Summary
The administration of teriparatide (TPTD) in conjunction with periodontal care could provide faster and more favorable clinical outcomes in previously refractory bisphosphonate-related ...osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) cases compared to conventional dental care, combination of surgery and antimicrobial treatment. We also found that underlying vitamin D levels might influence the response to TPTD treatment.
Introduction
Treatment of BRONJ is quite challenging and there are no standard treatment modalities. In this retrospective, longitudinal study, we examined whether additional TPTD administration could be beneficial for the resolution of BRONJ lesions compared to conservative management, such as antimicrobial treatment with or without surgery, and also studied the factors influencing the response to TPTD.
Methods
Twenty-four cases of intractable BRONJ were included: 15 subjects were assigned to the TPTD group and the other 9 subjects, who refused TPTD administration, were assigned to the non-TPTD group. All subjects in both groups continued calcium and vitamin D supplementation and the TPTD group additionally received a daily subcutaneous injection of 20 μg TPTD for 6 months.
Results
While 60.0 % of the non-TPTD group showed one stage of improvement in BRONJ, 40.0 % of the group did not show any improvement in disease status. In the TPTD group, 62.5 % of the treated subjects showed one stage of improvement and the other 37.5 % demonstrated a marked improvement, including two stages of improvement or complete healing, and there was not a single case that did not improve. The clinical improvement of BRONJ was statistically better in the TPTD group after the 6-month treatment (
p
< 0.05). Moreover, patients with higher baseline serum 25(OH)D levels showed better clinical therapeutic outcomes with TPTD.
Conclusions
We observed the beneficial effects of TPTD on BRONJ, and subjects with optimal serum vitamin D concentrations seemed to reap the maximum therapeutic effects of TPTD. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial should be needed to further evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of TPTD in the resolution of BRONJ.
Cellulose samples treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and carbon dioxide in dimethylacetamide (DMAc) were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy.
Cellulose samples treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ...carbon dioxide in dimethylacetamide (DMAc) were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. Absorbance of hydrogen-bonded OH stretching was considerably decreased by the treatment of NaOH and carbon dioxide. The relative absorbance ratio (
A
4000–2995/
A
993) represented the decrease of absorbance as a criterion of hydrogen-bond intensity (HBI). The absorbance of the band at 1430
cm
−1 due to a crystalline absorption was also decreased by NaOH treatment. The absorbance ratio of the bands at 1430 and 987–893
cm
−1 (
A
1430/
A
900), adopted as crystallinity index (CI), was closely related to the portion of cellulose I structure. With the help of FTIR equipped with an on-line evacuation apparatus, broad OH bending due to bound water could be eliminated. FTIR spectra of the carbon dioxide-treated cellulose samples at 1700–1525
cm
−1 were divided into some bands including 1663, 1635, 1616, and 1593
cm
−1. The broad OH bending due to bound water at 1641–1645
cm
−1 was resolved to two bands at 1663 and 1635
cm
−1. As a trace of DMAc, the band at 1616
cm
−1 is disappeared by washing for the cellulose treated with carbon dioxide (Cell 1-C and Cell 2/60-C). The decrease of HBI, the easy removal of DMAc, and the band at 1593
cm
−1 supported the introduction of new chemical structure in cellulose. The bands shown at 1593 and 1470
cm
−1 was assigned as hydrogen-bonded carbonyl stretching and O–C–O stretching of the carbonate ion.
Patients with natural killer T (NK/T) -cell lymphomas have poor survival outcome, and for this condition there is no optimal therapy. The purpose of this study was to design a prognostic model ...specifically for extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, which can identify high-risk patients who need more aggressive therapy.
This multicenter retrospective study was comprised of 262 patients who were diagnosed with NK/T-cell lymphoma.
After a median follow-up duration of 51.2 months, 5-year overall survival rate in 262 patients was 49.5%. Prognostic factors for survival were "B" symptoms (P = .0003; relative risk, 2.202; 95% CI, 1.446 to 3.353), stage (P = .0006; relative risk, 2.366; 95% CI, 1.462 to 3.828), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (P = .0005; relative risk, 2.278; 95% CI, 1.442 to 3.598), and regional lymph nodes (P = .0044; relative risk, 1.546; 95% CI, 1.009 to 2.367). Of 262 patients, 219 had complete information on four parameters. We identified four different risk groups: group 1, no adverse factor; group 2, one factor; group 3, two factors; and group 4, three or four factors. The new model showed a superior prognostic discrimination as compared with the International Prognostic Index (IPI). Notably, the distribution of patients was balanced when a new model was adopted (group 1, 27%; group 2, 31%; group 3, 20%; group 4, 22%), whereas 81% of patients were categorized as low or low-intermediate risks using IPI.
The newly proposed model for extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma demonstrated a more balanced distribution of patients into four groups with better prognostic discrimination as compared with the IPI.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. There is increasing health concerns regarding low-level exposure to BPA among the general population. ...The aim of this study was to determine the association between BPA exposure with oxidative stress and inflammation in adult populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted. This study included 485 adults (259 men, 92 premenopausal women, and 134 postmenopausal women) living in general communities within large cities. Urinary concentrations of BPA, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), white blood cell (WBC) count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Multivariate analyses were applied to determine the associations of BPA exposure with oxidative stress and inflammation. The geometric means of urinary BPA for men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women were 0.53, 0.61, and 0.58
μg/g
cr, respectively. The urinary BPA concentrations were positively associated with MDA, 8-OHdG, and CRP levels in the postmenopausal women; however, such associations did not exist in men and premenopausal women. The findings of this study suggest that BPA exposure would promote oxidative stress and inflammation, in which postmenopausal women are likely to be more susceptible to BPA-induced health effects.
FTIR spectra of Cell 2/25 (a) at 1450–1320
cm
−1 and (b) at 920–870 and 700–650
cm
−1.
Crystalline structures of cellulose (named as Cell 1), NaOH-treated cellulose (Cell 2), and subsequent CO
...2-treated cellulose (Cell 2-C) were analyzed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. Transformation from cellulose I to cellulose II was observed by X-ray diffraction for Cell 2 treated with 15–20
wt
% NaOH. Subsequent treatment with CO
2 also transformed the Cell 2-C treated with 5–10
wt
% NaOH. Many of the FTIR bands including 2901, 1431, 1282, 1236, 1202, 1165, 1032, and 897
cm
−1 were shifted to higher wave number (by 2–13
cm
−1). However, the bands at 3352, 1373, and 983
cm
−1 were shifted to lower wave number (by 3–95
cm
−1). In contrast to the bands at 1337, 1114, and 1058
cm
−1, the absorbances measured at 1263, 993, 897, and 668
cm
−1 were increased. The FTIR spectra of hydrogen-bonded OH stretching vibrations at around 3352
cm
−1 were resolved into three bands for cellulose I and four bands for cellulose II, assuming that all the vibration modes follow Gaussian distribution. The bands of 1 (3518
cm
−1), 2 (3349
cm
−1), and 3 (3195
cm
−1) were related to the sum of valence vibration of an H-bonded OH group and an intramolecular hydrogen bond of 2-OH⋯O-6, intramolecular hydrogen bond of 3-OH⋯O-5 and the intermolecular hydrogen bond of 6-O⋯HO-3′, respectively. Compared with the bands of cellulose I, a new band of 4 (3115
cm
−1) related to intermolecular hydrogen bond of 2-OH⋯O-2′ and/or intermolecular hydrogen bond of 6-OH⋯O-2′ in cellulose II appeared.
The crystallinity index (CI) was obtained by X-ray diffraction CI(XD) and FTIR spectroscopy CI(IR). Including absorbance ratios such as
A
1431,1419/
A
897,894 and
A
1263/
A
1202,1200, the CI(IR) was evaluated by the absorbance ratios using all the characteristic absorbances of cellulose. The CI(XD) was calculated by the method of Jayme and Knolle. In addition, X-ray diffraction curves, with and without amorphous halo correction, were resolved into portions of cellulose I and cellulose II lattice. From the ratio of the peak area, that is, peak area of cellulose I (or cellulose II)/total peak area, CI(XD) were divided into CI(XD-CI) for cellulose I and CI(XD-CII) for cellulose II. The correlation between CI(XD-CI) (or CI(XD-CII)) and CI(IR) was evaluated, and the bands at 2901 (2802), 1373 (1376), 897 (894), 1263, 668
cm
−1 were good for the internal standard (or denominator) of CI(IR), which increased the correlation coefficient. Both fraction of the absorbances showing peak shift were assigned as the alternate components of CI(IR). The crystallite size was decreased to constant value for Cell 2 treated at ⩾15
wt
% NaOH. The crystallite size of Cell 2-C (cellulose II) was smaller than that of Cell 2 (cellulose I) treated at 5–10
wt
% NaOH. But the crystallite size of Cell 2-C (cellulose II) was larger than that of Cell 2 (cellulose II) treated at 15–20
wt
% NaOH.
Recent advances in transdermal drug delivery Subedi, Robhash Kusam; Oh, Seaung Youl; Chun, Myung-Kwan ...
Archives of pharmacal research,
03/2010, Letnik:
33, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Transdermal delivery of pharmacologically active agents has been extensively studied for the past 40 years. Despite the strong efforts, currently, only about 40 products are in market on about 20 ...drug molecules, due to the requirements that the patch area should be small enough for the patients to feel comfortable, and to the barrier properties of the stratum corneum. Various approaches to overcome the barrier function of skin through physical and chemical means have been broadly studied. The development of an effective transdermal delivery system is dictated by the unique physicochemical property each drug molecule possesses. In this review, we have summarized various physical and chemical approaches for transdermal flux enhancement, including the application of electricity, ultrasound, microneedle and chemical enhancers. Pressure sensitive adhesive such as acrylics, rubbers and silicones are described together with recent developments. Factors affecting dosage form design, particularly for drug in adhesive system, like adhesion and crystallization are also discussed.
Kinetics of nitrate reduction by zero-valent iron at elevated temperatures was studied through batch and column experiments. It was hypothesized that under increased solution temperatures, the ...zero-valent iron may accelerate the reduction of nitrate by overcoming the activation energy barrier to nitrate reduction. The results of the batch experiment showed the synergistic effects of elevated temperature (75
°C) and a buffered condition (pH 7.4 with 0.1
M HEPES) to enhance the rate of nitrate reduction by zero-valent iron from 0.072
±
0.006
h
−1 ((0.35
±
0.03)
×
10
−4
L
m
−2
h
−1) at room temperature to 1.39
±
0.23
h
−1 ((1.03
±
0.07)
×
10
−3
L
m
−2
h
−1). Complete nitrate removal was obtained in a Fe(0) column after 30
min under both buffered and unbuffered conditions at 75
°C. These results indicate that a temperature increase could overcome the energy barrier. We suggest that an iron reduction process at moderately elevated temperature (50–75
°C) may be a suitable method for removing nitrate from industrial discharges.
Pathogenic water molds have a significant impact on many species, especially amphibians. The genus Saprolegnia is a pathogenic oomycete restricted to aquatic and moist habitats, and its presence is ...strongly linked to the abundance of amphibians and fishes. We investigated the influence of Saprolegnia presence on egg mortality and egg occurrence under varying environmental conditions in the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans at 27 breeding sites in the Republic of Korea. We then assessed the impact of Saprolegnia on the presence of B. gargarizans at the 27 sites surveyed weekly during the B. gargarizans breeding season for 3 consecutive years. We used molecular tools to identify the water molds as belonging to an undescribed S. ferax strain. We demonstrated that the presence of S. ferax was positively associated with higher water conductivity and ponds. In addition, while S. ferax prevalence was associated with a reduction in B. gargarizans breeding activity and breeding success, we could not determine its impact on the subsequent breeding seasons. Our study highlights the potential negative effects of Saprolegnia on amphibian reproduction, although additional research is necessary to determine the relationship between Saprolegnia, its hosts and the impacts of habitat loss on amphibians.
The sulfonated polyimide (SPI) membranes for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) were synthesized with 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), 2,2′-benzidinedisulfonic acid (BDSA), ...4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) through classical two-step methods: (1) preparation of sulfonated poly(amic acid) (SPAA) precursors with different sulfonation levels by controlling the molar ratio of BDSA to ODA, and (2) thermal imidization of the SPAA films. The chemical structure and the imidization from SPAA membranes were characterized by FT-IR with temperature, and the sulfonation levels were determined by elemental analysis. The thermal stability of the membranes was also characterized by TGA. From water uptake and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments for different sulfonation levels, it was found that the number of water clusters in SPI membranes increased as the water uptake of membranes increased, but the size of water cluster was not changed with the sulfonation levels. The proton conductivity and the methanol permeability of SPI membrane showed a sudden leap like a percolation phenomenon around 35
mol% of sulfonation level. The SPI membranes exhibited relatively high proton conductivity and extremely low methanol permeability, and showed the feasibility of suitable polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) for DMFC.
Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether expressions of the excision repair cross-complementing (ERCC1), thymidylate synthase (TS), and glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) predict ...clinical outcome in patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with fluorouracil (5-fluorouracil)/oxaliplatin chemotherapy. Patients and methods: The study population consisted of 64 advanced gastric cancer patients (median age 51 years). Patients were treated with oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 as a 2-h infusion at day 1 plus leucovorin 20 mg/m2 over 10 min, followed by 5-FU bolus 400 mg/m2 and 22-h continuous infusion of 600 mg/m2 at days 1–2. Treatment was repeated in 2-week intervals. The expressions of ERCC1, TS, and GSTP1 of primary tumors were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results: The positive rates of ERCC1, TS, and GSTP1 were 70.3%, 29.7%, and 50.0%, respectively. The patients without ERCC1 expression were more likely to respond to chemotherapy (P = 0.045). There were no significant differences between response and TS or GSTP1 expression pattern (P = 0.813, P = 0.305, respectively). Median overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in patients without ERCC1 expression (P = 0.0396). TS or GSTP1 expression were not related to survival (P = 0.4578, P = 0.8121, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that ERCC1 expression significantly impacted on OS (hazard ratio 1.92, P = 0.037). Conclusion: Immunohistochemical studies for ERCC1 may be useful in prediction of the clinical outcome in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU and oxaliplatin.
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