Epidemiologic and cancer control studies on the association of periodontal disease and cancer risk mostly suggest a positive association with overall cancer risk and certain specific types of cancer. ...These findings are generally consistent among cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies. In this paper, we review epidemiologic studies and current knowledge on periodontal disease and cancer, with a focus on those studies conducted in the years following the Joint European Federation of Periodontology/American Academy of Periodontology Workshop on “Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases” in November 2012. This review also explores the role of chronic inflammation as a biologically plausible mechanistic link between periodontal disease and risk of cancer. Furthermore, it highlights studies that have examined the potential importance of certain periodontal pathogens in this association.
Periodontal pathogens have been isolated from precancerous and cancerous lesions and also shown to promote a procarcinogenic microenvironment. Few studies have examined periodontal disease as a risk ...factor for total cancer, and none have focused on older women. We examined whether periodontal disease is associated with incident cancer among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.
Our prospective cohort study comprised 65,869 women, ages 54 to 86 years. Periodontal disease information was obtained via self-report questionnaires administered between 1999 and 2003, whereas ascertainment of cancer outcomes occurred through September 2013, with a maximum follow-up period of 15 years. Physician-adjudicated incident total cancers were the main outcomes and site-specific cancers were secondary outcomes. HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. All analyses were conducted two-sided.
During a mean follow-up of 8.32 years, 7,149 cancers were identified. Periodontal disease history was associated with increased total cancer risk (multivariable-adjusted HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08-1.20); findings were similar in analyses limited to 34,097 never-smokers (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.22). Associations were observed for breast (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.23), lung (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.14-1.51), esophagus (HR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.64-6.53), gallbladder (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.01-2.95), and melanoma skin (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02-1.48) cancers. Stomach cancer was borderline (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 0.94-2.67).
Periodontal disease increases risk of total cancer among older women, irrespective of smoking, and certain anatomic sites appear to be vulnerable.
Our findings support the need for further understanding of the effect of periodontal disease on cancer outcomes.
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Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate the presence and prevalence of
BRAF
V600E mutation in ameloblastomas using anti-BRAF V600E monoclonal antibody (VE1 clone) and to identify any ...clinicopathologic correlation with
BRAF
V600E mutation in ameloblastoma.
Materials and methods
The pathology files of the Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria, were searched for the diagnosis of ameloblastoma from 2016 to 2020. Archived non-decalcified formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue underwent immunohistochemistry using anti-BRAF V600E antibody at the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Clinicopathologic data such as age at diagnosis, gender, jaw bone involved (mandible or maxilla), tumor location (anterior or posterior) and histologic subtype were collected. The clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed using Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test according to the BRAF status.
Results
Forty-four cases of ameloblastoma were retrieved. The male to female ratio was 1.32:1. The average age of patients at diagnosis was 33.3 years. Thirty-nine cases were located in the mandible and 5 cases in the maxilla. Only cases in the mandible were positive for anti-BRAF V600E antibody (
n
= 15/39; 38.5%). There was a significant correlation between BRAF V600E expression in mandibular tumors and histologic subtype (
p
= 0.02); however, no significance was observed for gender, age and tumor location.
Conclusion
BRAF
V600E mutation preferentially occurs in mandibular ameloblastomas, especially in non-plexiform ameloblastomas. These patients may benefit therapeutically from the use of BRAF inhibitors.
Objectives
The primary aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate thermal damage and cutting efficiency of micro and super pulsed diode lasers. The secondary aim was to suggest a guideline to perform ...simple surgical excisions adequate for histopathological evaluation.
Material and Methods
Ten groups of 10 specimens of pig tongues were excised using a blade (G1), a micro pulsed (G2–G9), and a super pulsed diode (G10) lasers. Different output power, pulse duration, pulse interval, and duty cycle were tested. Quantitative measures of thermal damage and excision times were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of 5%.
Results
The control group (G1) presented no thermal damage. Within the laser groups (G2–G10), no statistically significant differences in depth of thermal damage (µm) were noted. G3 showed significantly less area of thermal damage (mm2) when compared with G7 and G9 (p < .05). The median excision time of the control group and super pulsed diode laser group were significantly lower (p < .001) than the micro pulsed diode laser groups.
Conclusions
The cutting efficiency of the super pulsed diode laser is comparable to traditional blade, and with appropriate parameters, these lasers can produce predictable surgical outcomes with less collateral damage.
Renal cell carcinoma metastasis to the oral cavity is rare. Significantly, the oral lesion in this case was the first indication of a malignant disease in the patient. This case underscores the ...importance of detailed history taking, interpretation of clinical finding, and high index of suspicion for metastatic disease to the oral cavity.
Renal cell carcinoma metastasis to the oral cavity is rare. Significantly, the oral lesion in this case was the first indication of a malignant disease in the patient. This case underscores the importance of detailed history taking, interpretation of clinical finding, and high index of suspicion for metastatic disease to the oral cavity.
Periodontal disease has been consistently associated with chronic disease; there are no large studies of breast cancer, although oral-associated microbes are present in breast tumors.
In the Women's ...Health Initiative Observational Study, a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women, 73,737 women without previous breast cancer were followed. Incident, primary, invasive breast tumors were verified by physician adjudication. Periodontal disease was by self-report. HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards, adjusted for breast cancer risk factors. Because the oral microbiome of those with periodontal disease differs with smoking status, we examined associations stratified by smoking.
2,124 incident, invasive breast cancer cases were identified after mean follow-up of 6.7 years. Periodontal disease, reported by 26.1% of women, was associated with increased breast cancer risk (HR 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.26), particularly among former smokers who quit within 20 years (HR 1.36; 95% CI, 1.05-1.77). Among current smokers, the trend was similar (HR 1.32; 95% CI, 0.83-2.11); there were few cases (n = 74) and the CI included the null. The population attributable fraction was 12.06% (95% CI, 1.12-21.79) and 10.90% (95% CI, 10.31-28.94) for periodontal disease among former smokers quitting within 20 years and current smokers, respectively.
Periodontal disease, a common chronic inflammatory disorder, was associated with increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, particularly among former smokers who quit in the past 20 years.
Understanding a possible role of the oral microbiome in breast carcinogenesis could impact prevention.
Purpose: While some evidence suggests that periodontal disease (PD) might be positively associated with lung cancer, prospective studies in women are limited. Previous findings may reflect residual ...confounding by smoking. The study aims to determine whether history of PD diagnosis is associated with incident lung cancer in a large cohort of postmenopausal women. Methods: Prospective analyses were conducted in a cohort of 77,485 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. History of PD (prevalence of 26.1 %) was self-reported, and 754 incident lung cancer cases occurred during an average 6.8 (SD ± 2.6) years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Overall, PD was positively associated with lung cancer risk after adjusting for detailed smoking history including smoking status and pack-years of smoking (HR 1.24, 95 % CI 1.07–1.45). There was a positive additive interaction between PD with pack-years of smoking (p = 0.02), suggesting a potential synergistic effect between PD and smoking intensity on lung cancer. The association between PD and lung cancer was stronger in former smokers. When restricted to never-smokers, PD was not associated with lung cancer (HR 1.02, 95 % CI 0.68–1.53). Conclusions: Periodontal disease was not independently associated with lung cancer in non-smoking postmenopausal women. However, smoking and PD jointly increased lung cancer risk beyond that expected from the sum of the each effect separately. The potential synergism between PD and smoking on lung cancer warrants further examination.
Candidiasis is a common infection in humans and one of the more common oral alterations in the pediatric population. The incidence of candidiasis in this population is highest in neonates, with 8.7% ...experiencing the infection. Children up to 12 months of age experience candidiasis at a frequency of 2-5%, while the pediatric population in general has an incidence of 0.8-3.7%. The most easily recognizable form is pseudomembranous candidiasis, which presents as non-adherent, white, plaque-like lesions. Erythematous candidiasis has a variety of presentations; lesions are typically asymptomatic and chronic. Treatment options vary based on the child's preference of medication type (oral suspension, lozenges, or tablet). We present a case of cheilocandidiasis in a 20 month old patient and review the best practices for treatment and follow-up when candidiasis is encountered in a pediatric patient.
The application of virtual microscopy (VM) to research, pre-doctoral medical and dental educational training, and diagnostic surgical and anatomic pathology is well-documented but its application to ...the field of oral and maxillofacial pathology has not been explored. This is the first study to evaluate the enthusiasm and readiness of US-/Canada-based oral and maxillofacial pathology (OMFP) residents toward employing VM use over conventional microscopy (CM) for diagnostic purposes.
All 46 current US-/Canada-based OMFP residents were invited to participate in an anonymous electronic survey via 'Survey Monkey' in 2015. The survey comprised sixteen multiple choice questions and two 'free text' questions.
14% of respondents of the 22 (48%) respondents who completed the survey indicated a willingness to substitute CM with VM in <5 years, and 33% within 10 years. 52% reported they would never substitute CM with VM. Approximately 10 and 57% of respondents thought VM will become an acceptable sole diagnostic tool in most centers within 5 and 10 years, respectively. These findings are irrespective of the fact that overall, 90% of respondents reported being familiar with VM use.
VM technology is unlikely to substitute CM in diagnostic oral and maxillofacial histopathology practice among future OMFP practitioners in the foreseeable future.
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