A version of the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) v3.1, refined on the basis of recent chamber evaluations, has been incorporated into a Photochemical Trajectory Model (PTM) and applied to the ...simulation of boundary layer photochemistry in the Portuguese west coast region. Comparison of modelled concentrations of ozone and a number of other species (NO
x
and selected hydrocarbons and organic oxygenates) was carried out, using data from three connected sites on two case study days when well-defined sea breeze conditions were established. The ozone concentrations obtained through the application of the PTM are a good approximation to the measured values, the average difference being ca. 15%, indicating that the model was acceptable for evaluation of the details of the chemical processing. The detailed chemistry is examined, allowing conclusions to be drawn concerning chemical interferences in the measurements of NO
2, and in relation to the sensitivity of ozone formation to changes in ambient temperature. Three important, and comparable, contributions to the temperature sensitivity are identified and quantified, namely (i) an effect of increasing biogenic emissions with temperature; (ii) an effect of increasing ambient water vapour concentration with temperature, and its influence on radical production; and (iii) an increase in VOC oxidation chain lengths resulting from the temperature-dependence of the kinetic parameters, particularly in relation to the stability of PAN and its higher analogues. The sensitivity of the simulations to the refinements implemented into MCM v3.1 are also presented and discussed.
This article addresses the comorbidity of depression and alcoholism, including an overview of the epidemiologic evidence available, reasons for the association between depression and alcoholism, and ...basic mechanisms common to both disorders. Practical evidence and experience-based advice on the management of these patients also are provided.
Objective To evaluate glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the parametrium, paraurethral tissue and vaginal apex in postmenopausal women with uterine prolapse and to evaluate the effect of 30-day estrogen ...therapy in these patients.
Material and methods Double-blind trial of estrogen and placebo in 40 women with a control group of 20 premenopausal women without uterine prolapse. Twenty postmenopausal women with prolapse formed a second group and were treated with placebo for 30 days before vaginal hysterectomy. The third group included 20 postmenopausal women with prolapse who received 0.625 mg oral conjugated estrogens for 30 days before vaginal hysterectomy. Samples of the parametrium, vaginal apex and paraurethral tissue were obtained during surgery.
Results Hyaluronic acid was the predominant GAG detected, followed by dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate. In postmenopausal women with prolapse, we did not observe significant differences in total GAGs compared to the control group. However, hyaluronic acid was increased in the parametrium of women receiving estrogen compared to those treated with the placebo (2033.39 ± 3037.90 mg/g vs. 587.87 ± 697.89 mg/g, respectively; p == 0.041).
Conclusions There are differences in GAGs in the parametrium, paraurethral tissue and vaginal apex between women in premenopause and those in the postmenopause period. Therefore, 30-day estrogen therapy produces significant differences in levels of hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate.
Liver abscess in terminal neoplastic disease João, A.A.; Rocha, R.; Pignatelli, N. ...
International journal of surgery (London, England),
July 2018, Letnik:
55
Journal Article
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Two known lanthanide complexes, KLa(HL1)2{(CH3)2NCHO}2(H2O)3 (1) and Sm(H2O)9(E-H2L2)3·2H2O (2), (KH2L1 = potassium ...3-(2-(2,4-dioxopentan-3-ylidene)hydrazinyl)-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonate, KH2L2 = potassium (E,Z)-5-chloro-3-(2-(1,3-dioxo-1-phenylbutan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl)-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonate), have been prepared and tested as catalysts in the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides in the presence and absence of co-catalysts (tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBACl), tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) and tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI)). Complex 1 was found to be the most efficient catalyst in the presence of TBABr, with conversions up to 97 %, at 40 °C, of the epoxides to the corresponding cyclic carbonates. The catalytic activity of 1 is dependent on the nature of the substrate, ranging from 23 to 97 %.
There are few systematic studies of the school-aged offspring of drug-dependent patients, although this information is useful for planning evidence-based prevention programs. We have completed such a ...study, which we compare to a similar study independently conducted in 1998. In both studies, both the parent and offspring were assessed blindly and independently by direct diagnostic interviews, and parental assessment of offspring was also obtained. The similarity in design and methods between studies provided an opportunity for replication by reanalysis of data. The major findings are a replication in two independently conducted studies of school-aged offspring of opiate- and or cocaine-addicted mothers of the high rates of any psychiatric disorder (60% in both studies), major depression (20%, 26%), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (18%, 23%), conduct disorder (17%, 9%), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (13%, 8%), and substance abuse (5%, 10%) among offspring. Both studies also found high rates of comorbid alcohol abuse, depression, and multiple drugs of abuse in the mothers. We conclude that efforts to replicate findings by analyses of independently conducted studies are an inexpensive way to test the sturdiness of findings that can provide the empirical basis for preventive efforts. Clinically, the data in both studies suggest that both drug dependence and associated psychopathology should be assessed and treated in opiate addicts with young offspring, and the offspring should be monitored for the development of conduct and mood disorders and substance use.
This study evaluated Trypanosoma cruzi parasitemia in persons with chronic Chagas disease, compared the parasitemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive and –negative subjects, and, for ...HIV-positive subjects, analyzed the association between parasitemia and occurrence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–defining illnesses, CD4 cell counts, HIV loads, and antiretroviral therapy. In total, 110 adults with chronic Chagas disease (29 HIV positive, 81 HIV negative) were studied. T. cruzi parasitemia was evaluated by xenodiagnosis, blood culture, and direct microscopic examination of blood. T. cruzi parasitemia was detected significantly more frequently in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative subjects (odds ratio, 12.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.7–41.2). HIV-positive patients also had higher levels of parasitemia. No statistically significant association was seen between parasitemia and the variables of interest among the HIV-positive subjects
Objective: To clarify the genotype–phenotype correlation and elucidate the role of digenic inheritance in cystinuria. Methods: 164 probands from the International Cystinuria Consortium were screened ...for mutations in SLC3A1 (type A) and SLC7A9 (type B) and classified on the basis of urine excretion of cystine and dibasic amino acids by obligate heterozygotes into 37 type I (silent heterozygotes), 46 type non-I (hyperexcretor heterozygotes), 14 mixed, and 67 untyped probands. Results: Mutations were identified in 97% of the probands, representing 282 alleles (86.8%). Forty new mutations were identified: 24 in SLC3A1 and 16 in SLC7A9. Type A heterozygotes showed phenotype I, but mutation DupE5-E9 showed phenotype non-I in some heterozygotes. Type B heterozygotes showed phenotype non-I, with the exception of 10 type B mutations which showed phenotype I in some heterozygotes. Thus most type I probands carried type A mutations and all type non-I probands carried type B mutations. Types B and A mutations contributed to mixed type, BB being the most representative genotype. Two mixed cystinuria families transmitted mutations in both genes: double compound heterozygotes (type AB) had greater aminoaciduria than single heterozygotes in their family. Conclusions: Digenic inheritance is an exception (two of 164 families), with a limited contribution to the aminoaciduria values (partial phenotype) in cystinuria. Further mutational analysis could focus on one of the two genes (SLC3A1 preferentially for type I and SLC7A9 for type non-I probands), while for mixed probands analysis of both genes might be required, with priority given to SLC7A9.
The van der Waals force is calculated between the atomic force microscope tip modelled by a truncated pyramid with a spherical apex and a plane plate. The force–distance relation obtained is verified ...experimentally. Microscopic images of the tip in use show the good agreement with the proposed theoretical model. The root mean square deviation between the calculated and observed forces is less than 10% at the smallest tip–sample distance.
The aim was to evaluate the effects of feeding â-carotene and vitamins on reproduction performance of grazing multiparous beef cows. The experiment was conducted in two Brazilian farms (Sidrolandia ...and Rio Brilhante, MS) during the spring/summer reproduction season. A total of 487 multiparous suckled Nellore cows (Bos indicus) were maintained in 3 paddocks (Brachiaria brizantha) within each farm. Animals were homogeneously assigned into groups according the calving date (25.7 ± 6.3 days postpartum), BCS (2.79 ± 0.5) and â-carotene blood concentration (3.83 ± 0.9 mg/L) to receive treatments for 90 days (30 before and 60 after AI): Control (mineral supplement, n=159); Treatment 1 (mineral supplement with 300 mg â-carotene, 43.000 IU vitamin A, 6.250 IU vitamin D3, 300 mg vitamin E and 12.5 mg biotin/cow/day; n=163); Treatment 2 (mineral supplement with 500 mg â-carotene, 70.000 IU vitamin A, 10.000 IU vitamin D3, 500 mg vitamin E and 20 mg biotin/cow/day; n=165). The supplements were provided by DSM Produtos Nutricionais Brasil S.A. and daily offered in collective feeders. Cows were rotated through the paddocks every 15 days to avoid effects of pasture availability and quantity and synchronized using an estradiol/progesterone based FTAI protocol: D0 - progesterone device and 2.0 mg estradiol benzoate; D9 - 0.530 PFG2α analogue, 300 IU eCG, 1.0 mg estradiol cypionate and progesterone device withdrawal; D11 - FTAI. Pregnancy data were analyzed with orthogonal contrast of PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (Control vs. Treatments 1 + 2). The conception rate at FTAI tended to be greater (P=0.09) in cows supplemented with â-carotene and vitamins (63.4%; 208/328) compared to control group (57.2%; 91/159). No difference was observed between Treatments 1 and 2 (63.8%; 104/163 vs. 63.0%; 104/165 P=0.41). Feeding grazing multiparous Nellore cows with â-carotene and vitamins A, D, E and biotin can increase conception rate at FTAI by 10.8%.
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