Successful diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) by immunohistochemistry is largely dependent on the successful demonstration of cyclin D1 overexpression in cases that fit clinical, morphologic, ...and immunophenotypical profiles. Accurate diagnosis in these cases is important due to the aggressive progression and poor survival times associated with this type of lymphoma. However, demonstration of cyclin D1 by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue is often fraught with technical difficulties, chiefly poor staining intensity largely due to insufficient antigen retrieval. The authors report a simple antigen retrieval technique that combines both heat and enzymatic treatment to demonstrate cyclin D1 overexpression. Furthermore, it appears that the antigen retrieval method is the key factor in the demonstration of cyclin D1, as detection systems with differing sensitivities (labeled streptavidin biotin ABC and dextran polymeric conjugate Envision) fail to demonstrate any significant differences in their staining intensities. This isa simple, cost-effective method that can be performed manually or can easily be adapted to suit automated staining systems.
Background Stage I twin-twin transfusion syndrome presents a management dilemma. Intervention may lead to procedure-related complications while expectant management risks deterioration. Insufficient ...data exist to inform decision-making. Objective The aim of this retrospective observational study was to describe the natural history of stage I twin-twin transfusion syndrome, to assess for predictors of disease behavior, and to compare pregnancy outcomes after intervention at stage I vs expectant management. Study Design Ten North American Fetal Therapy Network centers submitted well-documented cases of stage I twin-twin transfusion syndrome for analysis. Cases were retrospectively divided into 3 management strategies: those managed expectantly, those who underwent amnioreduction at stage I, and those who underwent laser therapy at stage I. Outcomes were categorized as no survivors, 1 survivor, 2 survivors, or at least 1 survivor to live birth, and good (twin live birth ≥30.0 weeks), mixed (single fetal demise or delivery between 26.0-29.9 weeks), and poor (double fetal demise or delivery <26.0 weeks) pregnancy outcomes. Outcomes were analyzed by initial management strategy. Results A total of 124 cases of stage I twin-twin transfusion syndrome were studied. In all, 49 (40%) cases were managed expectantly while 30 (24%) underwent amnioreduction and 45 (36%) underwent laser therapy at stage I. The overall fetal mortality rate was 20.2% (50 of 248 fetuses). Of those managed expectantly, 11 patients regressed (22%), 4 remained stage I (8%), 29 advanced in stage (60%), and 5 experienced spontaneous previable preterm birth (10%) during observation. The mean number of days from diagnosis of stage I to a change in status (progression, regression, loss, or delivery) was 11.1 (SD 14.3) days. Intervention by amniocentesis or laser therapy was associated with a lower risk of fetal loss ( P = .01) than expectant management. The unadjusted odds of poor outcome were 0.33 (95% confidence interval, 0.09–01.20), for amnioreduction and 0.26 (95% confidence interval, 0.09–0.77) for laser therapy vs expectant management. Adjusting for nulliparity, recipient maximum vertical pocket, gestational age at diagnosis, and placenta location had negligible effect. Both amnioreduction and laser therapy at stage I decreased the likelihood of no survivors (odds ratio, 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.68 and odds ratio, 0.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.37, respectively). Only laser therapy, however, was protective against poor outcome in our data (odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.07–1.30 for amnioreduction vs odds ratio, 0.12, 95% confidence interval, 0.03–0.44 for laser), although the estimate for amnioreduction suggests a protective effect. Conclusion Stage I twin-twin transfusion syndrome was associated with substantial fetal mortality. Spontaneous resolution was observed, although the majority of expectantly managed cases progressed. Progression was associated with a worse prognosis. Both amnioreduction and laser therapy decreased the chance of no survivors, and laser was particularly protective against poor outcome independent of multiple factors. Further studies are justified to corroborate these findings and to further define risk stratification and surveillance strategies for stage I disease.
This unique volume of thirty essays, by fifty-three internationally known scholars, honours C.S. (Rufus) Churcher, the distinguished Canadian palaeontologist. The papers focus on late Cenozoic ...mammals in North America and Africa and provide both site-specific descriptions of faunas and their associated geological contexts, and more general syntheses of regional palaeoenvironments and biogeography. The volume provides a much-needed overview of current research. The stature of the researchers who have contributed to the volume, and the breadth of the material presented, is a reflection of Churcher's diverse research interests. The first section contains eleven papers on the palaeoenvironment and palaeoecology of Quaternary mammals in North America; the second section has 9 contributions describing faunas and morphological analyses of North American Quaternary mammals; and the final section contains nine papers on the palaeoecology and palaeoenvironments of late Cenozoic mammals of Africa. In this final section, Alan Gentry pays tribute to Churcher by naming a species after him: Budorcas churcheri. The volume contains individual discussions of North American fossil prairie dogs, mastodons, zebras, short-faced bears, sabre cats, lions, giant armadillos, elk-moose, caribou and muskrats, as well as African hyaenas, zebras, hipparion horses, antelopes, rodents, and giraffes.
To examine the effects of prolonged systemic administration of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on objective indices of exercise-induced muscle damage in humans.
...Fifty-four volunteers (mean age, 26.4 yr; range, 18-35) participated in this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. To achieve steady-state tissue levels, either placebo or diclofenac was orally administered two times a day for 27 consecutive days. A strenuous 20-min stepping exercise program, about which the subjects were unfamiliar, was conducted on day 15. Creatine kinase (CK) activities were measured immediately before the exercise session and on days 16, 18, and 27. Vastus lateralis muscle samples were obtained immediately before exercise and on day 27 for subsequent histological characterization of muscle inflammation.
The preexercise muscle samples revealed no difference in muscle damage between the two groups. However, the postexercise muscle samples showed that the diclofenac-treated group demonstrated less muscle tissue damage than placebo-treated subjects (P = 0.002). The administration of diclofenac also resulted in a significant lowering of post-/pre-exercise CK ratios on days 18 (P = 0.03) and 27 (P = 0.02) compared with the placebo group, an indirect finding that supports the possibility of diclofenac reducing exercise-induced muscle damage.
These findings demonstrate preadministration of diclofenac (in accordance with tissue half-life pharmacokinetics) significantly reduces quantitative indices of exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage in human muscle.
This study investigated measurement of subjective quality of life by Lehman's Quality of Life Interview (QOLI). Participants from 2 states were included (
N
= 502). Confirmatory factor analysis ...conducted on 29 QOLI subjective satisfaction items contrasted first- and second-order factor models of domain structure in fit of observed data. Both models yielded adequate fits, but the second-order factor model provided a parsimonious explanation of first-order QOLI domain correlations. Factor structure and item loadings, estimated in Cincinnati, Ohio (
N
= 285), were invariant in Baltimore, Maryland (
N
= 217). Model testing on 1-year follow-up responses (
N
= 372) indicated invariant parameter estimates over the follow-up period. Stability estimates were high, ranging from
r
= .20 for financial satisfaction to
r
= .73 for the second-order factor of general well-being.
CRYSTALLINE PHOSPHORUS PENTANITRIDE, P 3 N 5 Huffman, E. O.; Tarbutton, Grady; Elmore, Glenn V. ...
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
04/1957, Letnik:
79, Številka:
7
Journal Article
CRYSTALLINE PHOSPHORUS PENTANITRIDE, P3N5 Huffman, E. O; Tarbutton, Grady; Elmore, Glenn V ...
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
04/1957, Letnik:
79, Številka:
7
Journal Article
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