This paper presents the visual recognition of static gesture (SG) or dynamic gesture (DG). Gesture is one of the most natural interface tools for human–computer interaction (HCI) as well as for ...communication between human beings. In order to implement a human-like interface, gestures could be recognized using only visual information such as the visual mechanism of human beings; SGs and DGs can be processed concurrently as well. This paper aims at recognizing hand gestures obtained from the visual images on a 2D image plane, without any external devices. Gestures are spotted by a task-specific state transition based on natural human articulation. SGs are recognized using image moments of hand posture, while DGs are recognized by analyzing their moving trajectories on the hidden Markov models (HMMs). We have applied our gesture recognition approach to gesture-driven editing systems operating in real time.
This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) pollution and plant response basing on visible foliar injury observed in the field-grown petunia, Petunia ...hybrida VILM. The visible injury on ‘White ensign’ petunia, a PAN sensitive variety, and atmospheric PAN concentrations were recorded almost every day at Yurakucho from April to November from 1976 to 1983. PAN injury to petunia leaves appeared 15 times in 1976 and 4-6 times in other years. Foliar injury to petunia occurred by less than 10% when the plants were exposed to atmospheric PAN at less than 6 ppb daily maximum concentration or at less than 30 ppb·h daily dose. The percentage of injury occurrence increased with an increase in daily maximum concentration or daily dose. However, the correlation between daily PAN level and percentage of foliar injury was not significantly. To investigate the distribution of atmospheric PAN, a field survey using petunia (‘White ensign’, PAN-sensitive variety and ‘Blue ensign’, PAN-tolerant variety) as indicator plants, was conducted at 5 locations (Ohme, Yohga, Shakujii, Yurakucho, and Adachi) in Tokyo from 1982 to 1983. Injury to ‘White ensign’ petunia was recognized every month at more than one location among five petunia monitoring stations from May to October during two years. Generally, the monthly cumulative foliar injury per plant to both sensitive and tolerant petunia in the west (Ohme, Yohga, and Shakujii) of Tokyo was considerably greater than at the east (Adachi) of Tokyo. The monthly cumulative foliar injury to ‘Blue ensign’ was almost half of those to ‘White ensign’. The results of this field survey using petunia revealed that PAN pollution occurred all over the Tokyo during late spring and autumn.
On the basis of hydrodynamic theory of lubrication, the components of the resultant film force acting on the journal in the infinitely wide bearing can be expressed as functions of x, y, x^. and y^., ...where x and y are the rectangular co-ordinates of the displacement of the journal center. By expanding these functions into the power series in x, y, x^. and Y^., the film elasticity and film damping for small displacements from the position of static equilibrium are derived. In the process of the derivation, the influence of the variation of the film extent due to the motion of the journal center is taken into account in an approximate manner. It is shown that the cross coupling terms of both film elasticity and film damping are not small in comparison with the other terms, and that they reach their minimum values at some values of the Sommerfeld variable.
Radish plants (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Comet) were grown at 20/13°C, 25/18°C and 30/23°C (day/night) for 18 days after sowing. The plants were exposed to ozone (O3) at 0. 1 ppm (v/v) for 4 hrs a day ...for 7 days from the 11th to 17th day after sowing. The dry weight growth of the plants grown at 25/18°C and 30/23°C was significantly reduced by 20% by the exposure to O3 for 7 days. However, the dry weight growth of the plants grown at 20/13°C was not affected by the exposure to O3 for 7 days. The results of growth analysis suggested that O3-induced inhibition of dry weight growth is mainly due to the reduction in net assimilation rate. Effects of 0.1ppm O3 on net photosynthetic rates were examined for the plants grown at different temperatures. Net photosynthetic rates were measured at respective daytime temperatures under 1, 800, μmol·m-2.s-1 (60 Klux). Net photosynthetic rates of the plants grown at 25/18°C and 30/23°C were reduced by theexposure to O3 for 4 hrs by 10.8% and 13.5%, respectively. Net photosynthetic rate of the plants grown at 20/13°C was not reduced by the exposure to O3. The inhibition rates of net photosynthesis during exposure to O3 for 4 hrs and the inhibition rates per unit O3 absorption of net photosynthesis were ranked as follows: 30/23°C≥25/18°C<20/13°C It is concluded that the increase of O3-induced reduction in dry weight growth at relatively high temperatures (25/18°Cand 30/23°C) is mainly due to the greater inhibition of net photosynthesis at high temperatures.
This paper describes how actomyosin complex particles are detected automatically. We propose a new approach that combines both gray level co-occurrence matrix to extract texture features and the SVM ...classifier to detect actomyosin complex particles automatically. Experimental results show that detection rate achieves 94.81%, the false positive rate is 2.79%, and the false negative rate is 5.46%.
Young rice plants (Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari), which are 4 week old plants grown in a potting soil under natural light at 28/27°C in day/night, were intermittently fumigated with 0.1 ppm ozone ...for 4 h (AM 10-14)/day for 4 days, and the ultrastructural changes of chloroplasts in leaf cells were examined by electron microscopy. A visual symptom of small reddish brown flecks appeared on an abaxial leaf surface fumigated for 2 days. After fumigation for 3 days or more, the flecks increased in both size and number and also brightness of green leaves slightly diminished. On observation by electron microscopy, the first indication of ozone injury was swelling of the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts of abaxial leaf cells fumigated for 2 days. The swelling began first at the outermost thylakoid in grana stacks and was followed by a distortion in the arrangement of internal thylakoids. After fumigation for 3 days or more, the changes of thylakoid membranes became serious and then vacuolization occurred in chloroplast stroma. In leaves which were fumigated for 4 days and afterward kept in a fumigation chamber for a day, destruction of chloroplast envelope was observed. The ultrastructural changes occurred first on the leaf tip area and then extended to the middle region. Ozone injury was more serious in abaxial leaf cells than in adaxial ones. A characteristic was no increase of osmiophilic globules in chloroplasts throughout this ozone fumigation.
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