Purpose To establish the long term benefit of oral idebenone 900mg/day in the treatment of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON).
Methods Patients who participated in a 24‐week, multi‐centre (3 ...sites), double‐masked, randomized, placebo controlled trial (RHODOS) were re‐assessed at a single visit by means of Visual Acuity (VA) using ETDRS charts.
Results Eighty‐five patients were enrolled in the RHODOS study: 55 treated with idebenone (900mg/day) and 30 with placebo. At the end of the 24 week treatment period, the VA for patients randomized to placebo deteriorated. In contrast, in patients treated with 900mg/day idebenone, VA was preserved. In addition, in severely affected patients with off‐chart vision at Baseline, only idebenone treated patients improved sufficiently to read at least 1 full line on the ETDRS chart (Klopstock et al., 2011). VA was repeated at a follow‐up visit conducted 2.5 years (median) after treatment discontinuation. The difference in VA between placebo and idebenone treated patients was maintained. Specifically, in patients who during RHODOS received idebenone and who on average were protected from vision loss, VA did not deteriorate upon discontinuation of treatment.
Conclusion These findings support the original conclusion that in selected patients with LHON, idebenone has significant therapeutic potential in preventing further vision loss and facilitating vision recovery.
Commercial interest
Plant chemicals and nutrients abound in different parts of plants and in different compositions. P. vulgaris (kidney beans) is a nourishing leguminous food commonly eaten by both human beings and ...animals in the world due to its health benefits and risk reduction of diseases. It is however, indispensible for plants’ food stuff to retain their phytonutrients for maximum benefits. This study therefore investigated the effect of heat on the phytochemicals and proximate contents in cooked P. vulgaris (kidney beans). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis and proximate (nutrient contents) analysis were determined on fresh kidney bean (FKB) and cooked kidney bean (CKB). Results of phytochemical quantification revealed a significant (p˂0.05) increase of alkaloids and saponins in FKB than those in CKB, significant (p˂0.05) increase of flavonoids, glycosides and tannins in CKB than those in FKB. While proximate analysis of cooked sample (CKB) showed significant (p˂0.05) increase in protein content, crude ash content and carbohydrate content FKB. While moisture content, crude fibre and crude fat of FKB were significantly (p˂0.05) higher than those in CKB of Phaseolus vulgaris. Obviously, the increased concentrations of phytochemicals in fresh Phaseolus vulgaris may be due to the absence of heat action and the heating effect on cooked P. vulgaris could unleash the high rich nutrients value and could supply its antioxidants roles, thereby improving healthy life when eaten cooked.
Peer Review History:
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.
Received file
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Name: Prof. Dr. Hüsniye Kayalar
Affiliation: Ege University, Turkey
E-mail: husniyekayalar@gmail.com
Name: Dr. Mohamed Said Fathy Al-Refaey
Affiliation: University of Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt
E-mail: Mohamed.said@fop.usc.edu.eg
Name: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel
Affiliation: Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
E-mail: gehankandeel9@yahoo.com
Comments of reviewer(s):
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PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL EVALUATIONS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF COCOS NUCIFERA (L.) LEAVES
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC OF PRUNUS DULCIS (ALMOND) MEDICINAL PLANT LEAVES USED IN FOLK MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF WOUNDS AND BURNS IN HUFASH DISTRICT AL MAHWEET GOVERNORATE–YEMEN
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-DIABETIC POTENTIALS OF PERSEA AMERICANA MILL. (LAURACEAE) FRUIT EXTRACT
CYTOTOXIC EFFECT AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF PETROLEUM ETHER EXTRACT OF TILIA CORDATA MILL
Objective: Phaseolus vulgaris, like other beans, is endowed with rich nutritional contents. This study evaluated the effects of raw and cooked aqueous and methanol extracts of P. vulgaris on renal ...function in albino Wistar rats.
Methods: Oral acute toxicity (LD50) study of both extracts was conducted in two phases. In the main design, a total 36 Wistar albino rats were used and divided into nine groups of four rats and oral administration lasted for 7 days. Group 1 served as control and 2 – 9 treated groups. Groups 2 and 3; 4 and 5 were administered aqueous extracts while groups 6 and 7; 8 and 9 were administered methanol extracts of 350mg/kg and 550mg/kg body weight raw and cooked P. vulgaris respectively.
Results: Results of LD50 of all extracts were greater than 5000mg/kg. Results showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in concentrations of urea and chloride across test groups administered aqueous extracts, than methanol extracts; a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum creatinine in test groups administered methanol extracts; a significant (P<0.05) increase of serum total protein of test groups compared to control; no significant (P<0.05) difference in the concentration of potassium in test groups administered compared to control group.
Conclusion: It may be concluded that P. vulgaris portrays potentials capable of improving renal function and its consumption may contribute to the wellness of a person due to its rich nutrients, and based on the duration of this work and standard scale of toxicity; the extracts are practically non- toxic since the LD50 was greater than 5000mg/kg.
Peer Review History:
Received 7 June 2020; Revised 25 June; Accepted 3 July, Available online 15 July 2020
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.
Received file
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Name: Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf
Affiliation: Sana'a university, Yemen
E-mail: alialkaf21@gmail.com
Name: Ahmad Najib
Affiliation: Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
E-mail: ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id
Comments of reviewer(s):
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ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF BAPHIA NITIDA
EVALUATION OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF EUPHORBIA NERIIFOLIA STEM BARK ON BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS, SERUM AND TISSUE LIPIDS IN A PRECLINICAL MODEL
ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF GONGRONEMA LATIFOLIUM
Plant chemicals abound in different parts of plants, in different compositions. Thus, the comparative screening of the leaf, stem-bark and root of Azadirachta Indica becomes imperative. The presence ...of nine phytochemicals which include; Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Glycosides, Phenols, Steroids, Tannins, Reducing sugars and Anthraquinones, and the quantity of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and glycoside in the leaf, stem-bark and root of Azadirachta indica were investigated. The plant parts were collected from a plantation grown in Okpotegu Echara, Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Plant samples were air dried at room temperature, ground into uniform powder, sieved, bottled and labeled, ready for physico – chemical analysis. Results of the investigation revealed that anthraquinones were beyond detection limits in all the plant parts tested in both ethanol and aqueous extracts. Alkaloids were not detectable in leaf, stem-bark and root samples of aqueous extract. Glycosides were not detectable in leaf sample of ethanol and aqueous extracts. Quantitatively, the phytochemical compositions of each part showed higher concentrations of Alkaloids in the leaf, stem-bark and root (11.63%, 4.93% and 3.79%), compared to flavonoids (2.19%, 2.72% and 0.92%), saponins (0.70%, 1.12% and 0.44%), tannins (0.33 mg/100, 0.50mg/100 and 0.17mg/100) and glycosides (0.23%, 0.27% and 0.19%), respectively. Obviously, except for the higher percentage (11.63%) of alkaloids in the leaf, the phytochemicals in the stem-bark are higher as shown by the results, which could support the reason that the bark is preferably chewed commonly together with the stem as chew stick for its germicidal and antifungal action.
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•Exposure of rats to CdCl2 led to hepatic dysfunction and dyslipidemia.•CdCl2 caused abnormal rapid weight reduction in rats.•Hesperidin abrogated dyslipidemia in rats exposed to ...CdCl2.•Hesperidin had hepatoprotective effect in rats against CdCl2 toxicity.
The ever-increasing human population with attendant industrialization poses serious global health challenge. Cadmium (Cd) with other heavy metals contribute greatly to environmental pollutions and humans are daily exposed to them, leading to diverse ailments. We explored whether Hesperidin (HSP) could protect against hepatic damage and dyslipidemia in Wistar rats exposed to Cd. Forty wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 8). Group 1 received 2 mL/kg body weight of normal saline; Group 2 received 100 mg/kg body weight of HSP while Group 3 received 5 mg/kg body weight of Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2) for 28 days. Group 4 received 100 mg/kg body weight of HSP and after 90 min, CdCl2 (5 mg/kg) body weight was administered for 28 days. Group 5 received 50 mg/kg body weight of HSP and after 90 min, CdCl2 (5 mg/kg) body weight was administered for 28 days. The serum lipid profiles, hepatic dysfunction and oxidative stress markers were determined using standard methods. Cd toxicity in rats prominently elevated serum activities of AST, ALT, ALP and levels of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholesterol, LDL-C and malondialdehyde with decreased levels of HDL-C, triglycerides, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and body weights. The pre-treatment of HSP before Cd intoxication prevented the dysregulated activities of liver enzymes and levels of lipid profiles, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and other biomarkers investigated, thus suggesting anti-hyperlipidemic and hepato-protective potentials. HSP may have great potentials for development of therapeutics that could enhance the management of dyslipidemia and liver disorders associated with heavy metal exposure.
Research findings that suggest beneficial health effects of dietary supplementation with virgin coconut oil (VCO) are limited in the published literature. This study investigated the in vivo effects ...of a 5-week VCO-supplemented diet on lipid profile, hepatic antioxidant status, hepatorenal function, and cardiovascular risk indices in normal rats. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1 control and 2 treatment groups (10% and 15% VCO-supplemented diets) for 5 weeks. Serum and homogenate samples were used to analyze lipid profile, hepatorenal function markers, hepatic activities of antioxidant enzymes, and malondialdehyde level. Lipid profile of animals fed VCO diets showed significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level increased significantly (p < .05) compared to control; and there were beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk indices. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation marker, remarkably reduced and activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-were markedly increased in VCO diet-fed rats. The VCO diet significantly modulated creatinine, sodium (Na
+
), potassium (K
+
), chloride (Cl
−
), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) compared to control. The findings suggest a beneficial effect of VCO on lipid profile, renal status, hepatic antioxidant defense system, and cardiovascular risk indices in rats.
To determine the prevalence of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes among extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae of clinical origin.
Exactly 276 isolates ...were obtained from patients who met the definition of wound and urinary tract infection between December 2016 and November 2017. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The phenotypic identification of beta-lactamase and ESBL were confirmed by nitrocefin sticks, DDST and chromogenic brilliant ESBL agar. Phenotypically positive ESBL isolates were molecularly characterized for the presence of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes by PCR. The PCR products of 16S rRNA region of the isolates were sequenced. Nucleotide sequences of the isolates were deposited in the GenBank of the NCBI database, assigned accession numbers and phylogenetic tree of the isolates was constructed.
The prevalence frequency of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 68.2% and 31.8% respectively. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility test showed that most of isolates were highly susceptible to cefepime (85.7%). The frequency of resistance to other antibiotics varied from 23.8% to 82.6%. A total of 89 isolates were beta-lactamase producers while 20 isolates 15 (75%) E. coli and 5 (25%) K. pneumonia harboured ESBL genes. The prevalence of blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genotypes was identified to be 55%, 35% and 45% respectively. Isolates were also observed to harbour ESBL genes.
ESBL-producing isolates in our study were molecularly confirmed to harbour multiple ESBL genes. Furthermore, continuous surveillance and routine clinical detection of ESBL-producing organisms are necessary to curtail public health problems in clinical settings.
•ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli are highly prevalent in Abakaliki.•ESBL-producing clinical isolates of in this study harboured multiple ESBL genes.•The most prevalent ESBL genotype among the isolates was blaCTX-M and blaTEM group.
In this study, we reported the effect of an online business coaching intervention based on the rational-emotive and cognitive behavior therapy coaching (RE-CBT coaching) approach that was tested to ...determine if it can improve college students’ financial risk tolerance and attitudes towards financial risk. The researchers used an open label, group randomized control design. During the study, fifty-four participants were part of the online business coaching group, whereas fifty-three participants were part of the control group. Prior to and immediately after the coaching program, as well as three months later, quantitative data was collected. Posttest data based on test of between-subjects effects revealed that online business coaching program based on RE-CBT coaching approach was significantly helpful in the improvement of students’ financial risk tolerance and attitudes toward financial risk compared to control group. Follow-up data based on test of between-subjects effects further revealed that the significantly helpful effects of online business coaching program based on RE-CBT coaching approach on students’ financial risk tolerance and attitudes toward financial risk were sustained when compared to control group. According to the findings, online business coaching based on RE-CBT coaching approach has the potential to enhance the financial risk tolerance and attitudes toward financial risk among college students.
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