumo
As taxas de consumo constituem uma quantificação fundamental dentro daecofisiologia e ecologia de ecossistemas. Porém, medir a taxa de consumo deanimais é muitas vezes desafiador, especialmente na natureza, o que faz oscientistas utilizarem quantificações aproximadas, como a taxa de mordidas.Entretanto, ainda carecemos de um arcabouço teórico para conectar essas duasquantificações (taxa de consumo vs. taxa de mordidas).
Neste estudo, nós propomos um modelo baseado na Teoria Metabólica daEcologia para, quantitativamente, caracterizar como as taxas de consumo estãorelacionadas às taxas de mordida e prever como esta última deve mudar com otamanho corporal dos indivíduos, temperatura do ambiente e dieta. Testamosnossas previsões usando dados observacionais de oito populações de peixesrecifais, do gênero Ophioblennius, distribuídas no Oceano Atlântico.
Nós descobrimos que a taxa de mordidas está inversamente relacionada como tamanho corporal dos indivíduos de acordo com nossa previsão teórica. Poroutro lado, essas taxas foram mais acentuadas do que prevíamos, com o aumentodas temperaturas. Este resultado pode ser explicado caso o conteúdo energéticoda dieta de Ophioblennius spp. —quefoi composto principalmente por detritos em todas as populações—diminua com atemperatura do ambiente. Entretanto, os resultados parecem ser consistentes coma ideia de que populações adaptadas a ambientes mais quentes exibem uma maiorpressão alimentar, do que o esperado, sobre os produtores primários..
Sabemos que o atual cenário de aquecimento do oceano afeta o tamanhocorporal dos organismos levando a tamanhos menores, e nosso modelo indica queos efeitos combinados de tamanhos corporais menores e temperaturas da água maisaltas, aumentará as taxas de consumo, com implicações diretas em como a energiaflui através de teias alimentares.
A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
The Role of Plant Latex in Virus Biology Merchán-Gaitán, Julia B; Mendes, João H L; Nunes, Lucas E C ...
Viruses,
12/2023, Letnik:
16, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
At least 20,000 plant species produce latex, a capacity that appears to have evolved independently on numerous occasions. With a few exceptions, latex is stored under pressure in specialized cells ...known as laticifers and is exuded upon injury, leading to the assumption that it has a role in securing the plant after mechanical injury. In addition, a defensive effect against insect herbivores and fungal infections has been well established. Latex also appears to have effects on viruses, and laticifers are a hostile environment for virus colonization. Only one example of successful colonization has been reported: papaya meleira virus (PMeV) and papaya meleira virus
(PMeV2) in
. In this review, a summary of studies that support both the pro- and anti-viral effects of plant latex compounds is provided. The latex components represent a promising natural source for the discovery of new pro- and anti-viral molecules in the fields of agriculture and medicine.
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